形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折

目的 探讨形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折的手术方法及疗效。方法 采用西脉记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折54例。结果 54例病人全部获得随访，优良率96.3％。结论 形状记忆合金环抱接骨板治疗锁骨骨折是一种方便有效的方法，具有手术操作简便、内固定确实等优点，但应加强术后管理。     

Sparing of perceptual implicit memory despite suppression of the electrophysiological word repetition effect: a study with general anesthetic isoflurane.

OBJECTIVE: Much effort has been devoted to the search for the neurophysiological correlates of implicit memory. A commonly held view is that the early portion (250-500 ms) of the event-related potential (ERP) word repetition effect reflects processes important for perceptual implicit memory whereas the latter portion reflects processes implicated in explicit memory. It is, however, difficult to disentangle with certainty the relative contributions of each form of memory on ERPs since both forms co-exist in normal subjects. To dissociate ERP effect related to implicit and explicit memory, we used isoflurane sedation in normal subjects to suppress explicit remembering while sparing implicit memory. These ERPs were compared with those of non-medicated control subjects. METHODS: Thirteen subjects performed an incidental encoding task for words presented auditorily during the inhalation of a subanesthetic dose of isoflurane. After termination of isoflurane administration, we assessed free recall and recorded ERPs during a syllable completion task (implicit memory) and during a passive listening task (ERP repetition effect). Eleven non-medicated control subjects were tested in a similar manner. RESULTS: The controls showed robust early and late ERP repetition effect. The isoflurane group had implicit memory without free recall and showed no ERP repetition effect. CONCLUSIONS: These findings failed to show an association between any part of the repetition effect and perceptual implicit memory. The results are consistent with the view that processes linked to explicit memory contribute to the ERP repetition effect since there was a marked difference in free recall between the control and isoflurane groups. SIGNIFICANCE: The present study shows that the reversible alterations of memory by general anesthetics can be used to study the neurophysiological correlates of memory processes.     

闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆研究

目的探讨闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期的记忆障碍特点。方法用临床记忆量表对 2 0例闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期及 2 0例正常人进行记忆测验。结果闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期 5项分测验及记忆商均明显低于正常人对照组 ,MQ≤ 79的比例较正常人明显增高。结论闭合性脑外伤患者恢复后期有非常严重的记忆障碍 ,其回忆比再认受损更严重     

数学障碍儿童的工作记忆研究

目的：探讨数学障碍儿童的工作记忆状况。方法：采用智力测睑、成就测验、教师提名、学业成绩相结合的综合标准甑选数学障碍儿童，在长沙市三所小学随机选取4～6年级共12个班，从中抽取24名数学障碍儿童和24名学习正常儿童。采用工作记忆成套测验对2组被试进行评估。结果：数学障碍组除空间排序、空间后退以及数字划销3个分测验外，在工作记忆成套测验其它各分测验及各维度上的成绩均显著低于学习正常组（P〈0．001～0．05）。结论：数学障碍儿童工作记忆存在普遍缺陷。     

额叶外伤后早期数字工作记忆的fMRI研究

目的:利用功能磁共振成像技术研究额叶外伤后,执行工作记忆任务时脑结构损伤与脑激活功能区的改变。材料和方法:对10例额叶外伤后早期患者(伤后平均31d,其中男性7例,女性3例;平均年龄30.1年)和12例正常志愿者作为对照组(男性7例,女性5例;平均年龄26.9年)分别进行2位和4位数字的正反序工作记忆的实验,使用single-trial设计方法;GE3.0T磁共振机扫描、采集图像,运用AFNI软件包进行数据分析。结果:①正常对照组反序4位数字任务大于正序4位数字脑区有辅助运动区SMA,双侧背外侧前额叶,左侧顶叶,右侧角回;②患者组反序4位数字任务大于正序4位数字的脑区有左侧枕叶;③正常对照组反序4位数字任务大于患者组的部位有左侧DLPFC,左侧角回;正序4位数字大于患者组的部位有左侧枕叶,右侧角回;④患者组反序4位数字任务时大于对照组的部位有楔状回,右侧Broca区;正序4位数字大于对照组的部位有右侧初级运动区MA,右侧额极区。结论:前额叶在脑工作记忆网络中处于重要节点,大脑右侧半球在工作记忆系统中起到巨大代偿作用的脑资源,fMRI提供认知功能损伤的影像学依据,应在临床上发挥更大作用。     

2种磨牙根管预备方法的成本-效果分析

目的:比较不锈钢K锉常规根管预备(SSPT)法与镍钛机用根管器械逐步深入预备(NRPT)法在磨牙根管治疗中的近期临床效果和成本/效果(C/E)值。方法:入选患者随机分为SSPT法(49例)和NRPT法(45例)2组,记录治疗后不良反应、补救治疗措施和所花费用,评价近期疗效并进行成本-效果分析,用SPSS11.5统计分析软件进行数据统计。结果:NRPT组治疗满意率优于SSPT组(P=0.034),但前者人均治疗成本显著高于后者(P=0.001)。对重度弯曲根管,NRPT组治疗满意率优于SSPT组(P=0.007);前者的C/E值较后者低394.52元;轻中度弯曲根管前者的C/E值较后者高192.04元。根尖正常患者,NRPT组治疗满意率高于SSPT(P=0.012),但前者C/E值比后者高32.32元;而根尖阴影患者NRPT组的C/E值较SSPT组高376.47元。结论:NRPT法的疗效优于SSPT法,但治疗成本较高;对重度弯曲根管患牙,NRPT法可使患者受益;对中轻度弯曲根管患牙,应选用SSPT法。对根尖正常的患者,NRPT法近期疗效更高,而治疗前有根尖病变的患者,SSPT法可节约治疗成本。     

新型记忆合金节段内固定器治疗腰椎峡部裂的实验研究

目的 :设计一种治疗腰椎峡部裂的新型记忆合金节段内固定器 ,测试其材料力学特性 ,并评价其生物力学稳定性。方法 :测量 2 0具干燥完整成人腰椎标本获得数据 ,按数据采用镍钛记忆合金设计固定器并行材料力学测试。取 6具新鲜成人腰椎标本 ,先后形成正常脊柱组、峡部裂组、横突棘突钢丝捆绑组、钩螺钉固定组、Buck螺钉固定组、新研制记忆合金固定器固定组 6组实验模型。利用脊柱三维运动实验机 ,分别测试 6组的前屈 /后伸、左 /右侧弯及左 /右轴向旋转 6种运动的活动范围。结果 :材料力学测试表明其形态记忆功能良好 ,体温状态下会产生稳定可靠的回复力。 6组在前屈、后伸及左右旋转状态 ,峡部裂组稳定性最差 ,同其他 5组差别明显。而使用新研制记忆合金内固定器组可明显恢复腰椎稳定性 ,同正常脊柱组及其他 3种内固定组均无显著差别。另两种状态左右侧弯 6组均无显著性差别。结论 :新设计的内固定器符合腰椎的生物力学要求 ,较先前的半环状内固定器优势明显 ,具有很好应用前景     

海洛因依赖者记忆力与氧化应激的关系

目的：探讨男性海洛因依赖者（MPHD）记忆力改变及其与氧化应激的关系。方法：对140例MPHD及75名健康者对照进行韦氏记忆量表（WMS）评估和氧化应激指标血清一氧化氮（NO）、丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、维生素C（VC）及总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）的检测。结果：MPHD组WMS的测验成绩显著差于对照组（P〈0．05）；MPHD组血清MDA水平高于对照组（P〈0．05），T-AOC、VC、SOD水平低于对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）；随戒断时间延长，MPHD组的记忆商数（MQ）有升高的趋势（P〉0．05），血清MDA含量有下降的趋势（P〈0．01），T-AOC、SOD含量有升高的趋势（P〈0．05）。MPHD组血清NO及MDA水平与WMS多个因子呈负相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），T-AOC、VC及SOD水平与WMS多个因子呈正相关（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。结论：海洛因依赖者存在明显的记忆力损害与氧化抗氧化反应失衡；其记忆力损害可能与氧化应激有关，血清NO、MDA、SOD、VC、T-AOC可能是与记忆力密切相关的氧化应激指标。     

Implicit memory is independent from IQ and age but not from etiology: evidence from Down and Williams syndromes

Background In the last few years, experimental data have been reported on differences in implicit memory processes of genetically distinct groups of individuals with Intellectual Disability (ID). These evidences are relevant for the more general debate on supposed asynchrony of cognitive maturation in children with abnormal brain development. This study, comparing implicit memory processes in individuals with Williams syndrome (WS) and Down syndrome (DS), was planned to verify the ‘etiological specificity’ hypotheses pertaining to the skill learning abilities of individuals with ID. Method A modified version of Nissen and Bullemer's (1987) Serial Reaction Time (SRT) task was used. The performances of three group were evaluated. The first group consisted of thirty‐two people with WS (18 males and 14 females). The second group was comprised of twenty‐six individuals with DS (14 males and 12 females). The two groups of individuals with ID were selected so that the groups were comparable as for mental age and chronological age. The third group consisted of forty‐nine typically developed children with a mental age similar to that of the groups with WS and DS. Results The two groups of individuals with ID demonstrated different patterns of procedural learning. WS individuals revealed poor implicit learning of the temporal sequence of events characterizing the ordered blocks in the SRT task. Indeed, differently from normal controls, WS participants showed no reaction time (RT) speeding through ordered blocks. Most importantly, the rebound effect, which so dramatically affected normal children's RTs passing from the last ordered to the last block, had only a marginal influence on WS children's RTs. Differently from the WS group, the rate of procedural learning of the participants with DS was comparable to that of their controls. Indeed, DS and typically developed individuals showed parallel RT variations in the series of ordered blocks and, more importantly, passing from the last ordered to the last block. Therefore, a substantial preservation of skill learning abilities in this genetic syndrome is confirmed. Conclusions The results of the present study document that procedural learning in individuals with ID depends on the aetiology of the syndrome, thus supporting the etiological specificity account of their cognitive development. These results are relevant for our knowledge about the qualitative aspects and the underlying neurobiological substrate of the anomalous cognitive development in mentally retarded people.