An improved technique for treating tracheostomal stenosis following laryngectomy

Stenosis of the tracheostome is an occasional complication following laryngectomy. Having tried a number of procedures recommended for correction of such stenoses with limited results, we developed a new technique. This technique which is based on multiple Y-V plasties has been applied to 20 patients. Measurements of the stomal area following surgery in 18 patients showed an average increase in stomal size by a factor of 3.8. One patient apparently had no increase of the stoma. In 2, no post-operative measurements were available. Post-operative infection resulted in recurrence of the stenosis in one patient. He was successfully reoperated using the same technique. Follow-up revealed that none of the patients had complaints related to their stoma.     

Strecker stent in stenotic hemodialysis Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistulas

Flexible tantalum stents (Strecker) were used as an adjunct to percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) in the treatment of stenotic arterial or venous limbs of Brescia-Cimino hemodialysis fistulas. The diagnostic procedure was performed using retrograde fistulography. After PTA with unsatisfactory results, stents were placed in 5 patients with significant residual stenoses and poor fistula function. Within the mean follow-up period of 6.4 months (range 3–10 months) all fistulas were functioning. We conclude that Strecker stent is useful in the treatment of stenotic hemodialysis arteriovenous fistulas as an adjunct to PTA.     

经皮椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效比较

目的比较经皮椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法对98例胸腰椎压缩性骨折，根据手术方法不同分为椎体成形组和椎体后凸成形组。比较两组术前术后椎体前缘、中线、后缘高度变化，疼痛视觉模糊评分（VAS），手术时间，出血量等方面的差异。结果两组对椎体高度的恢复比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01），VAS、手术时间和出血量比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论经皮椎体成形术与椎体后凸成形术具有创伤小、手术时间短、出血量少等微创优点，而椎体后凸成形术具有较好的复位作用。     

影像设备引导下经皮穿刺与支气管填塞治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的疗效分析

目的评价影像设备引导下,经皮穿刺与经支气管填塞,治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的临床疗效。方法CR、CT及生化,病理学确诊的耐多药肺结核空洞患者88例,用经皮穿刺治疗44例(A组)和经支气管填塞治疗44例(B组)。并对照分析其方法,并发症和疗效,评估其应用价值。结果A组闭塞性空洞愈合14例(32%)、净化性空洞愈合16例(36%),无变化及轻微缩小14例(32%),总治愈率为68%;B组闭塞性空洞愈合23例(52.27%),净化空洞愈合17例(38.64%),无变化及轻微变小4例(9%),总治愈率达91%。B组比A组总疗效高出23%(91%~68%),并发症低,疗程缩短1~2个月。结论支气管填塞治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的疗效要优于经皮穿刺的方法。是目前治疗耐多药肺结核空洞的比较有效方法。     

经皮肾穿刺造瘘在上尿路梗阻性疾病的应用

目的:探讨经皮肾穿刺造瘘在上尿路梗阻性疾病(UUTO)的应用价值.方法:对42例UUTO患者,先行经皮肾穿刺造瘘引流,待肾功能改善、机体状况好转或经引流及造影确定诊断之后,12例行经皮肾取石碎石术,11例行开放肾、输尿管切开取石术,4例行开放肾切除术,4例行肾盂输尿管成型(3例加行取石)术,3例经造瘘管注射硬化剂治疗,3例行输尿管肾盏吻合术,3例行输尿管狭窄段切除端端吻合术,1例行输尿管松解术,1例行输尿管皮肤造瘘术.结果:38例患者一次穿刺成功.全部病例均及时解除了上尿路梗阻,肾功能得到改善,或为进一步诊治创造了条件.在保肾治疗的35例,31例治愈出院;4例肾功能改善,维持在轻度氮质血症水平;4例肾切除患者和3例注射硬化剂治疗患者均治愈出院.结论:经皮肾穿刺造瘘安全、有效,在UUTO的诊治中具有重要的应用价值.     

高危急性冠脉综合征急诊介入治疗150例分析

目的　通过分析急诊经皮冠状动脉介入治疗 (PCI)对高危急性冠脉综合征 (ACS)的疗效 ,探讨急诊PCI对高危ACS的策略。方法　入选 2 0 0 1年 12月 7日至 2 0 0 4年 8月 2 2日来院的高危ACS(ST抬高的急性心肌梗死和非ST抬高的急性心肌梗死共 15 0例。发病时间在 2 4h内 ,从发病到来院时间 <6h ,6～ 12h和 12～ 2 4小时的比例分别为 6 0 %、2 5 %和 15 %。行急诊冠状动脉造影 (CAG)和急诊PCI,并随访观察。结果　 15 0例入选患者均行急诊冠脉造影 ,14 3例行急诊PCI,其中直接植入支架 6 0例 ,PTCA后植入支架 80例 ,仅行PTCA 3例。 4例延迟植入支架 ,3例早期病变。梗死相关血管 (IRA)前向血流达到TIMIⅢ级为 99.3%。单支病变 双支病变、3支病变和早期病变分别占 2 8% 4 6 % 2 4 %和 2 %。从来院到导管室时间平均 5 0min ,从进导管室到梗死血管开通时间平均 1h。术中发生慢血流2 1例 ,经冠脉内给药好转 ,无血流 1例 ,治疗无效 ,术后急性闭塞 2例 ,分别再次PCI和IABP治疗好转。IABP治疗 12例 ,1例无效。院内死亡 7例 ,其中术中无血流 1例 ,术中心源性休克 1例 ,术中室颤 1例 ,术后室颤 1例 ,术后顽固心衰 2例 ,术后心脏破裂 1例 ,病死率 4 .7%。 14 3例随访 ,随访时间为 30～ 993d ,出现心绞痛 3例 ,心力衰竭 3     

经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效

目的 观察X线电视引导下经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的远期疗效。方法 32例经CT扫描证实的腰椎间盘突出症患者，其中，膨出型29例，游离型2例，以及突出型1例，均经X线电视引导下经皮穿刺腰椎间盘切吸术治疗，术后均经随访0.5～11.0a。结果 术后1周～3个月，32例中的24例临床症状与体征得到有效控制或明显减轻，随访5～11a观察表明，症状完全消失和明显减轻者分别见于23例和6例，总有效率90.6%，预后极好和较好者均见于膨出型腰椎间盘突出症患者。结论 游离型和突出型腰椎间盘突出症的疗效均不理想，因此，术前认真选择适应证是获得理想疗效的关键性因素。     

经皮胆囊碎石术后结石复发439例随访分析

目的探讨经皮胆囊碎石术(PCCL)后长期临床预后和结石复发情况,了解与结石复发的相关因素。方法对439例PCCL患者随访10年,评估结石复发率和临床预后。结果439例患者中182例结石复发,总复发率41.46%,术后1~10年结石累计复发率分别为9·57%、18·91%、27·33%、34·14%、37·59%、39·86%、41·90%、42·73%、42·85%和43·21%。182例结石复发患者中,94例无症状,80例表现有非特异性上消化道不适症状,8例有上腹痛或胆绞痛,其中38例行胆囊切除术治疗。与结石复发相关的因素包括胆囊结石家族史、喜好油腻食品、伴发肝病、PCCL术前复发胆囊结石和胆囊功能不全。结论PCCL术后结石复发不可避免,术后前6年结石复发率逐年增加明显,随后增长缓慢,术后10年约50%的患者无结石复发。一些危险因素与结石复发有关。PCCL可作为高龄和高危胆囊结石患者有价值的治疗选择,治疗其他胆囊结石患者尚需慎重选择。     

老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的外科治疗

目的探讨老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折的外科治疗方法以及疗效。方法对132例老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折,男35例,女97例,年龄56～78岁,平均66岁,采用经皮穿刺椎体成形术治疗113例,采用切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统内固定术治疗19例。结果术后122例腰背部疼痛基本消失,椎体成形组术后6～8h可以离床活动,切开复位内固定组术后2d可以离床活动。术后摄X线确认压缩性骨折椎体基本复位,后凸畸形平均矫正15°(10～30°)。术后随访6～36个月,腰背部疼痛无复发,经皮穿刺椎体成形伤椎高度无丢失。切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统内固定伤椎高度部分丢失。结论经皮穿刺椎体成形术作为治疗老年骨质疏松性脊柱压缩性骨折有手术微创、操作简便、效果明确等优点;切开复位、膨胀式椎弓根钉系统在恢复椎体高度方面有优势,但创伤较大,远期椎体高度丢失较大。     

Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: Pediatric gastric access for long-term enteral feeding may be performed via a laparotomy, laparoscopy, or a percutaneous approach. In children and adolescents, laparoscopic-assisted gastrostomy may be difficult due to a thick abdominal wall. Therefore, if the abdominal wall is estimated to be >2 cm on physical examination, or in children in whom a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was unsuccessfully attempted by a gastroenterologist, we routinely perform a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. METHODS: From January 1998 through February 2003, we retrospectively reviewed 15 cases of a laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. Instruments used to perform this technique are a percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy kit, an Olympus flexible endoscope, and one 5-mm STEP port placed through an infraumbilical incision for a 5-mm, 30-degree scope. RESULTS: Age range was 2 years to 20 years (mean, 10). Operative time ranged from 20 minutes to 45 minutes. When a concurrent laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication was performed (n = 6), the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy was placed after completion of the Nissen fundoplication. No intraoperative complications occurred, and all tubes were successfully placed. Feeds were instituted the following day and advanced to goal. To date, no postoperative complications have occurred, and revision has not been necessary. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic-assisted percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in children and adolescents is safe and effective. Utilizing laparoscopy permits evaluation of the peritoneum and lysis of adhesions, if necessary. Moreover, laparoscopy provides excellent exposure for accurate placement of the PEG, while avoiding injury to other organs.