Quasi-Experiment Study on Effectiveness Evaluation of Health Communication Strategies

This experimental study examined differences in doctor-patient relationships according to the health communication strategies during cases of medical malpractices occurred at primary medical institution. A total of 116 subjects aged in their 20s-50s was sampled. The first medical malpractice scenario chosen was the medical malpractice case most frequently registered at the Korean Medical Association Mutual Aid and the second scenario was associated with materials and devices as the cause of malpractice. Four types of crisis communication strategy messages were utilized, consisting of denial, denial + ingratiation, apology, and apology + ingratiation. Subjects were classified into four research groups by crisis communication strategy to measure levels of trust, control mutuality, commitment, and satisfaction, before and after the occurrence of medical malpractice and application of communication strategies. The findings of this study revealed that the apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, showed a smaller difference before and after the application of communication strategies in all variables of trust (F = 8.080, F = 5.768), control mutuality (F = 8.824, F = 9.081), commitment (F = 9.815, F = 8.301), and satisfaction (F = 8.723, F = 5.638). Further, a significant interaction effect was shown between variables. The apology strategy, compared with the denial strategy, was effective in the improvement of doctor-patient relationships in both Scenarios I and II. For Scenario I, the apology strategy without ingratiation boosted commitment and satisfaction, but for Scenario II, utilizing the apology strategy with ingratiation boosted the effectiveness of trust and commitment.     

大学生学习时间管理策略量表的编制

目的编制一个测量大学生学习时间管理策略的评估工具。方法通过文献、访谈和开放式问卷等方法收集量表项目,采用探索性因素分析和验证性因素分析程序构建量表。结果探索性因素分析表明大学生学习时间管理策略量表由学习时间管理意识、学习时间计划、学习时间管理的优先级、学习时间调控和学习时间管理效能等5个因素构成,可解释总变异的53.32%。总量表和因素1至因素5的内部一致性系数分别为0.86、0.84、0.80、0.74、0.74、0.89。583名新被试的验证性因素分析的模型拟合指数χ2/df、CFI、NFI、IFI、TLI、RMSEA分别为2.203、0.909、0.847、0.910、0.893、0.045;学习时间管理策略量表与青少年时间管理倾向量表的相关系数为0.67,在0.001水平上显著。结论大学生学习时间管理策略量表具有良好的信、效度,可用于对大学生学习时间管理策略的评估。     

New Scandinavian Doctorate:Everyday life with dementia

The overarching aim of this study was to extend and deepen the understanding of the consequences and experiences of dementia in everyday life.

The first study (I) compared the performances of the instrumental activities of daily life (IADL) in an unfamiliar, clinical, setting and in the familiar home settings of 19 subjects with suspected dementia. The Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) was used for observing IADL performance. The results showed no overall difference between the settings for the group of subjects, while statistically significant differences were exhibited for individual subjects.

In Study II, the relationships between the AMPS IADL motor and process abilities, and the cognitive functions, as assessed by 14 neuropsychological tests, were investigated among 52 subjects with mild Alzheimer's disease. Significant predictors of AMPS IADL ability were psycbomotor speed, flexibility, visuoconstructive function and secondary memory. The cognitive tests explained 24–26% of the variation in AMPS IADL abilities.

In Study III, the consequences of dementia in the everyday lives of two early-onset participants were explored. The everyday occupational difficulties of the participants and their individually divergent strategies for compensation that were exhibited in the date were described. The difficulties and the compensational effets of the two participants seemed to bring about very different consequences for the two participants' everyday living.

To understand this difference, further investigations were conducted in Study IV, and the participants' strategies for managing their images of the occupational self by attributing the disease and its consequences to their ability were discovered and interpreted.

In Study V, the participants' experiences of living with the illness in everyday life during three years were explored by a phenomenological approach, which resulted in a phenomenological structure. This structure revealed an altering meaning of the life-world and a perceived threat to order and control that was met and resisted in individually different ways.

In summary, the results exhibited considerable consequences in everyday life from a dementing disease for the afflicted persons, and highly individualised meanings, management strategies and experiences of the changes brought about by the disease. The environment's impact seemed to be too complex to be captured by assessments of IADL ability in relation to familiarity only. The importance of a meaningsearching and individualised perspective in therapy and caregiving was discussed and emphasised.     

计算机打印病案存在的问题及改进措施

目的电子病案将是未来医院现代化发展的必然趋势。在现阶段,由于电子病案的法律效力尚未得到认可,故绝大多数医院仍采用计算机书写并打印纸质病历存档的做法。本文就计算机打印病历中存在的问题以及采取的管理措施进行分析,旨在提高病案的管理质量,保证病历的真实性、准确性、及时性。     

社区高血压患者急性发作风险因素及对策分析

目的 通过分析贵阳市社区高血压患者急性发作的风险因素,了解贵阳市基层卫生服务体系建设及公共卫生政策对高血压慢性病防治效果.方法 通过分层随机抽样方法,对贵阳市6个社区卫生服务中心的969名高血压患者进行结构式问卷调查.结果 分析发现,年龄、性别、教育水平、并发症和防治方式在不同类型高血压患者中构成不同（P〈0.05）.小学及以下文化水平的高血压患者急症发作风险是大专及以上高血压患者的2.23倍;2种及以上并发症的高血压患者发生急症发作的风险是无并发症患者的2.10倍;处于高血压3级的患者急性发作概率是高血压1级患者的1.72倍.结论 受教育程度低、多种并发症、高血压3级是高血压急性发作的主要危险因素.社区慢性病管理应该强化高血压急性发作的因素识别和干预力度.     

Strategies used for the outpatient dental care of people with autism spectrum disorder: An integrative review

BackgroundAutism spectrum disorder is a neurodevelopmental disorder with early onset and chronic course. People with this disorder and their caregivers find it difficult to find dentists who provide adequate dental care. The aim of this review was to analyze studies published between 1999 and 2020, available in Portuguese, English or Spanish, on strategies that can be used for outpatient dental care for people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD).MethodsA survey was carried out in the Scopus and Medline databases, using the search strategy: (strategies OR approaches OR management OR system) AND ("dental care" OR "oral health" OR dentistry) AND ("autism spectrum disorder" OR autism). The inclusion criteria were: original articles on strategies that could be used for outpatient dental care for people with ASD, published between 1999 and 2020 and available in Portuguese, English or Spanish. Duplicate studies, publications not available in full, conference documents, review articles, books and documents from specialist publications were excluded. For the analysis of methodological quality, the adapted Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) was used.ResultsThe following strategies stood out: visual aids, sedation, training programs, standard behavioral guidance techniques, continuing education directed at parents, resources related to the dental office and the traits of dentists.ConclusionsThese strategies will be chosen depending on the level of skills and knowledge of the professionals, on their ability to work with specific resources, and mainly on the individual characteristics of the patient, since ASD manifests differently from person to person.     

Face-name memory in Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects face-name memory, the ability to recognize faces and recall names. Remembering face and name requires a sophisticated cognitive process because of the complexity and similarity among faces and also because of their arbitrary association with names. Assessments of face-name memory can measure episodic and semantic memory performance and are useful for early detection of AD. Improving face-name memory is possible through cognitive interventions targeted to promote procedural memory, which is often preserved until the late stage of AD. This article describes a conceptual model, assessment tools, and strategies for improving face-name memory in persons with AD.     

面向数据服务的高校图书馆员能力培养策略

通过梳理数据服务的理论依据,概括高校图书馆数据服务的特征。在对数据服务的项目、目的、难度等方面进行分析的基础上,总结出高校图书馆员数据服务的3个层次,并从每个层次构成因素的概念理解、实现方法、实施路径等总结出高校图书馆员需要具备的数据服务能力,探索面向数据服务的高校图书馆员能力培养策略,以全面提升高校图书馆的数据服务水平,为高校图书馆员的数据服务能力提升提供理论依据,并以此助力高校图书馆完成由传统的文献服务型图书馆向知识服务图书馆型的转变。