Prognostic evaluation before operative extirpation and radiotherapy of solitary brain metastasis

Summary This is a retrospective study of 134 patients operated on for solitary brain metastasis at the University Hospital in Uppsala, Sweden between 1963 and 1982. All the patients underwent postoperative radiation therapy. A statistical evaluation of different prognostic factors was made in order to create a prognostic model, a so-called risk profile, to be used for future patients. The most important factors for the making of risk profiles were found to be the histological diagnosis followed by the location in the brain, then the state on admission and the age at admission in that declining order. All these variables separately and together,i.e., as risk profiles, were matched against the outcome during survival as Karnofsky's scores and against the length of survival time. The results are shown in a diagram giving the surgeon grounds for his decision-making for or against operation and also for pre-operative information.     

Can the Multidimensional Prognostic Index Improve the Identification of Older Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 Likely to Benefit from Mechanical Ventilation? An Observational,Prospective, Multicenter Study

ObjectiveData on prognostic tools for indicating mechanical ventilation in older people with COVID-19 are still limited. The aim of this research was to evaluate if the Multidimensional Prognostic Index (MPI), based on the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment (CGA), may help physicians in identifying older hospitalized patients affected by COVID-19 who might benefit from mechanical ventilation.DesignLongitudinal, multicenter study.Settings and Participants502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 in 10 European hospitals.MethodsMPI was calculated using 8 different domains typical of the CGA. A propensity score, Cox's regression analysis was used for assessing the impact of mechanical ventilation on rehospitalization/mortality for 90 days' follow-up, stratified by MPI = 0.50. The accuracy of MPI in predicting negative outcomes (ie, rehospitalization/mortality) was assessed using the area under the curve (AUC), and the discrimination with several indexes like the Net Reclassification Improvement (NRI) and the Integrated Discrimination Improvement (IDI).ResultsAmong 502 older people hospitalized for COVID-19 (mean age: 80 years), 152 were treated with mechanical ventilation. In the propensity score analysis, during the 90-day follow-up period, there were 44 rehospitalizations and 95 deaths. Mechanical ventilation in patients with MPI values ≥ 0.50, indicating frailer participants, was associated with a higher risk of rehospitalization/mortality (hazard ratio 1.56, 95% CI 1.09-2.23), whereas in participants with MPI values < 0.50 this association was not significant. The accuracy of the model including age, sex, respiratory parameters, and MPI was good (AUC = 0.783) as confirmed by an NRI of 0.2756 (P < .001) and an IDI of 0.1858 (P < .001), suggesting a good discrimination of the model in predicting negative outcomes.Conclusions and ImplicationsMPI could be useful for better individualizing older people hospitalized by COVID-19 who could benefit from mechanical ventilation.     

机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术的预后风险因素

目的探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜根治性膀胱切除术(RARC)后的预后风险因素。方法回顾性分析南京鼓楼医院2014年12月至2018年12月收治的224例行RARC患者的临床和随访资料,男193例,女31例。平均年龄68(36~92)岁。7例(3.1%)接受新辅助化疗。125例(55.8%)美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)评分>2分。平均体质指数23.4(15.4~35.5)kg/m2。所有患者均行RARC。使用Kaplan-Meier法绘制无复发生存率(RFS)、癌症特异性生存率(CSS)和总生存率(OS)曲线。使用Cox比例风险回归模型评估RARC患者生存结局与围手术期和病理因素的相关性。结果本组224例手术,中位手术时间380(160~670)min。中位术中估计失血量为350(100~1900)ml,72例(32.1%)术中输血。术后T分期分别为≤T1期82例,T2期64例,T3期57例,T4期21例。淋巴结转移49例(21.9%),手术切缘阳性12例(5.4%),伴淋巴脉管侵犯(LVI)82例(36.6%)。术后辅助化疗41例(18.3%)。中位随访时间24(11~60)个月。5年累积OS、RFS和CSS分别为57.15%、48.84%和59.60%。单因素Cox回归分析结果显示T分期(HR=5.764,95%CI 1.926~17.249,P=0.002;HR=4.086,95%CI 1.611~10.364,P=0.003;HR=9.391,95%CI 2.118~41.637,P=0.003)、N分期(HR=6.446,95%CI 3.438~12.087,P<0.001;HR=5.661,95%CI 3.086~10.385,P<0.001;HR=5.980,95%CI 2.982~11.992,P<0.001)、LVI(HR=3.319,95%CI 2.008~5.486,P<0.001;HR=2.894,95%CI 1.782~4.701,P<0.001;HR=3.471,95%CI 2.017~5.974,P<0.001)、ASA评分(HR=2.888,95%CI 1.619~5.150,P<0.001;HR=1.765,95%CI 1.060~2.940,P=0.029;HR=2.612,95%CI 1.424~4.792,P=0.002)、体质指数(HR=0.886,95%CI 0.819~0.957,P=0.002;HR=0.885,95%CI 0.819~0.955,P=0.002;HR=0.862,95%CI 0.792~0.938,P=0.001)、年龄(HR=1.580,95%CI 1.250~1.997,P<0.001;HR=1.362,95%CI 1.088~1.705,P=0.007;HR=1.530,95%CI 1.190~1.968,P=0.001)和术中输血(HR=1.899,95%CI 1.160~3.108,P=0.011;HR=2.218,95%CI 1.371~3.587,P=0.001;HR=2.227,95%CI 1.312~3.782,P=0.003)是OS、RFS和CSS的显著预测因素。多因素Cox回归分析结果显示,T分期(HR=4.506,95%CI 1.433~14.175,P=0.01;HR=3.159,95%CI 1.180~8.454,P=0.022;HR=7.810,95%CI 1.674~36.444,P=0.009),N分期(HR=6.096,95%CI 2.981~12.467,P<0.001;HR=5.368,95%CI 2.683~10.740,P<0.001;HR=5.539,95%CI 2.497~12.288,P<0.001)和ASA评分(HR=6.180,95%CI 2.371~16.110,P<0.001;HR=2.702,95%CI 1.175~6.215,P=0.019;HR=6.471,95%CI 2.290~18.286,P<0.001)分别是OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗(HR=0.434,95%CI 0.202~0.930,P=0.032)是OS的独立预测因素。结论T分期、N分期和ASA评分是RARC术后患者OS、RFS和CSS的独立预测因素,辅助化疗是OS的独立预测因素。     

Multivisceral resection for locally advanced gastric cancer: A retrospective study

BackgroundMultivisceral resection may be the exclusive radical procedure for cT4b gastric cancer patients. However, most surgeons refuse to select surgery because of the theoretical higher mortality, morbidity and poorer prognosis.MethodsWe retrospectively reviewed cT4b gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery from January 1,1997 to December 31,2018. The primary endpoint was overall survival. Short-term results and prognostic values of clinical and pathologic factors were also analyzed.ResultsPatients underwent multivisceral resection had an acceptable mortality and morbidity. The overall 5-year survival rate of multivisceral resection was higher than that of palliative surgery (P < 0.05). And independent prognostic factors of multivisceral resection were R+ resection, extensive lymph node involved (>15), vascular cancer emboli, and postoperative chemotherapy.Conclusions: cT4b gastric cancer patients underwent multivisceral resection experience acceptable mortality and morbidity. The independent prognostic factors for multivisceral resection were completeness of resection, extensive lymph node involvement (>15), vascular cancer emboli, and postoperative chemotherapy.     

术前预后营养指数对 584 例心脏手术后患者急性肾损伤的预测价值

目的评估术前预后营养指数(prognostic nutritional index,PNI)对择期体外循环(cardiopulmonary bypass,CPB)下非冠状动脉旁路移植(coronary artery bypass grafting,CABG)心脏手术后急性肾损伤(acute kidney injury,AKI)的预测价值。方法回顾性分析我院2019年5~9月584例行择期CPB下非CABG心脏手术患者资料,其中男268例(45.9%)、女316例(54.1%),平均年龄(52.1±11.6)岁。平均CPB时间(124.8±50.1)min、平均主动脉阻断时间(86.4±38.9)min。449例(76.9%)为单纯瓣膜手术。运用多因素逻辑回归建立AKI风险预测模型,通过受试者工作特征曲线下面积(AUC)与Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验明确术前PNI、克利夫兰临床评分(Cleveland Clinic Score,CCS)及预测模型对AKI的预测价值。净重新分类指数(net reclassification index,NRI)与AUC变化量用于明确术前PNI对CCS或AKI风险预测模型预测能力的改善情况。结果术前PNI不能有效预测CPB下非CABG心脏手术后AKI的发生(AUC=0.553,95%CI 0.489~0.617,P=0.095),且不能改善其它AKI预测模型的预测作用。本研究所构建的风险预测模型对AKI或严重AKI(2~3级)的发生均具有较高预测价值(AUC=0.741,95%CI 0.686~0.796,P<0.001),明显优于CCS(AUC=0.512,95%CI 0.449~0.576,P=0.703)。结论术前PNI不能有效预测择期CPB下非CABG心脏手术后AKI的发生,且对其它AKI预测模型无改善作用。     

中性粒细胞及血小板与淋巴细胞的比值在食管癌诊断及预后中的研究

目的评估食管癌患者中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比率(NLR)、血小板与淋巴细胞比率(PLR)及其他临床参数与食管癌(EC)的关系,并进一步探讨这些炎症标志物作为EC诊断及预后指标的可能性。方法回顾性分析2015年1月-2019年1月本院106例食管癌患者、40例食管异型增生(ED)患者和102例食管良性肿瘤(BET)患者。根据组织学类型、肿瘤分期和转移将106例EC患者分组。比较全血细胞计数、CEA、CA19-9、CA72-4、CYF21和NSE,计算104例EC患者的预后营养指数(PNI)。同时选取200例健康者作为对照。结果 EC患者的NLR和PLR水平显著高于ED、BET和NC(P <0.001)。ROC分析显示NLR和PLR区分EC与ED和BET的最佳临界值分别为3.07和160.33。升高的NLR和PLR与较高的肿瘤分期和转移相关(P <0.05)。Pearson相关分析表明,NLR和PLR均与PNI呈负相关(r=-0.336,r=-0.443,P <0.001)。结论 NLR和PLR可以区分EC患者与ED和BET患者。NLR和PLR可以用作EC患者的营养状况评估、疾病进展及预后的潜在标志物。     

噬血细胞综合征研究进展

噬血细胞综合征 ( HPS)是 T细胞介导的组织细胞异常增生 ,部分病例已证实 TCRγ或 β基因的单克隆重排。半数病例进展急剧 ,预后不良 ,缺乏特效治疗 ;重症病例早期异基因骨髓移植优于常规化疗或免疫抑制治疗。临床和细胞形态学、组织学与恶性组织细胞增生症 ( MH )十分相似 ,尚缺乏特异鉴别标记。 HPS比 MH多见 ,部分病例常误认为 MH。本文就 HPS有关资料 ,对该病的发病学、临床表现、实验室检查、治疗及转归进行系统复习     

Prognostic factors in the treatment of non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC)

From 1980 to 1990 we treated 107 non-small-cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC) with radiotherapy alone. The study was done to evaluate the prognostic factors in an absolutely negative selected group of patients with regard to the International Union Against Cancer (UICC) classification published in 1987. Patients who had a prior response to neo-adjuvant chemotherapy were excluded from the analysis. Therefore, a negative selection of 98 males and 9 females were treated. All patients were classified retrospectively according to UICC 1987. Nine males and 7 females were stages I and II, respectively. In stage IIIa there were 41 patients, and in stage IIIb 42. A total of 18 patients were staged IV. Results: 5-year overall actuarial survival was approximately 1 %. As main prognostic factor we found the stage of disease. Two-year survival rates in stages I and II were 25 %, in stage IIIa 20 %, in stage IIIb 12 % and in stage IV 0%. The Karnowsky Index (KI) was an important second factor: Patients with a good KI (90–100 %) had a 2-year survival rate of 27 %, and patients with a KI of 70–80 % had a 6.5 % 2-year survival rate. Other prognostic factors were: (1) given total radiation dose, (2) actual response to radiation therapy and (3) normal white blood cell (WBC) count. Leukocytosis is a negative factor for prognosis. We conclude that the stage and, among other factors, the general condition (KI, WBC), are relevant for the prognosis of patients with NSCLC. Correspondence to: M. Busch