Strategies for Noncontained Lumbar Disc Herniation by an Endoscopic Approach : Transforaminal Suprapedicular Approach, Semi-Rigid Flexible Curved Probe, and 3-Dimensional Reconstruction CT with Discogram

Objective

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of a transforaminal suprapedicular approach, semi-rigid flexible curved probe, and 3-dimensional reconstruction computed tomography (3D-CT) with discogram in the endoscopic treatment of non-contained lumbar disc herniations.

Methods

The subjects were 153 patients with difficult, non-contained lumbar disc herniations undergoing endoscopic treatment. The types of herniation were as follows : extraforaminal, 17 patients; foraminal, 21 patients; high grade migration, 59 patients; and high canal compromise, 56 patients. To overcome the difficulties in endoscopic treatment, the anatomic structures were analyzed by 3D reconstruction CT and the high grade disc was extracted using a semi-rigid flexible curved probe and a transforaminal suprapedicular approach.

Results

The mean follow-up was 18.3 months. The mean visual analogue scale (VAS) of the patients prior to surgery was 9.48, and the mean postoperative VAS was 1.63. According to Macnab''s criteria, 145 patients had excellent and good results, and thus satisfactory results were obtained in 94.77% cases.

Conclusion

In a posterolateral endoscopic lumbar discectomy, the difficult, non-contained disc is considered to be the most important factor impeding the success of surgery. By applying a semi-rigid flexible curved probe and using a transforaminal suprapedicular approach, good surgical results can be obtained, even in high grade, non-contained disc herniations.     

后路微创经皮内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床研究

目的探讨后路微创经皮Sextent系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效。方法应用经皮Sextent系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折10例,与对照组相比,观察手术时间、出血量、椎体复位情况、术后腰背痛,评价临床疗效。结果所有病例皆顺利完成手术,平均手术时间110min、平均出血量130ml、所有病例椎体复位满意,塌陷基本恢复正常,无神经损伤等并发症,术后随访6～24个月,未出现螺钉松动、神经损伤等并发症。结论后路微创经皮Sextent系统内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折具有创伤小、出血少、住院时间短、恢复快、并发症少等优点,临床疗效满意。     

超声介导下经皮肾造瘘治疗肾积水197例的临床观察

目的 观察超声介导下肾穿刺造瘘术在泌尿系结石导致尿路梗阻的临床疗效.方法 将因泌尿系结石导致肾积水（单侧或双侧）合并肾功能不全患者共197例,在未行手术并留置双J管内引流前予肾穿刺造瘘术.术前及术后1周检查患者肾功能,观察尿量变化.结果 与肾造瘘前比较,肾造瘘后Scr,BUN,UA明显降低,而尿量明显增加（P〈0.01）.结论 超声介导下肾积水造瘘术能安全有效地解除尿路梗阻,减轻肾脏囊内压,保持患者尿量,有效保护患者肾功能,显著降低肾功能衰竭患者Scr、BUN和UA.经皮肾造瘘是治疗结石所致肾积水的较好的方法.     

经皮椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的临床疗效.方法 对120例（145个椎体）老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折患者行经皮椎体成形术治疗,观察术后疼痛缓解情况,术前和术后3 d、1个月、3个月应用10分制视觉模拟评分（VAS）对患者疼痛进行评价.结果 所有患者均获3个月随访,100例患者疼痛完全缓解（CR）,15例患者部分缓解（PR）,5例无缓解,有效率为95.83%（CR＋PR/总例数）.术前与术后各时间段比较,视觉模拟评分差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,但术后各时间段差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）.结论 经皮椎体成形术具有显著的临床止痛效果和创伤小的优点,是治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折安全有效的治疗方法.     

水溶性氮酮对斑马鱼胚胎药物渗透及致畸性作用的影响

目的 研究水溶性氮酮对白藜芦醇透过斑马鱼胚胎性能与斑马鱼致畸性的影响.方法 利用对斑马鱼胚胎发育致畸作用,考察氮酮在斑马鱼筛选模型上的适用性,确定氮酮的使用剂量;利用氮酮的透皮促进作用,观察对白藜芦醇抑制斑马鱼节间血流的影响.结果 在0.01～0.5μg/ml范围内氮酮对斑马鱼较安全,0.5μg/ml溶性氮酮可显著促进斑马鱼对白藜芦醇的透过,斑马鱼节间血管的抑制率达到了22.9%.结论 浓度高于0.5 μg/ml的水溶性氮酮对斑马鱼胚胎的发育有明显致畸作用;0.5μg/ml的氮酮对白藜芦醇的斑马鱼胚胎透过效果最佳.     

急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中无复流的防治进展

急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死的急诊冠状动脉介入治疗是最有效的再灌注治疗措施和首选的治疗策略,但术中元复流现象的发生会导致左心室功能下降、病死率增高,明显影响急诊冠状动脉介入治疗效果及临床预后。该文就急诊冠状动脉介入治疗中元复流的防治进展作一综述。     

急性STEMI应用ThrombusterⅡ抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效观察

目的 观察对急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死（STEMI）患者行直接经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）手术中应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内注射替罗非班的疗效.方法 选择因STEMI行直接PCI并于术中应用Thrombuster Ⅱ血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内推注替罗非班的患者65例作为治疗组,以基础临床资料和冠状动脉影像特征相似并单纯行直接PCI的60例患者作为对照组,观察临床疗效.结果 治疗组在TIMI 3级血流、校正TIMI帧数、术后2 h ST段回落程度、酶峰值和峰值时间以及梗死相关血管（IRA）无复流发生率均优于对照组（P＜0.05或 0.01）.治疗组术后3个月左心室射血分数（LVEF）、左心室舒张末径（LVEDd）、左心室收缩末径（LVESd）及主要不良心血管事件（MACE,包括死亡、再梗死、再次靶血管重建）的发生率少于对照组（P＜0.05）,而术后1周时两组差异无统计学意义（P ＞0.05）.结论 STEMI患者行直接PCI过程中应用血栓抽吸导管联合冠状动脉内推注替罗非班可减少无复流的发生,改善心肌再灌注水平及左心室功能.     

血浆脑钠肽水平在中危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征早期介入治疗中的价值

目的探讨早期血浆脑钠肽（BNP）水平在中危非ST段抬高急性冠状动脉综合征（NSTE—ACS）治疗方案选择中的指导价值。方法选取129例中危NSTE—ACS患者,根据BNP水平和症状发作至行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗（PCI）的时间分为4组：BNP值≥80ng／dl、症状发作至行PCI的时间≥48h为组1。共31例：BNP值≥80ng／dl、症状发作至行PCI的时间〈48h,为组2。共33例;BNP值〈80ng／dl、症状发作至行PCI的时间≥48h为组3,共32例;BNP值〈80ng／dl、症状发作至行PCI的时间〈48h为组4,共33例。检查介入治疗术前和术后1年超声心动图指标,包括左室舒张末期内径（LVDD）、左室收缩末期内径（LVDS）、左室射血分数（LVEF）、室壁运动指数（WMSI）和Tei指数。结果组1、组2患者介入治疗后1年LVDS、LVEF、WMSI和Tel指数均较术前明显改善（均P〈0．05）,而组3、组4患者介入治疗1年后LVDD、LVDS、LVEF、WMSI及Tel指数较之治疗前差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0．05）。结论BNP值≥80ng／dl的中危NSTE—ACS患者,介入治疗能改善其术后1年的心功能,早期介入治疗优于延迟介入治疗;BNP值〈80ng／dl的中危NSTE—ACS患者其介入治疗的价值尚有待考证。     

血清白介素6与胱抑素C在早期预测对比剂肾病中的意义

目的 探讨行经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的老年急性冠脉综合征(ACS)患者术前和术后血清胱抑素C(CysC)、白介素6(IL-6)的变化在早期预测对比剂肾病(CIN)中的临床意义.方法 选择2009年9月-2010年8月在我院接受PCI的老年ACS患者共190例,患者均采用低渗非离子型造影剂.根据传统的方法定义CIN,测定术前、术后12 h、24 h、48 h的血清肌酐(Cr)值.190例患者中,发生CIN的患者20例为CIN组,在同期未发生CIN的患者(共170例)中随机选取20例作为非CIN组.留取术前、术后2 h、8 h、24 h的血清样本,分别采用免疫比浊法检测CysC值,ELISA法检测IL-6值,并进行比较.结果 CIN组中,术后2 h的IL-6水平开始升高,但与术前比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);术后8 h、24 h与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CIN组术后8 h、24 h的IL-6水平较非CIN组相应时间点明显升高,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CIN组中,术后2 h、8 h的CysC值与术前比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05),术后24 h的CysC值与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CIN组与非CIN组比较,术后24 h患者的CysC值间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).CIN组中,血清IL-6及CysC水平与造影术后的Cr水平均呈正相关(P＜0.05).结论 在老年ACS患者PCI术后,IL-6于术后8 h、CysC于术后24 h即明显升高,时间更早于血清Cr上升,可联合作为老年ACS患者PCI术后发生CIN的早期预测指标.     

Outcomes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction

Background

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis have an increased risk for accelerated atherosclerosis. It is unknown, however, whether rheumatoid arthritis also increases in-hospital mortality after a myocardial infarction or influences the therapy patients receive.

Methods

A cross-sectional analysis of 1,112,676 patients with myocardial infarction in the 2003-2005 Nationwide Inpatient Sample was performed.

Results

Patients with rheumatoid arthritis were 39% more likely to receive medical therapy (odds ratio [OR], 1.39; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-1.49) than interventional therapy. By using logistic regression, we adjusted for confounding variables to determine the effect of rheumatoid arthritis on the selection of therapy and found that rheumatoid arthritis itself was associated with a 38% increased likelihood of undergoing thrombolysis (OR, 1.38; 95% CI, 1.10-1.71) and a 27% increased likelihood of undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (OR, 1.27; 95% CI, 1.17-1.39). For the primary outcome measure, we determined that patients with rheumatoid arthritis overall had a 24% better in-hospital mortality compared with other patients with a myocardial infarction (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.68-0.86), which was 34% better after adjusting for confounding variables (OR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.59-0.74). This better in-hospital mortality was seen in patients with rheumatoid arthritis undergoing medical therapy (adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.59-0.75) and percutaneous coronary intervention (adjusted OR, 0.47; 95% CI, 0.32-0.70), but not in patients undergoing thrombolysis or coronary artery bypass grafting.

Conclusions

Among patients with myocardial infarction, rheumatoid arthritis was associated with an increased use of thrombolysis and percutaneous coronary intervention. Moreover, patients with rheumatoid arthritis had an in-hospital survival advantage, particularly those undergoing medical therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention.