平痫冲剂对戊四唑致痫大鼠海马氨基酸类神经递质受体的影响

目的通过免疫组织化学方法分析平痫冲剂对戊四唑（PTZ）致痫大鼠海马氨基酸类神经递质受体的影响，探讨其抗癫痫的作用机理。方法将60只28日龄的Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组（A组）、模型组（B组）、苯巴比妥组（c组）及平痫冲剂小（D组）、中（E组）、大（F组）剂量组。除正常对照组外，其余各组大鼠腹腔注射PTZ复制慢性癫痫模型，通过免疫组织化学方法和显微图像分析技术分别检测各组大鼠海马CA1、CA3的谷氨酸受体（NMDARI）和γ-氨基丁酸受体（GABA-ARα1）免疫反应的阳性细胞数（n）、阳性细胞面积比（Aa％）及阳性细胞积分吸光度（IA）。结果与A组比较，B组海马CA1、CA3等部位NMDAR1的n、Aa％上升，IA增加（P〈O．01）；与B组比较，c组及D、E、F组不同部位NMDARI的n、Aa％~-不同程度下降，IA也有不同程度减少（P〈0．05）。同A组比较，B组海马CA1、CA3等部位GABA-ARα，的11、Aa％下降，IA降低（P〈0．01）；与B组比较，C、D、E、F组不同部位GABA—ARα，的n、Aa％都有不同程度增加，IA也有不同程度升高（P〈0．05）。结论平痫冲剂抗癫痫的作用机理可能是通过抑制海马兴奋性神经递质受体NMDAR1的活性与表达，并激活其抑制神经递质受体GABA-ARα，的活性与表达，从而降低大脑皮质的兴奋性，有效抑制癫痫的形成及发展。     

两种隐匿阴茎大鼠模型的建立及比较

目的:建立稳定的大鼠隐匿阴茎模型,为探索阴茎包埋对海绵体结构和功能的影响提供实验动物模型。方法:90只2周龄雄性SD大鼠随机均分为A、B、C3组,A组采用阴茎根部内荷包缝合法,B组采用包皮折叠缝合法包埋阴茎,C组为假手术组。在180d内观察两种方法的包埋效果。结果:A组术后4只死于急性尿潴留,5只因尿道口周围软组织感染、皮肤破溃导致包埋失败,3只因包埋过松阴茎伸出;B组术后1只死于麻醉,2只死于急性尿潴留;因阴茎发育和勃起,A组有7只、B组有10只阴茎伸出;C组1只死于麻醉。A组和B组中其余大鼠均有较好的包埋效果,A组包埋成功率为36.7%,B组为56.7%,而且可以在实验中任何时候解除包埋。结论:包皮折叠缝合法和阴茎根部内荷包缝合法均能建立稳定的、且与人类隐匿阴茎自然病程较为一致的2周龄大鼠隐匿阴茎动物模型。     

背根神经节内P物质、降钙素基因相关肽免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递

目的:探讨背根神经节(DRG)内P物质(SP)、降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)免疫阳性神经元与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息传递之间的关系。方法:通过荧光金(FG)逆行标记对大鼠阴茎包皮系带内神经末梢的来源作追踪定位,并结合SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记法,研究大鼠DRG内FG标记阳性神经元中SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元的形态和分布。结果:FG逆行标记结果发现,大鼠阴茎包皮系带内的神经末梢起源于第6腰髓对应的背根神经节(L6-DRG)和第1骶髓对应的背根神经节(S1-DRG)的神经元。对这些神经元分别作SP、CGRP免疫荧光标记后发现,标记细胞大小不等,分别呈深红色和深绿色,沿神经束成行排列或散在分布。FG/SP、FG/CGRP双标记阳性细胞均为中小型,其数量分别占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1/3和1/2,FG/SP/CGRP三标记阳性细胞占FG逆行标记阳性细胞总数的1/5。结论:大鼠L6-DRG和S1-DRG内的SP、CGRP免疫阳性神经元可能参与阴茎包皮系带感觉信息的传递。     

仙人掌粉对糖尿病大鼠血糖的影响

目的　研究仙人掌对糖尿病血糖的影响。方法　采用四氧嘧啶造成大鼠实验性糖尿病模型 ,然后将高、中、低 3种剂量的仙人掌粉加入到基础饲料中进行实验观察。结果　仙人掌粉高 (10g kg·d)、中 (5 .0g kg·d)剂量组均可显著降低糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖 ,并且高剂量组具有显著改善糖尿病大鼠尿量增加的作用。各剂量组对正常大鼠血糖无明显影响。结论　仙人掌粉能有效降低四氧嘧啶所导致的糖尿病大鼠的血糖、尿量     

Melatonin‐evoked potentiation of the juvenile rat tail artery neurogenic reactivity depends on degree of the change in the reactivity

Aim: Dependence of the melatonin‐evoked potentiation of the rat tail artery neurogenic reactivity on degree of the change in the reactivity was studied. Method: Electrical field stimulation‐evoked contractile response of the juvenile rat tail artery segment under isometric conditions was recorded. 0.1 μm melatonin was administered after the change in the response produced both spontaneously and by acidification (pH 6.6) or alkalinization (pH 7.8) of the solution. Results: During the course of experiment, the contraction force continuously declined, being reduced by 12 ± 5, 24 ± 7 and 32 ± 6% at 20, 70, and 170 min after beginning of experiment, respectively. Melatonin applied at these time points increased the contraction by 20 ± 5, 41 ± 10, and 48 ± 8%, respectively, relative to control. This increase in potentiating effect of melatonin during the course of experiment was not because of sensitization of the segment to the hormone. Acidosis‐induced considerable decline in neurogenic contraction was counteracted by melatonin, while after alkalosis‐induced augmentation in the contraction the hormone was not effective. Melatonin increased the artery response to 0.1 μm noradrenaline. Conclusion: These data suggest that melatonin can restore an attenuated neurogenic reactivity of the juvenile rat tail artery. The effect is more pronounced with further decrease in reactivity and might be due to a change in sensitivity of the post‐junctional membrane to noradrenaline.     

大鼠肝移植的麻醉

目的研究氯胺酮在大鼠肝移植中的合适剂量.方法对100只雄性Wister大鼠行40例肝移植,观察供受体麻醉过程、药物剂量和效果. 结果供体手术氯胺酮麻醉的剂量以100～125 mg/kg合适,受体手术氯胺酮麻醉的剂量以75～100 mg/kg合适.结论在大鼠肝移植的手术中,氯胺酮是一种理想的麻醉药品.     

酸性成纤维细胞生长因子促血管内皮细胞增殖作用的实验研究

目的　探讨不同浓度的aFGF对体外培养的大鼠主动脉内皮细胞生长的影响。方法　通过组织块培养法获取主动脉内皮细胞。将浓度为 5ng/ml,10ng/ml,2 0ng/ml的aFGF分别加入内皮细胞的培养液中作为实验组(Ⅰ～Ⅲ组 ) ,不加aFGF的组作为对照组。分别在 2 4h、48h和 72h应用MTT法进行细胞计数。结果　从大鼠主动脉成功地获取了内皮细胞。 3天内 ,实验组和对照组的主动脉内皮细胞都有不同程度的增殖 :培养 2 4h ,实验各组与对照组比较P >0 .0 5 ,无统计学差异 ;48h和 72h时 ,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组与对照组以及与Ⅰ组两两比较 ,有非常显著的差异 (P <0 .0 0 1) ;各时间段内 ,Ⅰ组与对照组 ,Ⅲ组与Ⅱ组比较 ,细胞数改变未见差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　一定浓度的aFGF有非常明显的促血管内皮细胞生长的作用 ,可能对缺血性心脏病的促血管形成治疗有较大的帮助。     

柔肝消瘢饮对肝硬化大鼠血清和肝组织IL-1β和IL-6含量的影响

目的：观察柔肝消瘕饮对肝硬化大鼠肝组织病理形态学和血清、肝组织IL-1β、IL-6含量的影响。方法：采用复合因素造模法复制肝硬化大鼠模型，以复方鳖甲软肝片为对照，观察柔肝消瘢饮对肝硬化大鼠肝组织病理形态学、血清和肝组织IL-1β、IL-6含量的影响。结果：与正常组比较，模型组大鼠出现肝小叶损害，纤维组织增生，假小叶形成，血清IL-1β、IL-6含量和肝组织IL-6含量均明显升高（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；与模型组比较，各治疗组肝组织病理损害减轻，血清IL-1β和肝组织IL-6含量均有明显下降，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．01或P〈0．05）；与对照组比较，高剂量组血清IL-6含量明显降低（P〈0．05）。结论：柔肝消瘢饮能显著下调肝硬化大鼠血清IL-1β、IL-6含量和肝组织IL-6含量，具有减轻肝硬化炎症损害，改善肝组织病理形态学作用。     

大鼠移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡的变化

目的　探讨移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后胰腺细胞凋亡的变化过程。方法　 6 5只SD大鼠随机分成 7组 :假手术组 ,冷缺血 2h组 ,冷缺血 2h再灌注 1、3、6、9、12h组。通过HE染色后光镜及电镜观察各组的胰腺组织的病理变化 ;采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL)检测凋亡细胞的分布及计数。结果　胰腺移植后早期即可观察到细胞凋亡的典型改变 ,胰腺冷缺血再灌注后发生凋亡的高峰期为再灌注后 3h[AI为 (9.4 6± 2 .91) % ,P <0 .0 1) ,再灌注 6h较 3小时细胞凋亡有所减少 [AI为 (5 .74± 1.6 6 ) % ,P <0 .0 1],再灌注 9h及 12h细胞凋亡进一步减少 [AI分别为 (3.6 0± 1.6 4 ) %及 (3.2 6± 1.35 ) % ,P <0 .0 5 ]。结论　细胞凋亡是胰腺移植后的早期事件 ,移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后早期主要的死亡方式是凋亡 ;移植胰腺冷缺血再灌注后的凋亡高峰发生在再灌注后 3h。     

Pharmacological studies on siculine syrup. II: effects on smooth,skeletal and cardiovascular muscle preparations

Earlier pharmacological screening showed that siculine syrup (a traditional herbal remedy purported to be useful in the prevention and treatment of sickle cell pain – crises, due to sickle cell anaemia – SCA) had antisickling and analgesic activities as well as antimicrobial and diuretic effects. SCA is an important haemoglobinopathy in Africa and many other communities/countries worldwide, with relatively high morbidity and mortality. The present study was to determine the effects of the extract on various isolated muscle preparations – smooth, skeletal and cardiovascular. Siculine (4–20 µg/mL), like acetylcholine (40–400 µg/mL), contracted the isolated rat uterus concentration dependently. Similar effects were observed with the guinea‐pig ileum and rabbit jejunum (2–20 µg/mL). In contrast to these effects, the direct (muscle) and indirect (nerve) stimulations of rat phrenic nerve–diaphragm were relaxed by siculine (4 and 8 µg/mL) and d ‐tubocurarine (0.8 µg/mL). Siculine also concentration‐dependently decreased both the rate and force of contraction of guinea‐pig atria and rabbit heart and also resulted in a fall in cat blood pressure in a manner similar to those of acetylcholine. The possible therapeutic and/or toxicological consequences of these effects including the hypotensive activity is noteworthy since siculine syrup is used by the local population for the prevention and treatment of sickle cell pain crises. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.