Apport des panneaux Vichy dans l’acquisition de la station assise depuis son utilisation au CAMSP en 2011

The seated position is achieved by the integration of sensory systems and the use of muscle chains to ensure balance and maintenance of the posture against gravity. This position frees the mobility of the upper limbs. Based on the work of Prof. A. Büllinger and his colleagues, which explores the function of sensory flows, particularly peripheral visual flows, in the tonicopostural development of the child, we sought to highlight the importance of the sensory support with which the child with a neuromotor disorder readjusts himself and straightens his back. In a first experiment of specific therapeutic education with gingham panels, we found an immediate, but not permanent, effect of postural straightening when the child is surrounded by these panels, and a long-term effect when they are integrated in the child's physical therapy over a given period. The conclusions drawn from this experiment led us to use gingham panels as a complementary tool in neuromotor therapy within the CAMSP.     

减小后牙▉平面倾斜度对安氏Ⅱ类高角畸形髁突位置影响的研究

目的: 研究在安氏Ⅱ类高角畸形正畸治疗中,减小后牙平面倾斜度对髁突位置的影响。方法: 15例安氏Ⅱ类高角畸形患者,年龄15~30岁。治疗前ANB>5°,下颌平面角FH-MP>32°,磨牙关系为双侧远中关系。常规排齐整平及适当扩弓后,利用多曲唇弓导下颌向前,并使后牙平面平坦化。利用锥形束CT（cone-beam CT,CBCT）测量治疗前、后颞下颌关节前、上、后间隙及后牙平面的改变情况。采用SPSS19软件包对变化量进行t检验;并利用相关性分析,进一步探讨髁突位置改变量与后牙平面倾斜度减小量之间的相关性。结果: 所有患者磨牙尖牙关系均调整到中性,侧貌改善明显,髁突后间隙平均增加(0.88±0.17)mm,变化有统计学意义(P<0.001);髁突上间隙平均增加(0.45±0.20)mm,变化也具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。后牙平面变平坦,POP-SN及POP-FH平均减小3.59°±2.31°及2.31°±3.62°,变化具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。髁突前间隙变化量无统计学意义,髁突位置改变量与后牙平面倾角的变化量之间无显著相关性。结论: 在安氏Ⅱ类高角畸形患者的正畸治疗中,通过正畸减小后牙平面倾斜度,可使髁突的位置发生适当的前下改变,有利于关节症状的改善。     

腰麻术后患者去枕平卧和垫枕自由卧位效果比较

目的 探讨蛛网膜下腔麻醉(腰麻)患者术后垫枕自由卧位的可行性。 方法 将200例腰麻术后患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组100例,观察组术后采取垫枕自由卧位,对照组术后采取常规去枕平卧位6h。结果 2组均未发生头痛;观察组不舒适率、皮肤受压及腰背酸痛发生率均低于对照组(χ²=67.307,P<0.001; χ²=7.446,P=0.006; χ²=42.017,P<0.001)。2组生命体征比较,差异无统计学意义。 结论 腰麻术后患者若无特殊医嘱或麻醉师交班时有明确要求,可予垫枕自由卧位,有利于提高患者舒适度,防止术后并发症的发生。     

不同体位PICC置管术导管异位情况的观察分析

目的 拟探讨不同的体位配合歪头动作置管术后导管异位的发生情况,以期选择出适合的体位,提高置管成功率.方法 将155例置管的患者随机分为平卧位组55例、半卧位组49例、坐立位组51例,均采用标准的PICC置管方法.平卧位组患者取平枕仰卧位,半卧位组患者取床头抬高约30°,坐立位组患者取坐位90°,置管后均拍X线胸部正位片,确定导管尖端位置,比较3组间的导管异位的发生情况.结果 共有11例患者发生导管异位,其中半卧位组8例占16.3％,平卧位组2例占3.6％,坐立位组1例占1.9％,半卧位组与其他2组导管异位发生率比较差异显著.结论 PICC置管术中患者取平卧位是最佳选择,只有当患者伴有呼吸困难或导管异位需要调整时采用坐立位,不推荐床头抬高30°的半卧位体位.     

一种基于单连通性的直线段消除算法

在表格图像分析过程中,直线段消除是一个重要的预处理内容.以前的图像处理大多利用基于Hough变换的直线检测算法等进行检测与消除,但这些算法没有利用表格直线的特有性质,造成计算代价大且效率低。鉴于此,本文提出了一种基于单连通性的直线段消除算法,给出了实现过程并分析了该算法的性能,最后,对该算法的进一步改进提出一些思考。     

影响药物流产失败的相关因素调查

目的对药物流产失败的相关因素进行调查和分析，旨在为提高药物流产的成功率提供进一步的指导依据。方法对我所诊治的1800例行药物流产的患者根据年龄、孕龄、孕囊直径、子宫位置、有无剖宫产史进行分组比较各组的流产失败率。结果本组入选的1800例药物流产患者中，发生药物流产失败者共142例，流产失败率为7．89％。其中年龄≥35岁，孕龄〉42d，孕囊直径≥20mm，子宫处于后倾、前倾及后屈位以及有剖宫产史组患者的流产失败率明显高于相应的对照指标组（P〈0．05）。结论重视孕妇的年龄、孕龄、既往分娩方式、子宫位置、孕囊大小等相关影响药物流产失败的因素，才更有利于降低药物流产的失败率。     

改良“三位一体”防护法预防脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中压力性损伤的效果

目的探讨改良“三位一体”防护法预防脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中压力性损伤(PI)的效果。方法选择行脊柱机器人椎间融合器植入植骨融合手术患者61例,随机分为观察组31例和对照组30例。观察组采用改良“三位一体”防护法,即联合使用石蜡油、经亲水助剂处理后的熔喷无纺布及硅凝胶垫;对照组采用常规方法,即联合使用液体敷料、泡沫敷料及硅凝胶垫。比较2组患者术后皮肤受压情况(包括皮肤压痕、红斑、水疱、破损等)。结果观察组头面部、左侧髋部、右侧髋部的PI发生率低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组黏胶性皮肤损伤发生率为0,低于对照组的16.67%(5/30),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论脊柱机器人俯卧位手术中应用改良“三位一体”防护法能显著降低PI、黏胶性皮肤损伤发生率。     

Biomechanical effect of the configuration of screw hole style on locking plate fixation in proximal humerus fracture with a simulated gap: A finite element analysis

BackgroundLocking plate fixation for proximal humeral fractures is a commonly used device. Recently, plate breakages were continuously reported that the implants all have a mixture of holes allowing placement of both locking and non-locking screws (so-called combi plates). In commercialized proximal humeral plates, there still are two screw hole styles included “locking and dynamic holes separated” and “locking hole only” configurations. It is important to understand the biomechanical effect of different screw hole style on the stress distribution in bone plate.MethodsFinite element method was employed to conduct a computational investigation. Three proximal humeral plate models with different screw hole configurations were reconstructed depended upon an identical commercialized implant. A three-dimensional model of a humerus was created using process of thresholding based on the grayscale values of the CT scanning of an intact humerus. A “virtual” subcapital osteotomy was performed. Simulations were performed under an increasing axial load. The von Mises stresses around the screw holes of the plate shaft, the construct stiffness and the directional displacement within the fracture gap were calculated for comparison.ResultsThe mean value of the peak von Mises stresses around the screw holes in the plate shaft was the highest for combi hole design while it was smallest for the locking and dynamic holes separated design. The stiffness of the plate-bone construct was 15% higher in the locking screw only design (132.6 N/mm) compared with the combi design (115.0 N/mm), and it was 4% higher than the combi design for the locking and dynamic holes separated design (119.5 N/mm). The displacement within the fracture gap was greatest in the combi hole design, whereas it was smallest for the locking hole only design.ConclusionsThe computed results provide a possible explanation for the breakages of combi plates revealed in clinical reports. The locking and dynamic holes separated design may be a better configuration to reduce the risk of plate fracture.