The measurement of CA 125 and placental protein 14 in uterine flushings in women with recurrent miscarriage; relation to endometrial morphology

The concentrations of CA 125 and placental protein 14 (PP14)were measured in uterine flushings obtained throughout the lutealphase of the cycle from eight normal fertile women. The concentrationsof both proteins increased in a similar pattern throughout theluteal phase of the cycle, with the most dramatic increase occurring6 days after their luteinizing hormone surge (day LH +6). However,a greater variation in CA 125 concentrations was seen comparedto that seen for PP14. The concentrations were compared to thoseobtained on day LH + 7 of the cycle from a group (n equals;35) of women with recurrent miscarriage. The ranges in concentrationof PP14 and CA 125 in the flushings of fertile and recurrentmiscarriage patients were very similar. However, a greater proportionof women with recurrent miscarriage (55%) had low concentrations(<5 ng/ml) of PP14 than in the control group (12.5%) andthe concentrations of PP14 in the uterine flushings were significantlyless (P < 0.05) in women with recurrent miscarriage comparedto the normal fertile group. There was no significant differencein the concentrationof CA 125 in the uterine flushings betweenthe two groups. Histological observation of the endometrialbiopsy samples from recurrent miscarriage patients gave menstrualcycle datings that ranged from day LH +2.5 to LH +6.5 with retardedendometrium (;day LH +5) in 12 of 35 (34%) patients. Of these12 patients, 10 (83%) had low PP14 concentrations and six (50%)had low CA 125 concentrations in their uterine flushings. Inthe recurrent miscarriage patients with histologically normal(sequals; day LH +5) endometrial development, 10 out of 23 (43%)also had low PP14 concentrations and 8 out of 23 (35%) had lowCA 125 in their uterine flushings. The results suggest thatPP14 is better than CA 125 as a marker for endometrial functionin this group of women. In some cases (52%) the low concentrationsof PP14 in the uterine flushings couldbe explained by retardedendometrial development but for the others the reduction inPP14 concentration in the uterine flushing was not associatedwith retardation of endometrial development.     

Microvasculature of regular and irregular areolae of the areola-gland subunit of the porcine placenta: structural and functional aspects

To examine the vasculature of the areola-gland subunit of advanced pig placenta, tissues from ten animals between 43 and 112 days of gestation were prepared for histology and for scanning electron microscopy of vascular corrosion casts from both maternal and fetal sides. Regular areolae, tributary to one gland only, are round with a wide-meshed and smooth subepithelial capillary network on the maternal side, which is similar to the pre-implantative stage and bordered by an abrupt rim towards the interareolar maternal capillary network. On the fetal side, the capillary network follows papillae which protrude into the areolar cavity or converge to form a ring towards the areolar periphery. Irregular areolae, in contrast, have indistinct boundaries and are characterized by two or more gland openings. The maternal capillary network has moderate density and follows the corrugations, whereas the fetal capillary network is basically two-dimensional with some blunt sinusoidal protrusions. Vessel architecture of both areolar types implies facilitated external inflow of blood into the areola on arteriolar as well as on capillary levels, whereas the outflow from the areolar capillaries comprises venules converging into one or two areolar stem veins, and therefore conducts venous blood in a manner different from that of the interareolar region. It is suggested that this arrangement could favour vascular control mechanisms in uterus, placenta and fetus. On the basis of these observations and the discussion, it is suggested that these areolaspecific vessel systems are important for sustaining the characteristic substance transfers in the areola, the secretion, metabolism and absorption, which according to the literature are not the same in the regular as in the irregular areolar type of the porcine areola-gland subunit of the placenta.     

Morphological characterization of different human cervical mucus types using light and scanning electron microscopy

BACKGROUND: This study was conducted on human cervical mucus using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The objective was the morphological characterization of the different mucus types, with samples taken from the lumen of the cervix and from the different secretory zones of the cervical mucosa. METHODS: A total of 230 samples from 195 women were spread out on slides and air dried. The phenomenon of 'ferning' was observed and assessed in these samples using both LM and SEM. Further samples from the lumen of the cervix and the different secretory crypts were spread out on cover slips and fixed with glutaraldehyde (2.5%) to be studied by SEM. RESULTS: The results show the presence of four different morphological mucus types, namely L, S, P and G, in both types of sample using dried and fixed techniques. CONCLUSIONS: Mucus from the lumen of the cervix appears to be a morphologically heterogeneous entity. It contains different types of secretions, the proportions of which vary throughout the menstrual cycle. The different mucosal types show different types of crystallization, different patterns of ultrastructure (probably related to the arrangement of the glycoprotein network) and are produced in different secretory zones of the crypts in the cervix.     

显微镜血细胞形态学检验在发热疾病临床诊断中的应用价值及效果评价

目的:评价在发热疾病临床诊断过程中显微镜血细胞形态学检验的临床应用价值。方法:纳入2019年2月~2020年2月在本院接受发热疾病治疗的48例患者作为观察组,接受常规健康体检者48例作为对照组,所有实验对象均给予显微镜血细胞形态学检验,对其检验结果进行分析与比较。结果:统计与分析后发现,观察组患者除平均红细胞血红蛋白外的血细胞形态学指标与对照组健康体检者存在显著差异,具有统计学意义(P<0.05);同时,与对照组健康体检者相比观察组患者异常细胞、白细胞改变、小细胞贫血、大细胞贫血、异型淋巴细胞改变等血细胞形态异常检出率明显较高(P<0.05)。结论:大多数发热疾病患者会出现血细胞形态学异常变化,因此,实施发热疾病患者临床诊断的过程中可以运用显微镜血细胞形态学检验,以便及时发现患者的病情并给予针对性治疗。     

PTMSP与PMP膜渗透汽化分离性能的研究比较

以聚4－甲基戊烯－1（PMP）为膜材质、分别以环己烷、三氯乙烯以及环己烷／三氯乙烯为溶剂,以浇铸法制备了PMP的均质致密膜。研究了不同溶剂体系的相对溶解能力和挥发速度对PMP膜结晶度和形态结构的影响,并对成膜的渗透汽化特性的影响进行了研究。     

肛提肌的形态学及其功能意义和临床应用

目的：探讨肛提肌表态及其与肛直肠的解剖关系和功能,为腊肠手术预防和治疗肛门失禁提供解剖学参考资料,方法：采用经福尔马林固0定的59具小儿尸体,3例成人盆部标本在3倍放大镜下解剖对照观察,结果：肛提肌是由许多细小的带状肌束分层叠连,自然铺展而成的一整块片状肌,按肌束的层次和肌纤维方向可分上,下两层和三块肌,耻骨尾骨肌和髂骨尾骨肌较薄,位在上层,耻骨直肠肌位在下层,耻骨直肠肌根据基肌纤维方向可分为五部,即会阴体部,肌袢部,联合中纵肌部,肛门外括约肌部和会阴浅横肌部,耻骨直肠肌肌袢部和耻骨尾骨肌肌袢在肛直曲两侧和后方呈内,外重叠关系,结论：肛提肌肌束的排列形式是认识,区别肛周肌群及其相互关系的关键,耻骨直肠肌并非单一肌袢,其会阴体部,肌袢部及联合纵肌部共同牵拉作用于肛管,分别与肛管直肠前,后角的形成和维持有关,临床应用应将前列腺提取及会阴体也纳入重点保护范围内。     

增殖细胞核抗原指数监测激素替代治疗子宫内膜的变化

目的：了解核分裂率与增殖细胞核抗原（PCNA）指数两项指标在监测子宫内膜变化中的作用。方法：选择正常月经周期内增殖期,分泌期,绝经后子宫内膜;观察接受周期性激素替代治疗后子宫内膜中两项指标的变化。结果：显示PCNA指数可敏感,可靠的反映月经周期内子宫内膜的变化。同时也能够反映激素替代治疗中,加用孕激素不同时间子宫内膜的增殖与抑制变化。结论：（1）PCNA指数可反映子宫内膜的增殖与抑制情况。（2）PCNA指数可用于激素替代治疗中对子宫内膜的监测。     

腭裂修复术后患者与正常人群颅颌面形态的比较研究

应用X线头影测量方法对4～7岁时曾接受腭裂修复术的腭裂患者（现年龄为18～25岁）的颅颌面形态进行测量分析,将结果与湖北籍正常人群测量资料比较,结果表明腭裂修复术后患者颅底发育未受影响,面突角显著减少,上颌骨长度显著缩短,下颌角增大,下颌平面陡度增大,腭裂患者在4～7岁时接受手术治疗,至成年时存在不同程度的颅颌面发育畸形。