三酰甘油对糖耐量正常的2型糖尿病家系一级亲属代谢状况的影响研究

目的探讨三酰甘油(TG)水平对糖耐量正常的2型糖尿病(T2DM)家系一级亲属代谢状况的影响,从而为糖尿病高危人群的防治提供依据。方法将497例糖耐量正常的T2DM家系一级亲属,按照TG四分位数水平,将其分为4组:TG1组(TG<0.77 mmol/L)、TG2组(0.77≤TG<1.06 mmol/L)、TG3组(1.06≤TG<1.58mmol/L)和TG4组(TG≥1.58 mmol/L)。计算葡萄糖曲线下面积(AUC-G),采用稳态模型的胰岛素抵抗指数(HOMA-IR)评估胰岛素抵抗程度,采用稳态模型的胰岛素分泌指数(HOMA-β)和糖负荷后30 min胰岛素增值(△I30)与葡萄糖增值(△G30)的比值来评估胰岛β细胞功能。结果 TG4组受试者AUC-G、HOMA-IR和HO-MA-β均显著高于TG1组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。从TG1组到TG3组,△I30/△G30逐渐增高,组间两两比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而TG4组△I30/△G30出现下降趋势。多元逐步回归分析显示,TG、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)及△I30/△G30是影响血糖的主要因素(P<0.05)。结论随着TG水平增高,糖耐量正常的T2DM家系一级亲属胰岛素抵抗逐步加重,机体代偿性分泌胰岛素使血糖维持在正常范围,但最终出现胰岛早期分泌功能的下降。     

枸杞多糖降脂作用的实验研究

目的观察枸杞多糖降脂作用,初步了解枸杞多糖降脂作用机制。方法取ICR小鼠60只,随机分成6组,灌胃给药连续10天,末次给药2h后,除正常对照组外,其余5组腹腔注入新鲜蛋黄乳剂造成高脂血症模型,20h后取血测定小鼠血清中TC、TG、HDL-C、LDL-C、MDA、SOD。结果枸杞多糖能降低高血脂小鼠血清TC、TG、LDL-C(P<0.01),升高HDL-C(P<0.05);枸杞多糖还能显著性降低血清中MDA(P<0.01),但对SOD影响较小。结论枸杞多糖通过调节体内血脂及脂蛋白、减少过氧化生成物等来实现降低血脂作用。     

In vivo antihyperlipidemic activity of a new series of N-(benzoylphenyl) and N-(acetylphenyl)-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamides in rats

A new series of N‐(benzoylphenyl) and N‐(acetylphenyl)‐1‐benzofuran‐2‐carboxamides ( 3a – 3d and 4a ′– 4c ′) were synthesized. Compounds ( 3a , 3b , and 4a ′– 4c ′) were tested in vivo using Triton‐WR‐1339‐induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model for their hypolipidemic activity. The tested animals were divided into eight groups: control, hyperlipidemic, 3a , 3b , 4a ′, 4b ′, 4c ′, and bezafibrate. At a dose of 15 mg/kg, the elevated plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly reduced in compounds 3b (p <0.0001) and 4c ′ (p <0.05) after 12 and 24 h compared to the normal control group. Furthermore, high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol levels were remarkably increased in compounds 3b (p <0.001) and 4c ′ (p <0.05). Meanwhile, compound 4b ′ slightly reduced the TG levels after 12 and 24 h. The present study demonstrated new properties of the novel series of benzofuran‐2‐carboxamides 3b and 4c ′ as potent lipid‐lowering agents. It is, therefore, reasonable to assume that compounds 3b and 4c ′ may have a promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart diseases.     

Accumulation capacity of primary cultures of adipocytes for PCB-126: Influence of cell differentiation stage and triglyceride levels

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are lipophilic persistent organic chemicals that accumulate at high concentrations in the adipose tissue. Recent studies correlate the presence of such contaminants in fat cells to possible alterations in the regulation of energy homeostasis in adipocytes. As the adipose tissue is composed of adipocytes at several stages of differentiation, it is possible that PCBs already accumulate in cells at an early stage, and thereby impair their development. The exact driving force enabling the massive accumulation of PCBs in fat cells remains unclear. The present study investigated the time-course incorporation of ³H-PCB-126 in primary cultures of rat adipocytes at both early and late differentiation stages and showed that the accumulation of this congener was already significant at an early stage of differentiation. In addition, triglyceride levels in cells were an important parameter governing ³H-PCB-126's entry. The extent of adipocyte ability to store this pollutant in vitro was also evaluated and revealed that fat cells were able to accumulate ³H-PCB-126 at extremely high concentrations. A linear relationship was observed between the amount of ³H-PCB-126 added to the medium and the one accumulated in the cells, which favors a passive diffusion mechanism for the entry of this pollutant into fat cells.     

高脂环境对大鼠成肌细胞糖脂代谢的影响

目的: 探讨棕榈酸(PA)形成的高脂环境对大鼠成肌细胞糖代谢的影响,为深入研究2型糖尿病的发生机制提供理论依据。方法: 用0.1、0.3、0.5 mmol/L棕榈酸处理原代培养大鼠成肌细胞6、12、24 h后,用MTT法检测成肌细胞活力;用油红O染色法检测成肌细胞脂肪变性后甘油三酯沉积;用甘油磷酸氧化酶-过氧化物酶(GPO-POD)法测定成肌细胞脂肪变性后甘油三酯含量;用同位素示踪法检测葡萄糖摄取。结果: 随着PA处理浓度(0.1-0.5 mmol/L)的增加,及暴露时间(6~24 h)的增加,成肌细胞活力逐渐降低、甘油三酯沉积及含量不断增高、葡萄糖摄取不断降低,并呈现剂量和时间依赖性的效应关系。与对照组比较,0.3 mmol/L PA(24 h)和0.5 mmol/L PA(12、24 h)造成细胞活力、甘油三酯沉积及含量、葡萄糖摄取的改变最为明显。结论: PA可以作用于大鼠成肌细胞,使其脂肪沉积,甘油三酯含量增加,糖摄取减少,并呈剂量依赖关系。     

Sex differences in the prognostic value of the lipid profile after the first ischemic stroke

Post-stroke levels of total cholesterol (TC) appear to be negatively associated with stroke mortality. Statin pretreatment might affect this association. Sex differences in the prognostic value of the lipid profile have not yet been studied. We have evaluated the impact of TC, high- and low-density lipoprotein (HDL and LDL, respectively), and triglyceride (TG) levels on the 3-month outcome after a first ischemic stroke (IS) according to sex and previous statin use. The study group consisted of a hospital-based cohort of consecutive patients with a diagnosis of first IS. Poor outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score ≥3 at 90 days. The odds ration (OR) for poor prognosis was analyzed for each sex using logistic regression models adjusted for vascular risk factors and statin pretreatment. A total of 591 patients were included in the analysis (318 men). The predictors of a 90-day poor outcome were age and initial NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score in women, and age, initial NIHSS, smoking, atrial fibrillation, and thrombolytic treatment in men. In women, none of the lipids studied affected the 90-day prognosis. Men falling in the last quintile of TC [OR: 0.68 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.52–0.88; p = 0.004] and LDL (OR 0.74, 95% CI 0.56–0.98; p = 0.04) have better outcome than men in the first quintile. Adjusting for statin pretreatment did not change the results. The results indicated that an association between poststroke lipids and prognosis may vary by sex. In women, lipids were not associated with the outcome; in men, lower TC and LDL were associated with worse prognosis. These differences can not be explained by statin use and require further research.     

急性缺血性卒中后胆固醇和甘油三酯水平与预后的研究

目的：探讨急性缺血性卒中患者入院时胆固醇（total cholesterol,TC）、甘油三酯（triglyceride,TG）水平对预后的影响,了解影响急性缺血性卒中患者TC、TG水平的因素。方法：选择急性缺血性卒中患者216例。所有患者均在入院时采用美国国立卫生院卒中评分（national institute of health stroke score,NIHSS）进行临床神经功能缺损程度的评定,并在发病1、3、5个月时进行Barthel生活指数（Barthel Index,BI）评分,BI作为评价预后的主要指标。结果：①应用Logistic多元回归分析发现,影响血清TC、TG水平的因素有意识障碍、吞咽困难和入院神经功能缺损。②高TG患者组发病1、3个月时BI值明显高于正常或降低TG患者组。结论：①意识障碍、吞咽困难和入院时病情严重程度影响患者入院时血清TC、TG水平。②入院时TG水平可能与缺血性卒中患者发病1、3个月预后有关,血清TC水平和缺血性卒中患者预后可能无关。     

上海市两个社区成人血脂水平的横断面研究

目的评估上海市华阳、曹杨社区人群的血脂水平,描述血脂谱的人群流行特征。方法于1998年9月至2001年11月先后完成华阳、曹杨社区的5628例（20～95岁）调查对象代谢综合征的横断面调查。资料收集包括流行病学询问、体格检查和实验室血脂等指标的化验。以2000年全国人口构成为标准人口构成,计算两个社区成人血脂的标准化均数及标准化患病率。结果（1）标准化均数：华阳社区和曹杨社区成人TC,HDL-C,LDL-C和TG的标准化均数依次分别为5．01mmoL／L和4．43mmoL／L,1．28mmoL／L和1．32mmo]／L,3．37mmo]／L和2．99mmo]／L,1．97mmoL／L和1．60mmoL／L。（2）标准化患病率：按2005年6月16日上海血脂指南讨论会制定的血脂分层切点建议（2005）的划分标准,上海华阳、曹杨社区成人“血脂异常”的标准化患病率依次为52．9％和25．1％,“血脂边缘异常及异常”的标准化患病率分别为76．0％和56．2％。两社区“血脂异常”分类的标准化患病率从高到低依次均为：高TG血症、低HDL-C血症、高LDL-C血症和高TC血症。而华阳、曹杨“血脂合适范围”的标化百分构成从高到低均依次为TC、TG、LDL-C和HDL-C,其中HDL-C的百分构成远低于其他三项,仅为15．7％和16．1％。结论上海两社区成人“血脂异常”和“血脂边缘异常”的患病率均很高。人群血脂异常主要表现为高TG和低HDL-C。