Combined effects of planning and execution constraints on bimanual task performance

In this study we investigated the relative impact of planning and execution constraints on discrete bimanual task performance. In particular, in a bimanual CD-placement task, we compared people’s preference to end movements comfortably with their preference to move symmetrically. In “Experiment 1” we examined the degree of interlimb coupling as participants repositioned two CDs in a CD rack by simultaneously moving their arms mirror-symmetrically or asymmetrically into comfortable or uncomfortable end postures. Interlimb coupling was stronger when the arms moved symmetrically towards uncomfortable end postures. In “Experiment 2” participants were asked to realize specific end orientations of the CDs but they were free to choose an initial grip type and subsequent direction of forearm rotation. Surprisingly, the participants did not move their arms symmetrically but preferred to end in a comfortable posture with their right hand but not with their left hand. We conclude that in discrete bimanual task performance the tendency to end movements in a comfortable posture dominates over the tendency to synchronously activate homologous muscle pairs. The lateralized end-state comfort effect suggests a hemispheric specialization for motor planning.     

Role of depressive symptoms in early adolescents' online emotional responding to a peer evaluation challenge

Background: Problems regulating emotions effectively (emotion dysregulation) are implicated in many psychological problems. Depression in particular has been increasingly conceptualized as a disorder of emotion regulation. Methods: This study examines the linkage between children's depressive symptoms and the activation and regulation of positive and negative affect in response to an manipulated peer evaluation outcome. Participants (N=142) aged 10–13 played a computer contest (“Survivor”) and were randomized to either a negative (i.e., receiving the lowest “likeability” score from a group of peer judges), a positive (i.e., highest score), or a neutral peer evaluation outcome. Positive and negative affect were assessed at baseline, immediately post‐feedback, and after a 5 min post‐feedback waiting period. Results: No linkage was observed between depressive symptoms and emotional activation in response to either success or failure feedback. Consistent with expectations, we observed a negative linkage between depressive symptoms and children's up‐regulation of positive affect subsequent to receiving negative peer feedback. No such linkage was observed for the maintenance of mood improvement over time. Conclusions: Results suggest that depressive symptoms in children are not linked with deficits or excesses in the overall magnitude of emotional reactivity. However, it appears that elevated depressive symptoms interfere with the ability to swiftly transition out of negative affective states. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

胸部肿瘤患者放疗旋转摆位误差分析

目的 分析量化胸部肿瘤患者放疗旋转摆位误差以及单纯调整平移摆位误差前、后旋转误差的变化.方法 回顾性分析在我院参加"千伏锥形束cT(KVCBCT)在线引导放疗剩余摆位误差研究"患者的锥形束cT图像.选择20例患者入组研究,其中肺癌16例、食管癌2例、胸腺瘤2例,中位年龄61岁(19～80岁).每例患者治疗期间每周行KVCBCT引导放疗分析1次,共分析6次.将20例患者的224幅KVCBCT图像和计划设计CT图像进行离线配准,获取患者旋转摆位误差.患者左右方向的旋转误差为俯仰误差(P_1),头脚方向的为滚动误差(R_1),前后方向的为偏斜误差(Y_1).分析患者单纯调整平移摆位误差前(P_1、R_1、Y_1)与后(P_2、R_2、Y_2)的旋转摆位误差差异以及相关性.结果 胸部肿瘤患者的P_1、R_1、Y_1分别为-0.28°±1.52°、0.21°±0.91°、0.27°±0.78°,其中P_1与R_1、P_1与Y_1均相似(t=-1.44,P=0.158;t=1.44,P=0.158),R_2与Y_2不同(t=2.73,P=0.010).P_2、R_2、Y_2分别为-0.39°±1.40°、0.23°±0.78°、0.22°±0.87°,其中P2与R_2、P_2与Y_2、R_1与Y_1均相似(t=1.73,P=0.092;t=1.66,P=0.106;t=1.72,P=0.093).单纯调整平移摆位误差前后P_1与P_2、R_1与R_2、Y_1与Y_2均相似(t=0.24,P=0.813;t=1.11,P=0.910;t=0.19,P=0.849).无论是单纯调整平移误差前还是后,3个方向间的旋转摆位误差均无相关性(r_1=-0.11,P=0.270;r_2=-0.09,P=0.332).结论 3个方向间的旋转摆位误差均无相关性,单纯调整平移摆位误差前、后旋转误差无变化,但俯仰和偏斜旋转误差的校正需得到重视.     

三维重建胫骨近端模型及其角度参数

目的建立华北地区正常成人胫骨近端三维模型,获得胫骨近端角度参数。方法对62名志愿者115例正常膝关节进行MR矢状位扫描,胫骨近端三维重建后对胫骨内、外侧平台后倾角及胫骨角进行测量,采用SPSS10．0软件对数据进行统计学分析。尸体胫骨扫描后对尸体胫骨进行测量,与三维重建的胫骨近端模型相应角度参数进行比较分析。结果胫骨内侧平台后倾角为11．19°±3．46°（范围：0°～19．31°）,胫骨外侧平台后倾角为8．12°±308°（范围：0°～17．83°）,胫骨平台后倾角的大小与性别、侧别、年龄、身高、体重无相关性,内侧平台后倾角大于外侧。胫骨角为95．82°±2．25°（范围：92．72°～99．13°）,与性别、侧别、年龄、身高、体重无相关性,但随着年龄增大,胫骨角有增大的趋势。尸体胫骨上手工测量与三维重建胫骨近端模型上测量的角度参数的平均误差为0．753°。结论MRI三维重建的胫骨近端模型形态稍有偏差,但可以接受。胫骨近端角度参数个体差异性较大,与西方人比较存在差异性。     

Effects of coordination and manipulation therapy for patients with Parkinson disease

Purpose: To determine the effects of a new exercise training regimen, i.e. coordination and manipulation therapy (CMT), on motor, balance, and cardiac functions in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Materials and methods: We divided 36 PD patients into the CMT (n = 22) and control (n = 14) groups. The patients in the CMT group performed dry-land swimming (imitation of the breaststroke) and paraspinal muscle stretching for 30 min/workday for 1 year. The control subjects did not exercise regularly. The same medication regimen was maintained in both groups during the study. Clinical characteristics, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) scores, Berg balance scale (BBS) scores, mechanical balance measurements, timed up and go (TUG) test, and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared at 0 (baseline), 6, and 12 months. Biochemical test results were compared at 0 and 12 months. The primary outcome was motor ability. The secondary outcome was cardiac function. Results: In the CMT group, UPDRS scores significantly improved, TUG test time and step number significantly decreased, BBS scores significantly increased, and most mechanical balance measurements significantly improved after 1 year of regular exercise therapy (all p < 0.05). In the control group, UPDRS scores significantly deteriorated, TUG test time and step number significantly increased, BBS scores significantly decreased, and most mechanical balance measurements significantly worsened after 1 year (all P < 0.05). LVEF improved in the CMT group only (P = 0.01). Conclusions: This preliminary study suggests that CMT effectively improved mobility disorder, balance, and cardiac function in PD patients over a 1-year period.     

改良小切口法治疗软核白内障的临床效果及安全性分析

目的:探讨改良手法小切口白内障手术治疗软核白内障患者的效果及安全性.方法:选取2015-01/2016-05在本院眼科中心接受手术治疗的软核白内障患者80例109眼,采用随机数字表法分为改良组(改良手法小切口白内障手术治疗)、传统组(传统手法小切口白内障手术治疗)各40例,对比两组患者治疗效果、并发症的发生率.结果:两组患者组间术前和术后1d,1wk,1mo的裸眼视力检测值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1d,1wk,1mo两组患者的裸眼视力与本组术前比较,均显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).两组患者组间术前和术后1d,1wk,1mo的眼压检测值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术后1d,1wk,1mo两组患者的眼压与本组术前比较,均显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);改良组的手术并发症率(9%,5/54)显著低于传统组(25%,14/55),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:改良手法小切口白内障手术治疗软核白内障患者,效果可靠、并发症少.     

Palpatory diagnosis of plagiocephaly

INTRODUCTION: The term plagiocephaly, from the Greek plagios (oblique) and kephalê (head), means distortion of the head, and refers clinically to cranial asymmetry. Cranial Osteopathy, since it was first proposed, has focussed upon the diagnosis and treatment of birth trauma and cranial asymmetries, and consequently specific therapy for plagiocephalic deformities has been described. Osteopathic manipulation also has been proposed as a treatment for torticollis, a condition associated with plagiocephaly. For these reasons, we decided to look at the mechanics of the occipital bone and the adjacent atlas and bones of the cranial base, in relation to functional plagiocephaly. METHODS: The records of 649 children seen in an osteopathic practice in Lyon, France, were reviewed retrospectively, in compliance with the legal requirements of the Commission Nationale de l'Informatique et des Libertés (CRIL) and the Helsinki accord, for gender, age at presentation, birth history, obstetrical data (breech presentation, vacuum extraction, forceps delivery or Caesarean section), presenting complaint, side of posterior plagiocephaly, side of frontal plagiocephaly, torticollis, motion pattern of the occipital bone upon the atlas, and motion pattern of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis. RESULTS: We found significant correlations between plagiocephaly (right/left) and primipara (P=0.024), use of forceps (P=0.055) and extractor suction (P=0.055). Correlations were also found between flattening of the occiput (right/left) and lateral strain of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis (P=0.002) and between plagiocephaly (right/left) and occipito-atlantal motion (P=0.000). CONCLUSION: We found a significant correlation between the lateral strain pattern of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis and plagiocephaly and between rotational dysfunction of the occiput upon the atlas and the side of posterior plagiocephaly. We suggest that thorough neonatal osteopathic examination can identify individuals predisposed to develop posterior plagiocephaly.     

急性卒中后手法治疗对肩手综合征患者P300的影响

摘要 目的：探讨早期手法康复对脑卒中后肩手综合征患者上肢功能改善的影响,同时探讨康复治疗前后患者P300的影响,为脑卒中后改善认知功能的康复机制提供临床依据。 方法：将42例脑卒中后肩痛患者随机分为两组：治疗组25例,治疗手法为对肩、肘、腕、手指诸关节行手法被动运动及定量运动;对照组17例,对患肢仅行良肢位摆放及无规则随意被动活动,两组治疗师选择采用盲法分组,治疗时间均为0.5h/次,2次/d。2个月后比较临床表现,采用Fugl-Meyer评定法评定康复治疗后偏瘫侧上肢的关节活动度和主动运动功能。对疼痛采用目测类比评分法（VAS）评定。对所有患者治疗前后进行事件相关单位（ERP）P300检查。 结果： ①对脑卒中患者予早期手法康复措施,在并发肩痛时,患侧上肢关节活动范围受限程度和疼痛程度均较非手法康复组轻。②经手法康复2个月后,脑卒中后肩痛患者患侧上肢的临床症状、关节活动度和运动功能均有改善（P<0.05）,且手法康复组疗效显著优于非手法康复组。③治疗组手法康复2个月后,P300的潜伏期明显缩短,波幅明显增高（P<0.01）。 结论：早期康复干预可以预防和减轻脑卒中患者肩痛的发生程度,可改善康复期患侧上肢运动,且手法康复更显著改善偏瘫上肢运动功能;同时手法康复可明显改善患者的认知功能。     

心理干预对护生静脉穿刺成功率的影响

[目的]探讨在真人静脉输液实验课中心理干预对护生静脉穿刺成功率的影响.[方法]采取整群抽样原则,选取58名本科护生,随机分为两组,观察组30人,对照组28人,对照组采用传统教学方法,观察组在操作前、中、后对护生进行心理干预.比较两组护生静脉穿刺成功率.[结果]观察组静脉穿刺成功率为86.67%,对照组为60.71%,观察组明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).[结论]通过心理干预可以提高护生静脉穿刺成功率.