C-型臂与关节镜监护下治疗胫骨平台骨折

[背景 ]关节镜的普遍使用及手术间C 型臂的应用 ,使得包绕在膝关节囊的胫骨平台骨折在不切开关节囊的情况下复位、固定 ,成为良好的手术方法 .[病例报告 ]对 38例接受过此类手术的患者作了平均 3年 6个月随访观察 ,结果满意 .[讨论 ]此术式操作简便 ,缩短手术时间 ,破坏关节囊少 ,安全可靠 ,术后愈合快     

三步正骨手法整复尺桡骨中下段双骨折的多中心临床研究

目的：比较观察三步正骨手法整复及髓内针内固定治疗尺桡骨中下段双骨折的疗效。方法：随机分实验组105例和对照组105例，实验组接受拔伸旋转、夹挤分离和折顶回旋三步正骨手法复位加小夹板外固定，对照组接受手术开放复位，髓内针内固定治疗。结果：随访6个月，骨折解剖对位及近解剖对位情况，对照组优于实验组；骨折愈合及功能恢复情况，实验组均优于对照组。结论：应用三步正骨手法整复尺桡骨中下段双骨折，有利于伤肢功能恢复并能减少骨折延迟愈合、不愈合的发生。     

股方肌蒂骨瓣移植治疗股骨颈骨折

青壮年股骨颈骨折引起的骨不连和股骨头缺血性坏死的发生率较高 ,治疗上常难以收到理想的效果 ,我院自 1995年9月起 ,采用股方肌骨蒂骨瓣移植加螺丝钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折 14例 ,获得满意疗效。1　临床资料本组 14例 ,男 8例 ,女 16例 ;年龄 18— 45岁 ,平均 35岁。骨折类型 :头下型 6例 ,经颈型 8例 ;新鲜骨折 9例 ,陈旧性骨折 5例。伤因 :交通事故伤 8例 ,坠落伤 6例。2　治疗方法　　患者侧卧位 ,连续硬膜外麻醉 ,取后侧切口 ,分离出股方肌 ,于股方肌止点股骨转子间嵴处凿下 4ｃｍ× 2ｃｍ× 1ｃｍ骨块 ,可见骨块连接股方肌蒂并有血液外…     

骨盆骨折Tile分类与患者早期输血量之间的关系

目的：研究骨盆骨折Tile分类与患者输血量之间的关系，便于对骨折患者的输血量进行预测，指导临床早期对血流动力学不稳患者的救治，减少死亡率。方法：回顾性研究5年间我院收治的97例骨盆骨折患者（平均年龄40．7岁）输血量、ISS评分、伴发损伤、住院时间、死亡率等与骨折不同分类之间的关系。结果：3型骨折患者骨折的严重程度与输血量、ISS、死亡率等，各组之间具统计学显著性差异。患者平均输血量为912ml，其中C组平均输血2200ml。ISS评分平均为18．4，其中C组为28．7。死亡率平均为5．2％，C组平均为19．0％。并且骨折的3组分类的伴发损伤之间也有统计学上差别。结论：Tile骨折分类方法能对骨盆骨折患者输血量有一定的预测价值。骨折类型越严重，患者早期复苏时的输血量就越多，伴发胸腹部损伤的机会和ISS评分也增加。     

胸腰椎骨折晚期后凸畸形的手术治疗

胸腰椎骨折晚期后凸畸形多由早期治疗失败引起，处理比较棘手。手术治疗有助于矫正畸形、重建脊柱矢状位平衡和促进神经功能恢复，手术入路以前、后路联合手术最为理想。     

肱骨近端骨折的外科治疗及术后康复

目的：探讨肱骨近端骨折的手术及非手术治疗适应证，手术治疗方法及手法对患肢功能恢复的重要性。方法：1999年1月－2000年12月，对收治的46例肱骨近端骨折患者，依据Neer分型及骨折移位的严重程度进行非手术治疗15例，手术治疗31例，术后患肩早期外展支架固定及康复锻炼，结果：本组患者均获随访，随访时间为6－26个月，平均12．6个月，患肢功能按尚天裕等肩关节功能评估标准，手术组和非手术组的肩关节功能优良率分别为93．5％（29／31）和93．3％（14／15）。结论：肱骨上端骨折仅有较小的移位，一般用非手术治疗，对于复杂的肱骨近端骨折，采用T形钢板内固定手术治疗，同时配合外展支架固定及规范的功能锻炼可获得满意的疗效，降低了此低骨折凝肩及其他并发症的发生率，其治疗重点是可靠的固定及早期功能恢复。     

Cervical spine trauma radiography: comparison of general and musculoskeletal radiologists, with emphasis on number of views

We investigated the number of views necessary to evaluate trauma patients for suspected cervical spine fractures, comparing general and musculoskeletal radiologists. At separate sittings, independently and blindly, two musculoskeletal (MSKR) and two general (GR) radiologists evaluated sets of cervical spine images on a 1- to 5-point confidence scale for the presence of fracture in 68 trauma patients. First they evaluated anteroposterior and lateral views, then these plus an odontoid view, and lastly these three plus bilateral oblique radiographs. Overall, MSKR were slightly more accurate than GR (77.9 % vs. 74 %, P < 0.05). With two views, GR were more accurate (75.7 % vs.72.1 %); with three and five views, MSKR were more accurate (80.1 % vs.73.5 % and 81.6 % vs. 72.8 %). Confidence scores for excluding fractures increased with number of views (1.9, 1.6, 1.4, P < 0.0001); however, confidence scores for diagnosing fractures were affected neither by specialty (MSK = 3.8, GR = 3.9) nor by number of views (3.7, 3.9, 4.0). With more views, MSKR were more accurate and confident in excluding suspected cervical spine fractures than GR.     

肱骨干投弹骨折的分型及意义

目的　探讨投弹所致肱骨干螺旋骨折的类型及其生物力学意义。方法　分析 4 6例肱骨干投弹骨折X线片 ,测量骨折部位、长度、斜面角度和骨折的螺旋弧度等形态指标。结果　 4 6例肱骨干螺旋骨折均发生于中下段 ,远近段骨折线具有对称性。骨折长度均在 30mm以上 ,以 5 1～ 90mm最多 ,共 31例 (6 7 4 % )。骨折斜面角度均≤ 4 5°,其中 4 0°～ 4 5°者 4 2例 (91 3% )。骨折螺旋角度在 2 85°～ 32 6°,平均 30 5 5°(0 85个圆周 )。 4例在骨折端内侧有一螺旋蝶形骨片。结论　肱骨干投弹骨折按形态特征分为 3种类型 ,即短螺旋、长螺旋和粉碎螺旋 ,主要发生于上臂加速期 ,由扭转暴力和纵轴压缩力引起。     

鹰嘴窝再造治疗青少年肘关节僵直

目的　再造外伤后畸形或发育不良的尺骨鹰嘴窝。方法　行肘关节软组织松解后伸直肘关节 ,标记出尺骨鹰嘴对应的鹰嘴窝部位 ,自该处软骨近端用尖嘴咬骨钳咬除骨质后掀起软骨 ,将其下方松质骨逐步咬除 ,将软骨压下成窝状 ,至鹰嘴能合适嵌入其中 ,关节能伸直为止。结果　 9例患者经术后6个月～ 4年 (平均 3 0个月 )的随访 ,7例肘关节屈肘功能超过 0°、 -10°、-115° ,2例超过 0°、-11°、-10 0°。8例鹰嘴窝再造处未见明显异常 ,1例再造鹰嘴窝周围可见轻度骨质增生。结论　采用鹰嘴窝再造治疗青少年肘关节屈曲位僵直可获得良好关节功能     

Interventions to improve inpatient osteoporosis management following first osteoporotic fracture: the PREVENT project

Objectives  To establish a protocol for the treatment of fragility fractures in the hospital setting based on treatment of osteoporosis. Materials and methods  An intervention protocol was implemented in patients with fragility fractures based on (1) indicating the diagnosis of osteoporotic fracture in the summary of discharge; (2) “lifestyle recommendations”; and (3) therapy for osteoporosis. Thirty-one hospitals were involved and they were informed of the importance of protocol compliance. In the first phase, a retrospective study was conducted to establish the number of low-energy fractures treated and the percentage of them that had complied with the protocol (n = 887). Then, prospectively, the same data were collected for the patients managed for 1 year (n = 6,826) in three sections of 4-month intervals. Results  The percentage of compliance increased from 8.2 to 57.2% in the first point, from 12.6 to 42.4% in the second, and from 10.3 to 43.2% in the third. Conclusion  The implementation of programs to improve osteoporosis treatment is very useful for ensuring adherence in the management of osteoporosis following admission due to fragility fracture. A part of this study has been presented in the 73rd Annual Meeting of the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons, March 2006, Chicago, IL.