A Cervical Vagal Schwannoma Mimicking a Parathyroid Cyst

Cervical vagal schwannomas with cystic degeneration changes are extremely rare. These tumors are typically benign and slow growing. A 44-year-old woman underwent complete resection of a tumor measuring 4×3.5 cm in the right neck using the endoscopic approach, instead of the conventional transcervical approach. We applied the new scarless neck surgery technique with an endoscopic unilateral axillo-breast approach. The tumor originated from the right vagus nerve, and was confirmed to be a vagal schwannoma pathologically. The patient has been followed up for 18 months postoperatively with no evidence of tumor recurrence or neurological deficit. We report an extremely rare vagal schwannoma with cystic degeneration that was removed by an endoscopic approach, along with a review of the relevant literature.     

单边外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的护理

目的：探讨单边外固定支架治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者的护理。方法：对某医院收治的60例桡骨远端粉碎性骨折患者使用外固定支架治疗。结果：全部病例经随访6～36个月（平均19个月）,按Dienst标准评定：优47例,良10例,一般3例,差0例,优良率为95％。结论：单边外固定支架对桡骨远端粉碎性骨折复住满意,疗效可靠。同时精心的护理对患者病情及功能的恢复有明显的促进作用。     

单侧多穿刺通道注射骨水泥法在骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折经皮椎体成形术中的应用

目的：探讨经皮椎体成形术中采用单侧多通道穿刺注射骨水泥法的临床价值。方法：自2003年3月至2012年10月,采用单侧经椎弓根穿刺行椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折658例（885个椎体）,对术中注射骨水泥〈0．3ml即出现骨水泥渗漏的82例（99个椎体）采用单侧多穿刺通道灌注骨水泥,其中男38例（45个椎体）,女44例（54个椎体）;年龄69—92岁,平均75．4岁。记录手术时间,骨水泥注入量,并发症,术前及术后1h、1个月、3个月、6个月随访时的疼痛视觉模拟评分（VAS）及术前、术后1个月、3个月、6个月Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）以综合评估手术疗效;术后拍摄正侧位x线片,观察骨水泥在椎体内的分布,计算其分布优良率。结果：99个出现骨水泥渗漏的椎体均采用单侧多通道穿刺注射骨水泥法完成PVP操作。平均手术时间为33min,骨水泥分布优良率达98．8％（98／99）;术中无一例出现脊髓、神经根损伤及骨水泥血管内渗漏,无肺栓塞、气胸、穿刺部位出血伤口感染等并发症发生。VAS评分由术前（8．40±0．73）分改善至术后lh的（2．50±0．43）分,术后1个月的（2．00±0．33）分,术后3个月（1．80_＋0．28）分,术后6个月（2．10＋_0．17）分;ODI由术前（40．94±2．72）分改善至术后1个月（9．64±2．60）分,术后3个月（8．52±2．30）分,术后6个月（7．77±2．15）分。术后各时间点VAS评分、ODI与术前比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：在经皮椎体成形术中发生骨水泥渗漏时,采用单侧多穿刺通道注射骨水泥法骨水泥分布满意、疼痛缓解率高、功能改善明显,无不良事件发生。     

Features of unilateral hearing loss detected by newborn hearing screening programme in different regions of Turkey

Objective

Newborn hearing screening (NHS) works well for babies with bilateral hearing loss. However, for those with unilateral loss, it has yet to be established some standard rules like age of diagnose, risk factors, hearing loss degree. The aim of this study is to identify the demographic characteristics of newborns with unilateral hearing loss to obtain evidence based data in order to see what to be done for children with unilateral hearing loss (UHL).

Method

Newborn hearing screening data of 123 babies with unilateral hearing loss, 71 (57.7%) male and 52 (42.3%) female, were investigated retrospectively. Data provided from the archives of six referral tertiary audiology centers from four regions in Turkey. Data, including type of hearing loss; age of diagnosis; prenatal, natal and postnatal risk factors; familial HL and parental consanguinity was analyzed in all regions and each of the Regions 1–4 separately.

Result

The difference between data obtained in terms of gender and type of hearing loss was detected as statistically significant (p < 0.05). While UHL was significantly higher in females at Region 1, and in males at other Regions of 2–4; SNHL was the most detected type of UHL in all regions with the rate of 82.9–100.0%. There were not significant differences between regions in terms of the degree of hearing loss, presence of risk factors, family history of hearing loss, age at diagnosis and parental consanguinity (p > 0.05). Diagnosis procedure was completed mostly at 3–6 months in Region 4; whereas, in other regions (Regions 1–3), completion of procedure was delayed until 6 months–1 year.

Conclusion

This study indicates that the effect of postnatal risk factors, i.e. curable hyperbilirubinemia, congenital infection and intensive care is relatively high on unilateral hearing loss, precautions should be taken regarding their prevention, as well as physicians and other health personnel should be trained in terms of these risks. For early and timely diagnosis, families will be informed about hearing loss and NHS programme; will be supported, including financial support of diagnosis process. By dissemination of the NHS programme to the total of country by high participation rate, risk factors can be determined better and measures can be increased. Additionally, further studies are needed with more comprehensive standard broad data for more evidence based consensus.     

Audiological evaluation and self-assessed hearing problems in subjects with single-sided congenital external ear malformations and associated conductive hearing loss

Previously, unilateral hearing impairment (UHI) has been considered of little consequence. However, a recent meta-analysis of children with UHI displayed educational and behavioural problems and possible delays of speech and language development. Further, patients with UHI consequently report hearing difficulties. Our study investigated hearing function, possible inner ear protection, and self-assessed hearing problems in 57 subjects aged between 3–80 years with single-sided congenital ear malformations and conductive UHI. Pure-tone thresholds and speech recognition (quiet, noise) were measured, and all patients completed a self-assessment questionnaire. Pure-tone thresholds corresponding to sensorineural function did not significantly differ between the normal (air conduction) and affected ear (bone conduction). However, speech recognition in both quiet and in noise was normal on the non-affected side but significantly worse on the malformed side. A moderate to high degree of self-assessed hearing problems were reported. In conclusion, hearing function in the affected ear was found to be subnormal in terms of supra threshold signal processing. Furthermore, a high degree of hearing difficulty was reported. Therefore, active treatment, surgery, or hearing amplification, might be considered.     

儿童单侧感音性听力损失的听力学及影像学特征149例分析

目的 探讨儿童单侧感音性听力损失的听力学和影像学表现,分析其病因.方法 回顾性分析149例1月龄～14岁的单侧感音性听力损失患者的就诊途径、听力学和颞骨影像学检查结果.结果 149例患者95.97％为重度、极重度听力损失,即单侧聋.38.26％就诊患儿是由于听力筛查未通过被发现,20.13％患儿自觉单侧听力差就诊发现....     

The influence of gait speed on co-activation in unilateral spastic cerebral palsy children

Background

Physiological co-activation of antagonistic muscles during gait allows stability of loaded joints. Excessive co-activation restrains motion and increases energy expenditure. Co-activation is increased by gait speed and in the case of upper motor neuron lesions. This study aimed to assess the pathological component of co-activation in children with unilateral cerebral palsy.

Methods

10 children with unilateral cerebral palsy and 10 typically developing children walked at spontaneous, slow and fast speeds. The spatio-temporal parameters and electromyographic activity of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis, semi-tendinosus, tibialis anterior and soleus of both lower limbs were recorded. A co-activation index was computed from the EMG envelopes. A mixed linear model was used to assess the effect of walking speed on the index of the antagonistic muscle couples (rectus femoris/semi-tendinosus, vastus medialis/semi-tendinosus and tibialis anterior/soleus) in the different limbs.

Findings

A greater effect of walking speed on co-activation was found in the involved limbs of children with cerebral palsy for all muscle couples, compared with their uninvolved limbs and the limbs of typically developing children. In typically developing children, but not in children with cerebral palsy, the effect of gait speed on the co-activation index was lower in the rectus femoris/semi-tendinosus than in the other agonist/antagonist muscle couples.

Interpretations

In children with cerebral palsy, a pathological component of muscle activation might be responsible for the greater increase in co-activation with gait speed in the involved limb. Altered motor control could explain why the co-activation in the rectus femoris/semi-tendinosus couple becomes more sensitive to speed.     

经颅磁刺激对卒中患者单侧空间忽略和运动功能康复的作用

目的探讨经颅磁刺激对卒中患者单侧空间忽略和运动功能康复的影响。方法将30例卒中后伴有单侧空间忽略的患者按随机数字表分为重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)组15例和对照组15例,对rTMS组患者采用行为学训练方法 (包括视觉扫描训练、躯干旋转训练、交叉促进训练,15 min/次,2次/d;常规训练30 min/次,2次/d)和rTMS治疗(刺激频率为0.5 Hz、强度为静息运动阈值的90%,治疗15 min/次,2次/d),均为期2周。对照组患者只接受行为学训练治疗。治疗前后两组患者分别进行直线二等分试验、线段划消试验、画钟试验、简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定、改良Barthel指数评定。结果①治疗后,rTMS组与对照组直线二等分试验评分中位数(M,范围)分别为8.17(0～48.31)、31.75(0～86.96);两组线段划消试验评分M分别为0.005(0～0.333)、1.333(0～5.667);两组画钟试验评分M分别为0(0～1)、1(0～2)。差异均有统计学意义,均P<0.05。②治疗后rTMS组与对照组简式Fugl-Meyer运动功能评分M分别为36(24～94)、21(6～63),两组各指标评分比较差异有统计学意义;两组治疗后改良Barthel指数评分M分别为45(30～65)、40(10～60),差异均有统计学意义。均P<0.001。结论经颅磁刺激对卒中患者单侧空间忽略治疗有显著作用,卒中后患侧单侧空间忽略的恢复有助于患者运动功能的康复。     

经半椎板入路切除椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨经半椎板入路切除椎管内肿瘤的疗效。方法回顾性分析2004年10月至2008年6月23例采用经半椎板入路显微切除椎管内肿瘤的临床资料。结果本组23例肿瘤均完全切除。无1例出现新的神经功能损伤及严重并发症,所有患者在术后早期即可下床活动。所有患者均进行10～58个月的随访,未发现肿瘤复发及脊柱的不稳定。结论半椎板入路显微手术治疗椎管内肿瘤损伤小,避免术中过度显露,有利于保持脊柱的稳定性,患者术后恢复较快。