多层螺旋CT对继发性附件扭转的综合评估

目的探讨继发性附件扭转的CT特征及其诊断效能,构建继发性附件扭转的评分系统。资料与方法收集经手术证实的伴有附件肿物的继发性附件扭转患者37例,以及伴有腹痛、附件肿物的对照组患者34例,分析继发性附件扭转的CT特征,采用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价其诊断效能,构建继发性附件扭转的综合评分系统(AT-CI)。结果与对照组比较,继发性附件扭转以下CT特征发生率较高,包括肿物壁偏心性增厚(X^2=4.41,P<0.05)、附件出血(X^2=12.68,P<0.001)、肿物-子宫之间团块状结构(X^2=13.62,P<0.001)、旋涡征(X^2=10.71,P<0.05)、附件周围脂肪模糊/腹水(X^2=5.82,P<0.05)。其中肿物-子宫之间团块状结构敏感度及诊断价值最高,为81.1%(ROC曲线下面积0.71),旋涡征特异度最高,为91.2%。ATCI诊断效能优于任意单一CT特征(ROC曲线下面积0.83),评分0~2分继发性附件扭转可能性小,3~4分怀疑继发性附件扭转,评分>4分,则高度怀疑继发性附件扭转且特异度为100%。结论继发性附件扭转具有典型的CT特征,包括肿物壁偏心性增厚、附件出血、肿物-子宫之间团块状结构、旋涡征、肿物周围脂肪模糊/腹水。AT-CI是综合了继发性附件扭转全部CT特征的实用评分系统,提高了继发性附件扭转的诊断准确性。     

Valor de la escala ASPECTS de circulación posterior y del índice puente-mesencéfalo en imágenes de TC sin contraste y angiografía por TC en pacientes con oclusiones de la arteria basilar recanalizados tras trombectomía mecánica

Purpose

Endovascular treatment with mechanical thrombectomy devices demonstrated high recanalization rates but functional outcome did not correlate with high rates of recanalization obtained. Patient selection prior to the endovascular treatment is very important in the final outcome of the patient. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the prognostic value of posterior circulation Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (pc-ASPECTS) and Pons-Midbrain Index (PMI) scores in patients with Basilar Artery Occlusion (BAO) treated with successful angiographic recanalization after mechanical thrombectomy.

角膜电刺激对糖尿病大鼠前部缺血性视神经病变模型的影响

观察并评估角膜电刺激对糖尿病大鼠前部缺血性视神经病变（AION）模型的影响。方法：实验 研究。健康雄性Sparague-Dawley大鼠40只，随机分组后抽出8只作为正常大鼠组。余下32只先予 以链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立糖尿病大鼠模型，将造模成功的大鼠随机抽出8只作为糖尿病组，余下 24只糖尿病大鼠采用孟加拉玫瑰红联合532 nm激光方法建立AION大鼠模型。将24只造模成功的 AION大鼠随机分成3组，每组8只，分别为AION模型组，不予任何处理；电刺激组，予以角膜电刺 激（刺激参数为：电流1 mA，频率20 Hz，波宽1 ms/phase，刺激时间1 h，隔日1次，刺激2周）；假电 刺激组，电极安放位置与电刺激组相同，仅不接通电源。2周后5组大鼠进行眼底照相、光学相干断 层扫描和视觉诱发电位，然后处死，行视网膜及视神经冰冻切片，苏木精伊红染色观察。数据采用 单因素方差分析和LSD-t检验进行分析。结果：正常大鼠组视盘上半部视网膜厚度为（211±13）μm， 糖尿病大鼠组为（206±16）μm，AION模型组为（240±54）μm，假电刺激组为（216±11）μm，电刺 激组为（198±4）μm，5组视盘上半部视网膜厚度差异有统计学意义（F=2.854，P=0.038）。其中AION 模型组视盘上半部视网膜厚度高于正常组、糖尿病组、电刺激组，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）； 正常组与糖尿病组差异无统计学意义，AION模型组与假电刺激组未见明显差异。视觉诱发电位示 AION模型组N1潜伏期较电刺激组延长，差异有统计学意义（t=4.1，P<0.001）；AION模型组P1潜伏 期较正常组、糖尿病组、假电刺激组、电刺激组延长，差异均有统计学意义（t=4.1、2.5、2.6、3.2， P<0.05）；电刺激组N1-P1波幅大于假电刺激组，差异有统计学意义（t=4.0，P<0.001）。结论：角膜电 刺激能促进糖尿病大鼠前部缺血性视神经病变模型肿胀的视盘变薄，加速视盘水肿的消退，同时在 一定程度上改善视功能。     

Abdominal lymph node recurrence from colorectal cancer: Resection should be considered as a curative treatment in patients with controlled disease

BackgroundLymph node recurrences (LNR) from colorectal cancer (CRC) still represent a therapeutic challenge, as standardized recommendations have yet to be established. The aim of this study was to analyze short- and long-term oncological outcomes following resection of LNR from CRC.MethodsAll patients with previously resected CRC who underwent histopathologically confirmed LNR resection in 3 tertiary referral centers between 2010 and 2017 were reviewed. Short- and long-term outcomes were analyzed, mainly recurrence-free and overall survival. Further recurrences following LNR resection were also analyzed.ResultsOverall, 18 patients were included. Primary CRC was left-sided in 16 (89%) patients, staged T3-4 in 15 (83%), N+ in 14 (78%) and presented with synchronous metastases in 8 (43%). Median time interval between primary CRC and LNR resections was 31 months. Performed lymphadenectomies were aortocaval (n = 10), pelvic (n = 7), in hepatic pedicle (n = 3) and mesenteric (n = 1). Four patients had associated liver metastases resection. Three (17%) presented with postoperative complications, of which one Clavien-Dindo 3. Fourteen (78%) patients presented with further recurrences after a mean delay of 9 months, with 36% of patients presenting with early (<6 months) recurrence. Five (36%) patients could undergo secondary recurrence resection and 3 (21%) patients radiotherapy. Median overall survival following LNR resection reached 44 months.ConclusionsCurrent results suggest that LNR resection is feasible and associated with improved survival, in selected patients. Longer time interval between primary CRC resection and LNR occurrence appeared to be a favorable prognostic factor whereas multisite recurrence appeared to be associated with impaired long-term survival.     

原发性骶尾部脊索瘤的CT分型及征象

目的对治疗前原发性骶尾部脊索瘤(PSC)CT图像分型,并分析其CT征象,为诊断和个性化治疗提供依据。方法回顾性分析101例PSC患者治疗前的CT图像,包括肿瘤的部位、范围、大小、密度、肿瘤与邻近结构的关系。按照肿瘤的部位由上及下分为Ⅰ~Ⅳ型,并根据肿瘤侵犯的范围从小到大分为a^d亚型。采用Kruskal-Wallis H检验比较PSC各亚型的占比,并对各亚型之间进行两两比较。采用R×C列联表精确概率检验比较分型和亚型肿瘤钙化的发生率。采用单因素方差分析及LSD-t检验对各分型和亚型肿瘤的大小和密度进行分析、比较。结果101例PSC中,Ⅰ~Ⅳ型的发生率分别为17.8%、30.7%、36.6%、14.9%,a^d亚型的占比分别为9.9%、25.7%、58.4%、5.9%。各亚型的占比差异具有统计学意义(P=0.012)。c亚型明显高于a亚型(P=0.039),d亚型明显低于a亚型(P=0.036),其余各型之间无明显差异。各分型肿瘤内钙化的差异无统计学意义(P=0.233);各亚型肿瘤内钙化的差异有统计学意义(P=0.003),a^d亚型肿瘤钙化的比率逐渐增加。Ⅰ型肿瘤的左右径及上下径明显大于Ⅱ~Ⅳ型(P<0.05)。a亚型与b亚型肿瘤之间前后径的差异无统计学意义(P=0.102),b^d亚型之间前后径的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同亚型肿瘤之间的左右径、上下径之间的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),a亚型径线最小,d亚型径线最大。结论101例PSC中,Ⅱ、Ⅲ型最多见,肿瘤较少累及第一骶骨;各亚型中,a型较少见,c亚型最多见,d亚型最少见。肿瘤的密度与分型无关,肿瘤内钙化与亚型有关。Ⅰ型肿瘤侵犯的范围较Ⅱ~Ⅳ型广泛,a^d亚型肿瘤的径线逐渐增大,CT分型有利于判断肿瘤的范围。PSC诊断延迟现象比较明显,但很少发生远处侵犯和转移。CT图像可对治疗前PSC分型,为诊断和个性化治疗提供依据。     

Outcomes after neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy for cT2-4N0-1 non–small cell lung cancer: A propensity-matched analysis

Objective

Comparative survival between neoadjuvant chemotherapy and adjuvant chemotherapy for patients with cT2-4N0-1M0 non–small cell lung cancer has not been extensively studied.

Atypical Abnormal Pulmonary Vein Drainage with Atrial Septal Defect: Surgical Treatment

Sinus venosus atrial septal defect (SV‐ASD) usually coexists with partial anomalous pulmonary vein connection (PAPVC). It is a difficult diagnosis in transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) due to eccentric position of defects. We present a rare case of atypical anatomical variation in PAPVC, which was never described before. Two right pulmonary veins drained into superior vena cava, which overrode SV‐ASD and interatrial septum, a third pulmonary vein into the right atrium. Complete diagnosis could not be set after TTE, nor transesophageal echocardiography, whereas angio‐CT was finally conclusive. This diagnostic approach allowed the surgical planning.     

Relationship between EMG-detected and ultrasound-detected fasciculations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A prospective cohort study

ObjectivesFasciculation potentials (FP) are an important consideration in the electrophysiological diagnosis of ALS. Muscle ultrasonography (MUS) has a higher sensitivity in detecting fasciculations than electromyography (EMG), while in some cases, it is unable to detect EMG-detected fasciculations. We aimed to investigate the differences of FP between the muscles with and without MUS-detected fasciculations (MUS-fas).MethodsThirty-one consecutive patients with sporadic ALS were prospectively recruited and in those, both needle EMG and MUS were performed. Analyses of the amplitude, duration, and number of phases of EMG-detected FPs were performed for seven muscles per patient, and results were compared between the muscles with and without MUS-fas in the total cohort.ResultsThe mean amplitude and phase number of FP were significantly lower in patients with EMG-detected FP alone (0.39 ± 0.25 mV and 3.21 ± 0.88, respectively) than in those with both FP and MUS-fas (1.22 ± 0.92 mV and 3.74 ± 1.39, respectively; p < 0.0001 and p = 0.017, Welch’s t-test).ConclusionSmall FP may be undetectable with MUS. MUS cannot replace EMG in the diagnostic approach for ALS.SignificanceClinicians should use a combination of EMG and MUS for the detection and quantitative analysis of fasciculation in ALS.