尺神经沟置针术式治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折

背景：交叉克氏针内固定是目前治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的首选方法,但仍未从根本上解决并发症发生问题。目的：评价尺神经沟置针术式治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折的可行性及疗效。 方法：1998年1月到2010年10月采用尺神经沟置针术式治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折患儿144例,随访时检查环小指运动及感觉情况,测量双上肢长度、肘关节活动度,摄双肘正位片测量Baumann角或提携角。采用HSS肘关节功能评价法评分标准进行肘关节功能评定。 结果：144例患儿,随访14~85个月,平均60个月,根据HSS肘关节功能评定法行功能评价：优140例,良4例,无肘内翻和肘外翻畸形发生,无继发尺神经损伤,肢体无短缩。 结论：尺神经沟置针术式治疗儿童GartlandⅢ型肱骨髁上骨折可获得良好的肘关节功能及外观,预防了肘内翻畸形及继发尺神经损伤,且对骨骺生长发育无明显影响。     

Static reconstruction of malar region in facial paralysis: A new alternative technique for plasty of symmetric mouth appearance

Abstract

Static suspension using fascia lata graft is used as a reconstructive procedure against drooping of the mouth corner for treating longstanding facial paralysis. Although it achieves symmetry at rest, movement of the mouth corner at mouth opening is restricted to some extent because it is fixed with fascia lata to the immovable temporal fascia, the parotid fascia, or bones. This was overcome by suspending the mouth corner to the mandibular coronoid process with fascia lata, which enabled a shift of the mouth corner with mouth opening and closure. The nine patients discussed in this study were operated on since 1994 for longstanding facial paralysis and followed-up for over 1.5 years. As in conventional static suspension, the fascia lata was harvested and split into two bands. Next, one semi-oval fascial loop was inserted around the paralysed part of the mouth and tied with another fascial band at the mouth corner, which was looped to the mandibular coronoid process. The suspended fascia lata graft was relaxed with anteroinferior movement of the coronoid process at mouth opening, enabling the mouth corner to shift inferiorly. The mouth corner returned to its original position at mouth closure, and the nasolabial fold deepened during mastication. No limitation in mouth opening was observed. Suspension of the mouth corner to the mandibular coronoid process provided a dynamic element, thereby restoring a near-normal shift. The procedure is considered as an alternative for reconstructing the malar region of patients with facial paralysis and in whom dynamic reconstruction is not indicated.     

Comparison of electrodiagnosis,neurosonography and MR neurography in localization of ulnar neuropathy at the elbow

IntroductionIn patients with ulnar neuropathy at the elbow (UNE) the precise determination of the site of lesion is important for subsequent differential diagnostic considerations and therapeutic management. Due to a paucity of comparable data, to better define the role of different diagnostic tests, we performed the first prospective study comparing the diagnostic accuracy of short segment nerve stimulation, nerve ultrasonography, MR neurography (MRN), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in patients with UNE.MethodsUNE was clinically diagnosed in 17 patients with 18 affected elbows. For all 18 affected elbows in patients and 20 elbows in 10 healthy volunteers, measurements of all different diagnostic tests were performed at six anatomical positions across the elbow with measuring points from distal (D4) to proximal (P6) in relation to the medial epicondyle (P0). Additional qualitative assessment regarding structural changes of surrounding nerve anatomy was conducted.ResultsThe difference between affected arms of patients and healthy control arms were most frequently the largest at measure intervals D2 to P0 and P0 to P2 for electrophysiological testing, or measure points P0 and P2 for all other devices, respectively. At both levels P0 and at P2, T2 contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of MRN and mean diffusivity (MD) of DTI-based MRN showed best accuracies.DiscussionThis study revealed differences in diagnostic performance of tests concerning a specific location of UNE, with better results for T2 contrast to noise ratio (CNR) in MRN and mean diffusivity of DTI-based MRN. Additional testing with MRN and nerve ultrasonography is recommended to uncover anatomical changes.     

坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征的临床研究

目的探讨坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征的临床疗效。 方法选择河北省沧州中西医结合医院2018年1月至2021年5月收治的80例肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征患者作为研究对象,采用随机数字表法分成观察组与对照组各40例。对照组给予关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗;在此基础上,观察组口服坚骨胶囊治疗。连续治疗6个月后采用顾玉东建议的肘管综合征功能评定标准进行疗效评定。治疗前后对两组患者进行Mayo肘关节功能评分（Mayo elbow performance score,MEPS）、视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分,测量肘关节活动度,进行肌电图检查。并统计两组患者副反应情况。 结果观察组肘管综合征功能评定优良率为75.00%（30/40）,与对照组的52.50%（21/40）相比显著升高（P<0.05）。两组治疗后MEPS评分均较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）,疼痛VAS评分均较治疗前显著降低（P<0.05）;且治疗后,观察组MEPS评分显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,疼痛VAS评分显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组治疗后肘关节旋前度数、旋后度数以及屈伸度数均较治疗前显著增加（P<0.05）,且均以观察组改善更显著（P<0.05）。两组治疗后尺神经神经传导速度（nerve conduction velocity,NCV）、小指展肌复合肌肉动作电位（compound muscle action potential,CMAP）均较治疗前显著增加（P<0.05）,小指展肌运动诱发电位潜伏期（motor evoked potential latent period,MEPLP）均较治疗前显著缩短（P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组尺神经的NCV、小指展肌的CMAP显著高于对照组（P<0.05）,小指展肌的MEPLP显著短于对照组（P<0.05）。所有对象均无明显副反应发生。 结论坚骨胶囊联合关节镜和尺神经松解术治疗肘关节骨关节炎伴尺神经卡压综合征能安全有效地改善患者的手、肘功能,提高关节活动度,减轻疼痛程度。     

尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节后脱位有限元模型的建立与分析

目的：建立尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节后脱位的有限元模型,并对肘关节后脱位在关节稳定性方面的影响进行数字化研究。方法：建立正常肘关节-前臂（IEJF）有限元模型与尺骨冠状突骨折肘关节-前臂（FUCF）有限元模型。采用压缩、屈曲两组生理荷载（每组3种幅值）,进行计算、验证和应力分析。结果：建立了结构完整的IEJF与FUCF有限元模型,并对模型进行验证,情况与临床实际符合。计算得出FUCF有限元模型较IEJF有限元模型桡骨头出现了严重的应力集中现象,不同压缩荷载作用下的肘关节纵向压缩位移与不同屈曲力矩导致的屈曲角都有所增加。结论：尺骨冠状突骨折及肘关节后脱位对肘关节-前臂纵向不稳有一定程度的影响。本研究所构建的肘关节-前臂有限元模型对尺骨冠状突骨折合并肘关节后脱位的临床稳定性评估研究及手术治疗方案的制定具有一定的参考价值。     

显微外科修复联合镜像治疗尺神经离断伤的疗效研究

背景:镜像治疗是一种由上而下的治疗模式,可以调节中枢神经系统,进而提高周围神经外伤后的治疗效果。目的:研究镜像治疗对尺神经离断伤显微外科修复术后临床疗效的影响。方法:2016年6月至2018年1月收治的26例尺神经离断伤患者为对照组,2018年2月至2019年7月收治的24例尺神经离断伤患者为研究组。两组患者均采用显微外科神经束膜吻合术修复尺神经,研究组在对照组基础上联合镜像治疗,应用轻触-深压觉检查、静态两点辨别觉检查及感觉分级方法评估感觉功能,应用明尼苏达手灵巧度测试(MMDT)及普度钉板测试(PPT)评估运动功能,比较两组患者术后的感觉运动功能。结果:治疗后,轻触-深压觉在两组间比较差异无统计学意义,研究组两点辨别觉的平均距离小于对照组(P=0.004),研究组感觉分级优于对照组(P=0.007)。与对照组相比,研究组治疗后单侧PPT测试(P=0.005)、双侧PPT测试(P=0.001)及装配PPT测试(P=0.001)结果均更高。与对照组相比,研究组治疗后MMDT测试的放置时间更短(P=0.001);翻转时间也更短(P=0.002)。结论:联合镜像治疗可以改善尺神经离断伤显微外科修复术后的临床疗效,提高患者术后手部感觉运动功能。     

Bloqueo axilar ecoguiado: variaciones anatómicas de la disposición de los 4 nervios terminales del plexo braquial en relación con la arteria humeral

ObjectivesTo describe the distribution of the terminal branches of the brachial plexus at the axillary level and define distribution patterns after ultrasound evaluation.Material and methodFifty volunteers underwent ultrasound bilateral axillary brachial plexus scanning exploration. Nerve distribution around the humeral artery was described and the distance between each nerve and the center of the artery was measured. The distance and relationship between the ulnar nerve and the humeral vein were also recorded.ResultsThe median nerve was located in the anterolateral quadrant (−29 ± 40°) and at a mean distance of 2.1 ± 0.9 mm from the artery (85%). The ulnar nerve was found at 53 ± 26° and at 4.2 ± 2.1 mm from the artery in the anteromedial quadrant (90%), anterolateral to the vein in 46% of cases, and deep to it in 54%. The radial nerve was at 122 ± 38° and at 3.3 ± 1.7 mm from the artery in the posteromedial quadrant (86%). The musculocutaneous nerve was found at −103 ± 22° and 9.3 ± 5.6 mm from the artery in the posterolateral quadrant (90%) and in the anterolateral quadrant (−55 ± 16°) at 4.8 ± 2.7 mm (10%). There were no differences regarding laterality, gender or overweight patients.ConclusionsOur results allow defining four different anatomical patterns, two based in the position of the musculocutaneous nerve and two based on the disposition of the ulnar nerve with respect to the humeral vein. These patterns were not related to laterality, gender or body weight.