屈光度对SMILE术后眼压的预测和校正

目的 探究SMILE术后眼压的预测并校正。方法 回顾性研究+前瞻性验证。纳入2019-12/2021-12于中部战区总医院行SMILE的患者90例(180眼),随机抽取30眼为验证集,余150眼为训练集。前瞻性录入2022-01/2022-09SMILE的51例(102眼)为测试集。首先分析训练集手术前3d、术后1wk、1mo、3mo及6mo的眼压情况,确定眼压稳定期及于术前的眼压变化量(ΔIOP);再选取球柱镜代数和(SC)、球镜度(DS)、柱镜度(DC)及眼压(IOP)、中央角膜厚度(CCT)、角膜平均曲率(Km)、前房深度(ACD),眼压稳定时的变化量(ΔCCT、ΔKm、ΔK1、ΔK2、ΔACD)及个体因素,纳入与ΔIOP相关的因素拟合回归模型;最后建立适合临床SMILE术后眼压预测及校正的公式并作效能验证。结果 除术后1wk、3mo及6moIOP三者间无明显差异外,余时段IOP间差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05);各因素与ΔIOP拟合最佳回归方程：ΔIOP=0.459IOP_术前-0.183SC-0.041Age+1.292ΔACD-1.270(调节R₂^=0.533,P＜0.001)。仅纳入术前IOP和SC,拟合简化方程：ΔIOP=0.496IOP_术前-0.194SC-2.952(调节R₂^=0.498,P＜0.001);预测和校正公式：IOP_术后预测=0.5IOP_术前+0.2SC+3,IOP_术后校正=IOP_术后+0.5IOP_术前–0.2SC–3。简化公式的效能验证显示良好。结论 SMILE术后3月IOP趋于稳定,且ΔIOP与屈光度相关。SMILE术后IOP可通过简化公式作快速临床预测和校正。     

Measured attenuation correction methods

Accurate attenuation correction is a prerequisite for the determination of exact local radioactivity concentrations in positron emission tomography. Attenuation correction factors range from 4–5 in brain studies to 50–100 in whole body measurements. This report gives an overview of the different methods of determining the attenuation correction factors by transmission measurements using an external positron emitting source. The long-lived generator nuclide⁶⁸Ge/⁶⁸Ga is commonly used for this purpose. The additional patient dose from the transmission source is usually a small fraction of the dose due to the subsequent emission measurement. Ring-shaped transmission sources as well as rotating point or line sources are employed in modern positron tomographs. By masking a rotating line or point source, random and scattered events in the transmission scans can be effectively suppressed. The problems of measured attenuation correction are discussed: transmission/emission mismatch, random and scattered event contamination, counting statistics, transmission/emission scatter compensation, transmission scan after administration of activity to the patient. By using a double masking technique simultaneous emission and transmission scans become feasible.This article was presented at the 1st EEC workshop on accuracy determination in PET, January 19–20th. 1989 Pisa, Italy (COMAC-BME Concerted Project Characterization and Standardization of PET Instrumentation)     

Axial rotation component of thoracic scoliosis

The axial rotation (rotation about a vertical axis) of the vertebrae, of the ribs, and of the back surface are components of the deformity recognized clinically as the "rib hump" in thoracic scoliosis. Relationships of these rotations to the lateral deviation and lateral curvature of the spine were studied in 40 patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Stereoradiographs of the spine and rib cage were used to measure three components of axial rotation: rotation of the vertebrae, of the rib cage, and of the plane of maximum curvature of the spine. Stereotopographs of the back surface were digitized to measure the axial rotation of the back surface. In individual patients, there were high correlations of all components of axial rotation at each spinal level with the corresponding vertebral lateral deviation from the spinal axis. By regression analyses of the maximum values of each rotation in each curve, the rotation of the apex vertebra was found to be generally of lesser magnitude than the rotation of the plane of maximum curvature of the spine and in an opposite sense in kyphotic curves. The rib cage rotation was generally of lesser magnitude than the vertebra rotation, and the back surface rotation was less than both of these skeletal rotations. Vertebra rotation correlated most closely with lateral deviation of the spine. Simple segmental coupling of axial rotation and lateral bending could not be responsible for this axial rotation.     

The Effects of Ante- and Postnatal Hypoxia on the Central Nervous System and Their Correction with Peptide Hormones

Ante- and postnatal hypoxia significantly worsened the postnatal development of animals. The posthypoxic behavioral model included hyperactivity and decreased learning ability, these being typical manifestations of attention deficit disorder. A peptide constellation prevented and significantly improved posthypoxic postnatal development and eliminated the majority of negative behavioral changes.     

脊柱侧弯后路矫形内固定术的配合与护理

目的探讨脊柱侧弯后路矫形内固定术的配合及护理方法。方法对10例青少年患者行脊柱侧弯后路矫形内固定术,配合医生手术并严密观察病情变化。结果所有患者手术过程顺利,无一例脑脊液漏,脊髓损伤及切口感染等术后并发症发生,术后随访两年脊柱侧弯畸形均得到了明显矫正。结论手术护士熟悉手术步骤,全面掌握各种仪器及器械操作是手术配合成功的关键。完善的术前准备及密切的术中观察是减少脊柱侧弯病人术中并发症的重要因素。     

Fabry''s disease

Fifteen hemizygotes and 30 heterozygotes have been diagnosed since our investigations of Fabry's disease were started 10 years ago. They belong mainly to three Danish families. Genetic counseling and prenatal diagnoses have been performed, and in vitro studies of cultured fibroblasts and endothelial cells have been made with special reference to enzyme therapy.     

序列解剖层片的全局和局部色彩校正

本研究提出了一种全局和局部相结合的序列解剖层片的色彩校正算法。利用数字人层片（中国女婴一号）上提供的彩色灰度卡对相邻层片间各颜色通道的色彩差异进行全局校正，以消除解剖数据集沿垂直方向的光照变化；再利用线性校正模型和差值图像各通道（R、G、B）的灰度局部直方图，对解剖数据集进行局部色彩差异校正。重建结果表明，经过全局和局部色彩校正后，重建视图中的明暗条纹基本消失，说明层片间颜色的不连续现象得到了校正。     

3D打印技术在脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用效果分析

目的探讨3D打印技术在脊柱侧凸矫形中的应用效果。方法 76例脊柱侧凸患者随机分为两组各38例。两组均实施后路小切口微创分期术,对照组行常规CT或X线辅助手术治疗,观察组行术前3D打印技术辅助手术治疗。比较两组的手术效果以及并发症。结果观察组的置钉准确率高于对照组,平均置钉时间短于对照组(P <0.05)。术后,观察组的终末融合后侧凸主侧凸冠状位Cobb角低于对照组,初次平均矫正率高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组的并发症发生率无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论术前应用3D打印技术辅助治疗脊柱侧凸,可有效提升手术效果,更好地恢复脊柱生理弯曲,提高矫形成功率。     

三维节段脊柱内固定系统在脊柱矫形术中的应用

目的评价三维节段脊柱内固定系统在不同脊柱畸形中的应用效果.方法应用三维节段脊柱内固定系统CD、TSRH等治疗脊柱畸形26例,其中特发性侧凸19例,先天性侧凸2例,后凸畸形5例,均以后路矫形自体骨植骨融合.结果所有病例经6～27个月随访,平均10.4个月.侧凸冠状面畸形平均矫正率为61.4%;矢状面后凸术后平均32.5°;旋转畸形平均矫正Ⅰ度,顶椎最大偏距平均矫正率为65.1%;后凸畸形平均矫正率为59.2%.所有病例无脱钩、断棍、感染、骨折以及脊髓神经损伤.结论三维节段脊柱内固定系统不仅可以完成畸形的三维矫正,而且矫正可靠,稳定性高,术后可不用石膏固定.