膀胱内腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再吻合术五例报告

目的 探讨后腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石治疗肾鹿角状及多发性结石的疗效. 方法肾多发及鹿角状结石患者15例.男9例,女6例.平均年龄40岁.结石直经1.5～3.7 cm.常规用3个穿刺器,建立气腹于腹膜后间隙,紧贴肾盂外膜向肾窦内分离,暴露出肾盏漏斗部,切开取石,输尿管内置入双J管,3-0可吸收线缝合肾盂切口.冲洗、放置引流管.术后3～4 d拔出引流管.2周左右拔出双J管. 结果 15例手术均获成功,平均手术时间170 rain.术后平均住院7 d.随访3～15个月,2例有0.2～0.5 cm结石残留. 结论 后腹腔镜下肾窦内肾盂切开取石提供了微创的新途径,暴露好、出血少、创伤小、恢复快.     

腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的CT诊断

目的:分析腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的CT表现,提高对良、恶性腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的鉴别诊断能力。方法:对23例经手术病理证实的腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的CT征象进行回顾性分析。结果:良性13例、恶性10例。13例良性神经源肿瘤CT大多表现为圆形、类圆形软组织肿块,密度均匀,轮廓光滑,其中神经鞘瘤和节细胞神经瘤可见斑点状钙化。10例恶性神经源性肿瘤,CT显示瘤体大而不规则,混杂密度,边缘不光滑,肿瘤可液化坏死、融合或侵蚀周围组织。CT增强扫描肿瘤表现为均匀或不均匀强化。CT对其良、恶性的诊断符合率为78%,组织类型诊断符合率为60.9%。结论:腹膜后神经源性肿瘤的好发部位有一定特征性,结合CT表现有助于良、恶性的鉴别,但对病理组织类型诊断有局限。     

儿童腔静脉后输尿管的诊断及腹腔镜治疗

目的提高儿童下腔静脉后输尿管的诊治水平。方法回顾性分析2002—2006年我院诊治的6例下腔静脉后输尿管患儿的临床资料。6例患儿均行逆行输尿管造影（RU）或多层螺旋CT三维尿路成像（MSCTU）等检查，特征性影像学表现为输尿管呈倒J形或S形；治疗采用微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术，术中将输尿管切断移到下腔静脉前做输尿管端端吻合术。结果6例患儿均术前确诊。术后3～6个月复查症状消失，B超和IVU示肾积水有不同程度减轻。微创的腹膜后途径腹腔镜下输尿管矫正复位术同传统开放手术相比并不增加手术并发症。结论IVU和RU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管的首选方法；MSCTU是诊断下腔静脉后输尿管最佳的无创性检查方法。输尿管切断复位矫正术是治疗此病较好的手术方法，而腹腔镜治疗腔静脉后输尿管创伤小、美观、恢复快，效果满意，是腔静脉后输尿管有效的微创治疗新手段。     

腹腔镜手术治疗腹膜后纤维化致肾积水的疗效观察

目的:探讨腹腔镜手术治疗腹膜后纤维化致肾积水的疗效.方法:对4例(5侧)腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者,在腹腔镜下利用不同器械对包裹压迫的输尿管逐步进行安全有序的分离、松解,直至输尿管被完全游离出,术前或术中将双J管置入输尿管内,于输尿管后缝合侧后腹膜,使其腹膜内化.其中1例患者通过术中换体位再次进行双侧输尿管松解并腹膜内化,2例患者此前各有一侧输尿管已在开放手术下进行松解治疗.对此2例患者进行自身对照分析.结果:开放手术和腹腔镜手术均能松解腹膜后纤维化引起的输尿管压迫,消除肾积水,促进肾功能恢复.腹腔镜手术创伤小,恢复快,术中出血极少,住院时间短,无手术并发症,但手术时间稍长,费用稍高.结论:腹腔镜手术可以对腹膜后纤维化包裹压迫的输尿管进行良好松解,输尿管留置内支架管并腹膜内化是一种疗效确实、患者易接受的微创治疗方法.     

肾上腺囊肿21例临床分析

目的：提高肾上腺囊肿的诊断和治疗水平。方法：回顾21例。肾上腺囊肿的临床资料和诊治情况，并结合相关文献讨论肾上腺囊肿诊治。结果：21例均行手术切除，其中17例采用后腹腔镜手术，所有患者均正常恢复出院。结论：随着影像学技术的进步。肾上腺囊肿的诊断越来越容易。采用后腹腔镜手术治疗肾上腺囊肿已成为手术治疗肾上腺囊肿的主要方式。     

胆总管取石术后腹膜后脓肿的诊断和治疗

目的 探讨胆囊切除和胆总管取石术后腹膜后脓肿的病因。诊断和治疗方法。方法 回顾性总结了1994-1999年间诊断和治疗胆囊切除和胆道探查取石后腹膜后脓肿3例的过程。结果 3例腹膜后脓肿的发生均与结石嵌顿并膜化于胆总管下端和术中取石操作困难有关，采取手术治疗后2例治愈，1例死亡。结论 及时明确诊断和进行有效引流，是治疗成功的关键。     

腹膜后促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤临床病理研究(附一例报告及文献复习)

目的　探讨促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤的临床病理特征。　方法　报告 1例 11岁促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤患儿的诊治情况 ,复习有关文献。　结果　患儿以腹痛为主诉 ,左腹膜后 9.0cm× 6.0cm× 3 .0cm囊性肿瘤 ,细胞巢周围结缔组织显著增生 ,免疫组化染色CD99( )、EWS/WT1( )。腹膜后肿瘤切除术后联合化疗 ,随访 16个月无肿瘤复发。　结论　促结缔组织增生性小圆细胞瘤有特异的临床病理特征 ,好发于男性青少年。细胞巢周围结缔组织显著增生 ,表达MIC2基因产物CD99及特异的EWS/WT1蛋白 ,手术切除肿瘤联合化疗是治疗的主要方法。     

急性胰腺炎病变及其扩散途径的CT表现

胰腺是位于膜腹后间隙中肾旁前间隙内的器官，急性胰腺炎随着病理过程的发展到腹膜后间隙胰腺邻近或远离胰腺的部位，也可扩散到腹膜腔内，并产生一定的并发症，因此，急性胰腺炎的CT表现是比较复杂和多式多样，为提高急性胰腺炎CT诊断的准确性，我们应该结合解剖基础，熟悉急性胰腺炎病变局部及扩散途径的CT征象，它是诊断急性胰腺炎的重要基础和依据。     

Laparoscopic exploration in the management of retroperitoneal masses.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The isolated finding of a retroperitoneal mass (RM) often represents a diagnostic challenge. Image-guided biopsy is frequently inadequate for diagnosis. With increasing experience, the use of laparoscopy for exploration of an indeterminate RM may provide a minimally invasive alternative to open exploration. Herein, we present a retrospective review of our initial four laparoscopic explorations, comparing our experience to four contemporary open explorations for an RM. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From July 1995 to January 1998, four patients, aged 50 to 62 years old, with an RM of undetermined etiology underwent laparoscopic exploration. Another four patients underwent open exploration at the same hospital. The medical records of these patients were reviewed. RESULTS: The tumors were smaller in the laparoscopic group, averaging 3.7 cm (range 2-6 cm) vs 6.5 cm (range 1-10 cm) in the open group. A definitive diagnosis was obtained for all eight patients. Postoperative complications were observed in one of the laparoscopic explorations, and in three of the open explorations; there was no operative mortality. The blood loss (90 vs 440 ml), fall in hematocrit (5.1 vs 7.8%), time to resumption of a regular diet (3 vs 5 days), amount of morphine sulfate equivalents required for analgesia (128 mg vs 161 mg), time to ambulation (2.3 vs 6 days) and hospital stay (4.8 vs 6 days) were all less among the laparoscopy patients. However, the operative time was longer for the laparoscopic procedure; this time included stent placement and patient repositioning in addition to the time for laparoscopic excision of the mass (7.8 vs 4.3 hours). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic exploration appears to be a viable alternative to open exploration in patients presenting with a retroperitoneal mass. It is as effective as an open procedure and provides benefits with regard to patient morbidity and convalescence. However, operative time for this laparoscopic procedure is lengthy.