腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位症囊肿剥除术中三种不同止血方法对卵巢储备功能的影响

目的：探讨腹腔镜卵巢子宫内膜异位症囊肿（OEMC）剥除术中三种不同止血方法对卵巢储备功能的影响。方法选取2009年10月至2013年10月收治的 OEMC 患者150例,均行腹腔镜 OEMC 剥除术。采用随机数字表法分为电凝组（采用双极电凝止血）、超声刀组（采用超声刀止血）和缝合组（采用缝合法止血）。分别于术前及术后第1、3、6、12次月经周期第3 d 检测血清卵泡刺激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、雌二醇（E2）及抗苗勒管激素（AMH）水平;阴道超声检测卵巢窦状卵泡数（F0）和卵巢基质动脉血流收缩期峰值（PSV）。结果①三组患者术前的血清 FSH、LH、E2、AMH、F0、PSV 水平比较差异无统计学意义（ P >0.05）。②术后1、3、6、12次月经周期时,三组的 FSH、E2水平均高于术前,电凝组和超声刀组 FSH、E2水平均明显高于缝合组,LH 和 AMH 明显低于术前,电凝组和超声刀组明显低于缝合组,差异具有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。③术后1、3、6、12次月经周期时,三组的 F0、PSV 水平均低于术前,电凝组和超声刀组 F0、PSV 明显低于缝合组,差异具有统计学意义（ P <0.05）。结论腹腔镜 OEMC 剥除术中采用电凝及超声刀等烧灼方式止血会导致卵巢储备功能下降,而缝合法止血可以对卵巢储备功能起到保护作用,推荐缝合法止血。     

Co‐existence of Echinococcus granulosus infection and cancer metastasis in the liver correlates with reduced Th1 immune responses

A possible relationship between cancer and Echinococcus granulosus infection has been postulated. As T cells are critical players in immune responses against both infections and malignancies, in an experimental model of secondary echinococcosis and breast cancer, this study aims to observe the progression of cancer and to determine the characters of T‐cell responses. 4T1 breast tumour cells were subcutaneously injected into mammary region, whereas protoscoleces were intraperitoneally inoculated into the mice. Hydatid cysts, tumours and metastases were determined with macroscopic and histopathological evaluation. T cells found in spleen, liver and tumour were characterised by flow cytometric analysis of CD3, CD4, CD8, CD25, CCR5, CCR3, IL‐4 and IFN‐γ. In the mice inoculated both with protoscoleces and with breast tumour cells, increased frequency of cancer metastasis was observed in the liver. The amount of CD4⁺ T cells was increased in the liver and in the spleen of mice infected with E. granulosus. However, co‐existence of echinococcosis and metastatic lesions in the liver was associated with significant reduction in the IFN‐γ⁺ and CCR5⁺ Th1 cells and increase in the CD25⁺ T cells. Our results may indicate an immunological link between cystic echinococcosis and cancer that allows tumour metastasis to flourish in the liver.     

Diagnosis and management of cystic lesions of the pancreas

Pancreatic cystic lesions (PCLs) are being increasingly identified in recent years. They show a wide spectrum of imaging and clinical features. The diagnosis and discrimination of these lesions are very important because of the risk for concurrent or later development of malignancy. PCLs are usually first diagnosed and characterized by conventional imaging modalities such as trans-abdominal ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, their ability to differentiate the benign and malignant lesions remains limited. Endoscopic US may be more helpful for the diagnosis and differentiation of PCLs because of its high resolution and better imaging characteristics than cross-sectional imaging modalities. It also allows for fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of cystic lesions for biochemical, cytological and DNA analysis that might be further helpful for diagnosis and differentiation. The management options of PCLs are to observe, endoscopic treatment or surgical resection. However, the decision for management is sometimes hampered by limitations in current diagnostic and tissue sampling techniques. As further diagnostic and non-invasive management options become available, clinical decision-making will become much easier for these lesions.     

Volumetric analysis of keratocystic odontogenic tumors and non-neoplastic jaw cysts – Comparison and its clinical relevance

The keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) is capable of causing vast osseous destruction. Histopathological examination is pivotal for diagnosis. The diagnostic process can sometimes be hindered by tissue inflammation of KCOTs with loss of defining criteria, resulting in misdiagnosis as an odontogenic jaw cyst. We discuss the possible merits of volumetric analysis when facing this particular diagnostic dilemma and for pathophysiological characterization of KCOTs. We included 114 patients, of whom 27 were histopathologically diagnosed with a KCOT and 87 with dentigerous (n = 41) and periapical cyst (n = 46). Semiautomatic segmentation and radiological analysis of preoperative cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) image data was carried out using ITK-SNAP. The mean volumetric extent of KCOTs is significantly higher compared to non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts (p = 0.001). The mean volume and standard deviation for KCOTs and non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts was 10381 mm³ ± 6410 and 5813 mm³ ± 4425, respectively. Volumetric analysis reveals that KCOTs significantly exceed the mean size of non-neoplastic odontogenic jaw cysts, adding an argument in favor of the neoplastic nature of KCOTs. In the case of difficult histopathological examination, lesions with a size exceeding a value of about 3000 mm³ could be considered for close clinico-radiologic follow-up.     

T2 weighted MRI for assessing renal lesions in transgenic mouse models of tuberous sclerosis

Objective

Transgenic mouse models of tuberous sclerosis (TSC) develop renal cysts, cystadenomas, solid adenomas and carcinomas. Identification and characterisation of these lesions in vivo may help in TSC pre-clinical trials. This study was to evaluate T2 weighted MRI for assessment of renal lesions in two Tsc mouse models.

Materials and Methods

Tsc1^+/−, Tsc2^+/− and wild type mice were subjected to a first MRI scan at 12 months of age and a second scan 2 months later. One Tsc2^+/− mouse was treated with rapamycin for two months after the initial scan. Immediately following the second scan, mice were sacrificed and MRI images were compared to renal histological findings.

Results

MRI identified all types of Tsc-associated renal lesions in both Tsc1^+/− and Tsc2^+/− mice. The smallest detectable lesions were <0.1 mm³. Eighty three percent of all renal lesions detected in the first scan were re-identified in the second scan. By MRI, these lesions demonstrated significant growth in the 9 untreated Tsc1^+/− and Tsc2^+/− mice but shrinkage in the rapamycin treated Tsc2^+/− mouse. Between the two scans, MRI also revealed significant increase in both the total number and volume of lesions in untreated mice and decrease in the rapamycin treated mouse, respectively. In comparison to histological analysis MRI detected most cysts and cystadenomas (66%) but only a minority of solid tumours (29%).

Conclusion

These results suggest that T2 weighted MRI may be a useful tool for assessing some renal lesions in pre-clinical studies using Tsc mouse models. However, improved sensitivity for T2 weighted MRI is required, particularly for solid renal lesions.     

异位支气管囊肿的CT、MRI表现(附19例报告并文献复习)

目的探讨异位支气管囊肿的CT及MRI表现。资料与方法回顾性分析19例经手术及病理证实的异位支气管囊肿患者资料,讨论并复习其CT及MRI表现。结果椎管内8例,颈部3例,颅内3例,皮下组织2例,左侧肾上腺区、腹膜后及蝶窦内各1例。病变多为类圆形及椭圆形,偶有分叶,边界清楚,在CT像上呈较高密度影或囊性密度影,在MRI上呈长T1、长T2信号或双高信号,均无强化。异位支气管囊肿可继发感染并伴有先天畸形或肿瘤。结论异位支气管囊肿发病部位及临床表现缺乏特异性,CT及MRI有助于病变定位,明确病变性质,但要发现其支气管来源需依靠病理。     

BosniakⅠ型肾囊性病变发生癌变的诊治经验(附5例报告)

目的:总结BosniakⅠ型肾囊性占位病变发生癌变的诊治经验。方法:回顾性分析5例BosniakⅠ型肾囊性恶性病变的B超、CT、病理特征、治疗方法和随访结果:男3例,女2例;年龄42～72岁,平均54岁。患侧腰酸1例,体检发现4例。囊腔直径5.5～8.0cm。术前B超及CT均诊断为肾囊肿。结果:5例均行腹腔镜下肾囊肿去顶术,术后病理检查诊断为透明细胞癌,再次行根治性肾切除术。5例随访6～33个月,4例无瘤存活,1例因心血管疾病死亡。结论:重视BosniakⅠ型肾囊性病变的影像学和病理学特征,术中行冷冻切片病理检查是提高BosniakⅠ型囊性肾癌诊治水平的关键。     

左肾上腺区特殊囊性占位病变的诊治——附胃重复囊肿二例报告

目的 探讨左侧肾上腺区特殊囊性占位病变的鉴别诊断,提高对胃重复囊肿临床病理特点及诊治的认识. 方法 2010年4月和2011年8月分别收治左侧肾上腺区特殊囊性占位病变1例,均为男性,年龄分别为28及42岁.患者均无特殊临床表现.超声及CT检查提示左肾上腺区囊肿,囊壁较厚且与胃大弯侧胃壁粘连.病变大小分别为5 cm×6 cm×7 cm及8 cm×12 cm×13 cm,囊内有分隔,动脉期无明显强化.术前诊断为左侧肾上腺区域囊性占位病变(肾上腺囊肿伴出血或感染).2例均施行后腹腔镜下囊肿切除术.结合文献分析囊肿临床病理特征及影像学表现.结果2例手术顺利.术中明确囊肿紧邻左肾上腺且部分囊壁与胃大弯侧胃壁粘连紧密,但并不与胃腔相通.病理证实为胃重复囊肿.2例分别随访8个月及2年,左肾上腺区均未见囊肿复发,胃镜检查未见异常. 结论 成人胃重复囊肿临床罕见,术前确诊困难,超声及CT检查对定位、定性诊断具有一定价值;内镜超声及其引导下细针穿刺活检有望确诊.应纳入左侧肾上腺区囊性病变的鉴别诊断之列.本病有潜在恶变性,腹腔镜手术切除是主要的微创治疗方法.     

关节镜下后侧入路治疗腘窝囊肿

[目的]评价关节镜下后侧入路治疗腘窝囊肿的临床疗效及其与传统开放手术的比较.[方法]将40例腘窝囊肿患者分为两组:A组21例,关节镜下后侧入路治疗,按Rauschning和Lindgren腘窝囊肿分级法Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级10例;B组19例,传统开放手术治疗,Ⅰ级2例,Ⅱ级9例,Ⅲ级8例.记录并比较两组手术切口长度、囊肿复发率、恢复至0～Ⅰ级的好转率.[结果]患者均获得8 ～18个月随访,平均(12.7±2.4)个月.A组手术切口长度(1.3±0.2) cm,显著低于B组(6.1±0.5) cm(P＜0.05);A组术后复发率9.5％,B组10.5％,两组间无显著差异(P＞0.05);A组术后好转率为90.5％,B组89.5％,两组间无显著差异(P＞0.05).[结论]关节镜下后侧入路治疗腘窝囊肿疗效令人满意,相比传统开放手术具有创伤小、恢复快的优势.