BDNF Val66Met allele is associated with reduced hippocampal volume in healthy subjects.

BACKGROUND: A frequent polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) gene (val(66)met) has been suggested to modulate hippocampal neuronal plasticity and has been associated with individual variations in emotional reactivity traits and episodic memory. METHODS: The hippocampal formation was outlined in high-resolution anatomical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data in a sample of 36 healthy volunteers and compared between individuals as a function of the presence of the met-BDNF allele. Both whole-brain volume corrected and uncorrected data were tested for effects of genotype, sex, and age. RESULTS: The met-BDNF allele was associated with an 11% reduction in the volume of the hippocampal formation. CONCLUSIONS: In spite of a relatively small sample size, the presence of the met-BDNF allele was found associated with a reduced volume of the hippocampal formation in healthy volunteers and may represent a vulnerability factor for the development of disease processes associated with the dysfunction of this brain region.     

Determining the Insertion Site for Retrograde Intramedullary Nail Fixation of Tibiotalocalcaneal Arthrodesis: A Radiographic and Intraoperative Anatomical Landmark Analysis

Literature regarding the optimal entry point at the plantar aspect of the heel for performing tibiotalocalcaneal arthrodesis with a locked retrograde intramedullary nail is plentiful, but fails to provide meaningful guidance beyond broad generalizations. Because of the complex nature of the procedure, which requires precise alignment of multiple joints, difficulties in guide-wire placement frequently arise. Furthermore, proper guide-wire placement is usually performed under image intensification, placing the patient, surgeon, and operating room personnel at risk of ionizing radiation. This study evaluates weight-bearing lateral radiographic and anatomical landmarks to determine the optimal guide-wire entry point at the plantar heel fat pad, as well as a prospective intraoperative evaluation of the efficacy of using these landmarks to properly seat the guide wire. Radiographic and anatomical landmark portions of the study revealed that the calcaneocuboid joint was located 18.5+/-3.4 mm anterior to the tibia mid-diaphyseal line, and that the lower leg soft tissue outline approximated the calcaneocuboid joint to within 0.3+/-1.2 mm. The intraoperative portion of the study revealed that by first aligning the guide wire with the lower leg soft tissue outline, which approximated the location of the calcaneocuboid joint, and then translating the wire approximately 2.0 cm posteriorly, the increase in the efficacy of properly seating the guide wire was statistically significant (P相似文献   

磁共振脑表面成像在矢状窦旁脑膜瘤术中应用

目的 探讨磁共振脑表面成像技术在矢状窦旁腩膜瘤手术中的应用价值.方法 分析本院经头颅CT及MRI诊断为矢状窦旁脑膜瘤,利用显微手术技术切除并经病理证实的的22例患者;术前均运用磁共振脑表面成像技术评估与肿瘤关系密切的脑表面回流静脉情况.术中根据成像结果有目的 地保护重要的回流静脉,对比患者手术前后神经功能恢复状况,并进行随访来评价手术效果.结果 22例患者的术前磁共振脑表面成像中脑表面回流静脉与术中所见高度一致.术后患者恢复良好,未出现与静脉损伤相关的并发症.结论 磁共振脑表面成像技术能在术前明确矢状窦旁脑膜瘤与脑表面回流静脉之间关系,可在术前对患者肿瘤表面脑回流静脉做出正确的评估,对脑表面重要回流静脉的保护提供了准确的影像学依据,对患者神经功能的保护及术后恢复起到重要作用.     

乙状窦后经内耳门上人路颞骨岩部切除的量化研究

目的 研究乙状窦后经内耳门上人路(RSSMA)的安全性、可行性. 方法 将成人颅骨标本10例和湿标本18例的颢骨岩部行螺旋CT三维扫描.层厚均为1 mm.按改良乙状窦后人路技术开颅,以不损伤三叉神经、面听神经为原则切除内耳门上结节、岩尖,再在此基础上以显露总脚、水平半规管为下界向侧方磨除颞骨岩部.直到本人路可显露的最侧方点(FLM).采用CT和手工测量相结合.以内耳门的外上唇(SLIAM)作为测量的标志点,测量SLIAM到基底、总脚、前庭的距离,并计算内耳门上结节和岩尖各方向的切除率. 结果 岩尖的切除率按上下径、前后径、左右径递增,分别是(26±6)%、(45±5)%、(72±6)%.内耳门上结节的切除率上下径为(69±10)%,前后径、左右径均为100%.颈内动脉虹吸部段岩尖可切除率是(44±7)%.本人路SLIAM到FLM的距离始终大于SLIAM到前庭、总脚、内耳门基底的距离.SLIAM到FLM、前庭、总脚、内耳门基底距离分别为(17.6±2.0)mm、(10.1±1.4)mm、(10.4±1.5)mm、(10.6±1.1)mm. 结论 RSSMA切除岩尖时不易伤及颈内动脉虹吸部;其最侧方缘始终在前庭、内耳门基底、总脚的外侧,在向侧方扩大切除颞骨岩部时要避免前庭、半规管和总脚的损伤.     

端脑冠状面髓质的侧别差异

目的:进一步研究、充实端脑形态结构两侧不对称的解剖知识;并通过对端脑髓突的不对称性研究,论证通过髓突定位脑回方法可信性和适用性.方法:选取30例成年人正常头颅标本,以过蝶平面延线的垂线为基线行5mm层厚MRI扫描,开颅取脑、染色、制作相应切片.与相应MRI图象对照观察观测髓突的支数、分叉及方向等;对所得资料进行分析并作统计学处理.结果:在冠状层面上,扣带回及视觉区对应的髓突是对称的;除此外,其它脑回对应的髓突都是不对称的;髓突的不对称性主要在于两侧髓突数目大多不相同的髓突和分叉及方向等不对称.结论:通过髓突定位脑回机能区的方法,在端脑的冠状面上同样具有较好的可信性和适用性.     

食指背侧皮瓣的临床应用

通过对右手虎口挛缩以及左拇指皮肤剥脱损伤各一例应用直指背侧皮瓣修复的成功经验,提出该手术的适应症和优点,并重点介绍其应用解剖学和手术方法。     

脾动脉的解剖学观察

对54例我国成人尸体的脾动脉进行观察,结果如下: 1.脾动脉行程位置:观察38例,其动脉全行程在胰上缘者7例,胰后者7例。余24例中在胰上段者16例,胰段者18例,胰前段者22例,脾门段无。 2.脾动脉形态:直型者24例(44.44％),轻曲型22例(40.74％),显著曲型8例(14.81％)。 3.脾动脉起始处:始自腹腔动脉者49例(90.74％),始自腹腔肠系膜上动脉者一例(1.85％),以肝脾共干或胃脾共干始自腹主动脉者各二例(共7.41％)。 4.脾动脉长度及管径:平均长103.00±37.73mm(直型平均长88.25±17.80mm,轻曲型100.63±19.46mm,显著曲型158.50±62.35mm)。管径平均粗5.21±1.21mm,其中显著曲型者平均粗6.21±1.06mm。 5.脾动脉脾支分型:二支型48例(88.88％),三支型4例(7.41％),多支型二例(3.7％)。7例二支型及二例三支型均有上、下极支。有上极支者共19例(35.18％),有下极支者18例(33.33％)。     

喉中间腔区域的薄层横断面解剖学研究

目的 提供中国可视化人体有关喉中间腔区域横断面的形态学资料，并为临床上对喉的影像识别与诊断和喉的外科治疗提供薄层断层解剖学依据。方法 从首例中国可视人数据集中提取喉的前庭裂与声门裂之间断层图像，并观察该区域的解剖结构。结果与结论 断层图像上能清晰显示出软骨、肌、韧带、间隙等解剖结构形态及其相互的毗邻关系；软骨的不对称性骨化、环杓关节的不对称性运动等现象常在正常人群中出现，不一定是某种疾病引起的；并提出了喉中间腔区域内的结构在横断层上的最佳显示层面。     

指屈肌腱腱纽的显微解剖 Ⅰ、腱纽的形态和位置

在手术显微镜镜下,观察了30只手(150个手指)的指屈肌腱腱纽。拇指指屈肌腱腱纽可分为一条腱纽的A型或两条腱纽的B型两类。其它四指的腱纽基本类似。每个手指的腱纽都分为四型。     

A comparison of the distribution of central cholinergic neurons as demonstrated by acetylcholinesterase pharmacohistochemistry and choline acetyltransferase immunohistochemistry

The topographical distribution of cholinergic cell bodies has been studied in the rat brain and spinal cord by choline acetyltransferase (ChAT)-immunohistochemistry and acetylcholinesterase (AChE)-pharmacohistochemistry using diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP). The ChAT-containing cells and the cells that stained intensely for AChE 4-8 hr after DFP were mapped in detail on an atlas of the forebrain (telencephalon, diencephalon) hindbrain (mesencephalon, rhombencephalon) and cervical cord (C2, C6). Striking similarities were observed between ChAT-positive cells and neuronal soma that stained intensely for AChE both in terms of cytoarchitectural characteristics, and with respect to the distribution of the labelled cells in many areas of the central nervous system (CNS). In the forebrain these areas include the caudatoputamen, nucleus accumbens, medial septum, nucleus of the diagonal band, magnocellular preoptic nucleus and nucleus basalis magnocellularis. In contrast, a marked discrepancy was observed in the hypothalamus and ventral thalamus where there were many neurons that stained intensely for AChE, but where there was an absence of ChAT-positive cells. No cholinergic perikarya were detected in the cerebral cortex, hippocampus, amygdala and dorsal diencephalon by either histochemical procedure. In the hindbrain, all the motoneurons constituting the well-established cranial nerve nuclei (III-VII, IX-XII) contained ChAT and exhibited intense staining for AChE. Further, a close correspondence was observed in the distribution of labeled neurons obtained by the two histochemical procedures in the midbrain and pontine tegmentum, including the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus, some areas in the caudal pontine and bulbar reticular formation, and the central gray of the closed medulla oblongata. On the other hand, AChE-intense cells were found in the nucleus raphe magnus, ventral part of gigantocellular reticular nucleus, and flocculus of the cerebellum, where ChAT-positive cells were rarely observed. According to both techniques, no positive cells were seen in the cerebellar nuclei, the pontine nuclei, or the nucleus reticularis tegmenti pontis. Large ventral horn motoneurons and, occasionally, cells in the intermediomedial zone of the cervical cord displayed ChAT-immunoreactivity and intense AChE staining. On the other hand, AChE-intense cells were detected in the dorsal portion of the lateral funiculus, but immunoreactive cells were not found in any portion of the spinal cord white matter.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)