An Unusual Case of a Thrombosed Giant Distal PICA Aneurysm Simulating a Large Cavernous Angioma

A 64-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a one-month history of progressive headache. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed a hemorrhagic mass adjacent to the left inferior cerebellar hemisphere associated with a peripheral rim of signal void. Angiography demonstrated an avascular mass and the provisional diagnosis was a large cavernous angioma in the cerebellum. Intraoperative findings revealed a thrombosed giant aneurysm of the left distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA). We report an unusual case of a completely thrombosed giant aneurysm simulating a large cavernous angioma in the cerebellum. The cerebellar cisternal location of the mass may be a clue for the pre-operative diagnosis of an aneurysm.     

Nitrite reduction at powder microelectrodes

The limiting current of nitrite reduction in acid media is usually controlled by a preceding chemical reaction occurring in a very thin reaction zone. We propose that the apparent current density of this kind of reaction can be effectively enhanced by using a porous electrode and, for analytical purposes, the powder microelectrode (PME) is a convenient version. The apparent limiting current densities of nitrite reduction at the PMEs made from Au and carbon powders are found to be 50 and 100 times larger, respectively, than those obtained with smooth electrodes. For the carbon PME, the current is linear with nitrite concentration spanning five orders of magnitude with a lower detection limit of 4.4 μmol l^?1.     

钢针撬拨近端求远端法复位治疗肱骨外科颈骨折

在骨折的手法复位方面，一般是移动骨折远折端对近折端，即遵照以子求母的复位原则。这一原则在临床上，绝大数情况是行之有效的，但在某些骨折不能达到复位目的。因为这些骨折的主要矛盾在近折端，单纯移动远折端改变不了近折端的移位，只有改变远折端的移位，即以母求子才能顺利复位。肱骨外科颈骨折的手法复位原则便是如此。1990至2002年，采用X线透视下经皮钢针撬拨近端求远端复位、固定的方法，治疗肱骨外科颈骨折48例。均取得满意疗效，报告如下。     

闭合复位空心加压钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折

目的探讨闭合复位空心加压钉固定治疗老年股骨转子间骨折的效果。方法2002年4月～2006年7月对58例老年股骨转子间骨折手术在C形臂X线机定位下采用骨折闭合复位空心加压钉固定。结果手术时间40～70min,平均55min。术中出血量30～40ml,平均35ml。术后住院时间3～10d,平均6.5d。58例骨折端全部愈合。参照股骨转子间骨折疗效评定标准：优28例,良25例,可3例,差2例,优良率91.4%（53/58）。结论闭合复位空心加压钉固定手术治疗老年股骨转子间骨折疗效满意。     

Dysregulation of the Endocannabinoid System in Obesity

An activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in obesity with increased concentrations of endocannabinoids in several tissues and in the circulation is described in this review. This increased availability of endocannabinoids might stimulate cannabinoid receptors in a pathophysiological manner. The successful use of the cannabinoid receptor CB₁ inverse agonists rimonabant and taranabant for weight loss and the treatment of obesity-associated metabolic disorders might well be through blocking this overstimulation of cannabinoid receptors. At present, no single mechanism has been identified that explains the increased bioavailability of endocannabinoids in obesity. Both increased synthesis and decreased degradation appear to operate in a species- and tissue-dependent manner, but many pieces of the puzzle still need to be collected. For example, most data show decreased fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) expression and/or activity as a result of obesity or high-fat intake, but the endocannabinoid predominantly increased in tissues is 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), which is not degraded by FAAH in vivo . Furthermore, the influence of dietary fatty acids on the synthesis of endocannabinoids needs to be studied in much more detail. Although weight loss does not seem to influence activation of the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in human obesity, suggesting an underlying mechanisms independent of body weight, no such mechanism at the genetic level has yet been identified either. Thus, activation of the ECS is a hallmark of abdominal obesity, and explains the success of pharmacological CB₁ blockade, but serious attempts have to be made to clarify the underlying mechanisms of this activation.     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带及有限切开重建外侧副韧带

目的探讨后交叉韧带、外侧副韧带同时损伤后,应用LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建后交叉韧带并同时有限切开重建外侧副韧带的手术方法。方法8例关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带同时有限切开LARS人工韧带重建外侧副韧带。术后随访6~29个月,采用国际膝关节委员会韧带标准评价表(IKDC)和Lysholm膝关节功能评分表评估患膝功能。结果术后无膝关节感染发生,无伸膝受限,屈膝活动度115~125°,术后随访时IKDC评分:8例均为A类,患者术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分平均为60分以下,终末随访时为平均91·5分。结论膝关节后交叉韧带、外侧副韧带同时损伤,较为少见,采用自体或异体移植物等方法重建创伤大,移植物来源有限,术后并发症多,膝关节术后不能达到即时稳定,易导致术后再次发生膝关节不稳。而应用LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建后交叉韧带,同时重建外侧副韧带,术后膝关节可获得即时稳定,利于膝关节早期活动,避免相关并发症的发生,临床疗效满意。     

Bilateral breast reduction for symmastia associated with chronic skin infection

Summary Medial confluence of the breasts, or symmastia, is probably not a rare entity, despite the paucity of the literature on the subject. It causes aesthetic disfigurement and problems with apparel and, in the case presented, was associated with chronic furunculosis or multiple pilonidal sinuses. Both problems were satisfactorily dealt with by means of a modified bipedicled vertical dermal flap technique with excision of the central part of the chest wall, where the skin lesions were present. The result was cosmetically acceptable.     

关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱一期重建膝关节前后交叉韧带

目的 探讨关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带的近期临床效果.方法 对2004年6月～2005年3月收治的10例膝关节前后交叉韧带同时断裂的患者,切取双侧腘绳肌腱,2条半腱肌腱和2条股薄肌腱分别对折成四束,折端固定同直径EndoPearl.关节镜下利用两组移植物同时分别重建膝前后交叉韧带.股骨端应用可吸收界面螺钉顶压固定EndoPearl与移植肌腱,胫骨端应用Intrafix固定四束肌腱.结果 10例均获得随访,平均7.5个月(6～15个月),切口Ⅰ期愈合,无感染.其中新鲜损伤4例,陈旧性损伤6例,合并后外侧复合体损伤3例,均予同期修复,合并内侧副韧损伤6例,未予特殊处理,5例曾急诊修复腘动静脉.术后3个月膝关节活动范围均超过120°,无伸膝受限,后抽屉试验Ⅰ度阳性2例,其余为阴性;Lyshlom评分(92.6±3.2)分.结论 关节镜下应用EndoPearl与Intrafix固定双侧腘绳肌肌腱同时重建膝关节前后交叉韧带方法确切,可有效恢复膝关节功能.