截骨融合治疗严重僵硬性马蹄足畸形的临床疗效观察

目的 :探讨截骨融合术矫正严重僵硬性马蹄足畸形的临床疗效。方法 :自2010年4月至2015年10月,采用空心钉行截骨关节融合术矫正13例(16足)严重僵硬性马蹄足畸形患者,其中男6例,女7例;年龄39~62(49.6±5.3)岁;病程5~27(9.0±4.8)年。采用三关节截骨融合术6例(9足),四关节截骨融合术4例(4足),胫距跟关节截骨融合术3例(3足)。所有患者术前表现为患足疼痛、足跟不能接触地面、无法行走。观察患者术后并发症情况,并采用AOFAS评分进行临床疗效评定。结果:13例患者获得随访,时间18~24个月,平均20个月。术后仅有1例出现伤口部分皮肤坏死,予伤口换药、抗感染治疗后痊愈。末次随访时所有患足达到骨性愈合,时间12~16周,平均13.2周。AOFAS评分由术前的11.85±10.66提高至术后的81.38±3.69,差异有统计学意义(t=-25.67,P0.05);其中良15足,可1足。结论 :根据患者情况,可采用胫距跟关节融合、三关节或者四关节融合术矫正部分严重僵硬性马蹄足畸形,并可取得较满意的临床疗效。     

内侧单切口改良Chevron截骨联合关节外侧组织松解治疗轻中度拇外翻临床观察

目的 :探讨内侧切口改良Chevron截骨结合外侧组织松解治疗轻中度拇外翻的临床疗效。方法:自2015年7月至2016年6月采用改良Chevron截骨结合外侧组织松解治疗轻中度拇外翻患者26例,其中男2例,女24例;年龄45~65(54.6±4.8)岁;病程1~5(7.5±3.3)个月。术后12个月末次随访时测量患足HVA(拇外翻角)、IMA(第1、2跖骨间角),并采用AOFAS评分比较手术前后临床疗效。结果:术后26例患足切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现切口感染、跖骨头坏死、拇外翻畸形复发等并发症,其中2例出现皮肤轻度麻木症状,考虑皮神经损伤引起。26例患者获得随访,时间6~12(9.12±2.06)个月,术前HVA(30.01±3.71)°、IMA(14.00±1.50)°与术后的(9.41±4.16)°、(7.00±0.60)°比较差异有统计学意义。术前AOFAS评分为54.77±9.59与术后的92.73±5.47比较差异有统计学意义,其中优19例,良7例。结论:内侧单切口行改良Chevron截骨(必要时加做Akin截骨)并Acutrak全螺纹无头加压螺钉固定,并适度松解关节外侧软组织以治疗轻、中度拇外翻,具有暴露充分、操作简便、固定牢固、愈合较快的优势,而且通过适度的外侧松解,必要时Akin截骨配合内侧关节囊紧缩,较好地恢复内外侧软组织平衡,取得了较为满意的临床效果。     

3D打印技术制定个体化截骨角在拇外翻Chevron截骨矫形术中的应用

目的:探讨3D打印技术制定个体化截骨角在拇外翻Chevron截骨矫形术中的临床应用。方法:自2013年5月至2016年5月,采用Chevron截骨治疗轻中度拇外翻患者47例(66足),根据术前设计方案分为计算机截骨组(A组)和传统截骨组(B组)。其中A组25例(33足),男4例(5足),女21例(28足),平均年龄(47.88±6.08)岁,负重位跖骨间角(IMA)(13.58±1.15)°,术前AOFAS评分59.00±5.86,术前采用个性化3D打印技术设计操作方案,进行个体化截骨治疗;B组22例(33足),男3例(3足),女19例(30足),平均年龄(48.16±6.16)岁,负重位IMA(13.51±1.14)°,术前AOFAS评分60.67±5.85,术前仅参考负重位X线,根据手术经验截骨治疗。比较两组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后1周VAS疼痛评分、创口愈合情况及术后负重位IMA的改善情况,并采用足踝外科评分系统(AOFAS)对术后足踝部功能进行评估。结果:A组随访时间为(12.41±2.32)个月与B组为(11.73±2.76)个月比较差异有统计学意义。B组1例术后失访排除,所有病例术后创口Ⅰ期愈合,两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间及术后1周VAS疼痛评分比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);A组术后IMA为(5.21±0.88)°,B组IMA为(6.42±0.85)°,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=5.68,P0.05)。A组AOFAS评分为88.15±5.19与B组为82.90±5.01比较差异有统计学意义;A组优14足,良19足;B组优5足,良27足;两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:应用3D打印技术制定的个体化截骨方案治疗轻中度拇外翻,较传统经验制定手术方案能更好地纠正患者的IMA,改善术后足部功能,是一种个体化数字化的手术方案。     

Long-term results of the subtubercle tibial osteotomy using the circular external fixator for medı̇al compartment osteoarthrı̇tı̇s of knee

BackgroundWe evaluated the long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes of patients who underwent subtubercular tibial osteotomy (STO) with Ilizarov external fixation used for high tibial osteotomy for medial knee osteoarthritis (MKOA).MethodsBetween October 2003 and December 2011, 42 knees of 40 patients who had undergone STO with Ilizarov external fixator with a diagnosis of MKOA were evaluated. Survival analysis was performed by examining the duration of total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Clinical and radiological variables were collected at the time of admission after removal of the fixator and at outpatient follow up.ResultsMean age was 49.3 ± 5.68 (range 37–61) years, mean postoperative follow up time was 14.22 ± 2.93 (range 9–18) years, and mean fixator duration was 14.6 (range 13–20) weeks. Survival analysis showed 100% at 5 years, 95.2% at 10 years and 88.1% at 15 years. Clinical examination of the patients showed significant improvement in American Knee Society score (KSS), KSS functional score and Oxford Knee Score (OKS) score (P = 0.005). In the study, it was observed that the patients' knee osteoarthritis had progressed over time. On examination, radiographic measurements including mechanical axis deviation, medial proximal tibial angle, femorotibial angle, and joint line alignment angle improved significantly after deformity correction (P = 0.001).ConclusionSTO using the Ilizarov method offers long-term survival. It provides effective treatment in young patients with isolated MKOA. Achieving the desired amount of correction in the coronal and sagittal planes can be presented as a surgical technique for the treatment of MKOA as an effective method in clinical and radiological correction.     

转子下截骨全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的围手术期并发症

目的 分析转子下截骨全髋关节置换治疗Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良的围手术期并发症.方法 2002年6月至2009年8月,因Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良接受股骨转子下截骨全髋关节置换术35例42髋,男11例,女24例;年龄28～68岁,平均(47.4±9.61)岁.回顾性分析围手术期并发症的类型、发生率及导致并发症的相关因素.结果 全部病例随访3～84个月,平均24.3个月.术前Harris评分平均(60.42±14.41)分,末次随访平均(81.58±26.96)分,差异有统计学意义(t=-2.3545,P=0.0382).共18髋发生并发症21髋次,并发症发生率42.9%(18/42);其中20髋次出现于2008年以前的病例,并发症发生率65.4%(17/26).包括骨折11髋(26.2%),血管并发症2髋(4.8%),神经并发症4髋(9.5%),截骨不愈合2髋(4.8%),术后脱位及假体松动各1髋(2.4%).行预防性钢丝环扎的10髋均未出现骨折,未行预防性环扎32髋中11髋出现骨折,两组差异有统计学意义(χ~2=4.657,P=0.031).Hartofilakidis C1型髋关节发育不良患者围手术期并发症发生率为55.0%(11/20),C2型为23.1%(3/13),差异无统计学意义(χ~2=3.287,P=0.070).结论 对Crowe Ⅳ型髋关节发育不良行转子下截骨全髋关节置换并发症发生率高.周密的术前设计和规范的手术操作可减少围手术期并发症的发生.     

Total knee arthroplasty following medial opening wedge tibial osteotomy: technical issues early clinical radiological results

Medial opening wedge high tibial osteotomy is a popular treatment option for medial compartment osteoarthritis of the knee. One of the proposed advantages is easier conversion to a total knee replacement compared to lateral closing wedge osteotomies, although there are few studies to support this. We reviewed the technical considerations in 36 knees in which conversion of a medial opening wedge osteotomy to total knee arthroplasty was performed, and contrasted these to previously reported studies of knee arthroplasty after closing lateral wedge or dome osteotomies. The clinical results in 33 patients (34 knees) with minimum 2 year follow-up (mean 3.4 years, range 2 to 8 years) were compared to a control group of 1315 knee arthroplasties performed without prior tibial osteotomy. Total knee arthroplasty after a medial opening wedge osteotomy is relatively straightforward, although we encountered patella baja in 27% of cases, and an increased posterior tibial slope of over 15° in 21%. There was a lower Knee Society score and a lower pain score (more pain) in the study group compared to the control group. While technically straightforward in most cases, knee arthroplasty following medial opening wedge osteotomy in this study group yielded inferior clinical results compared to a group of knee arthroplasties performed without prior tibial osteotomy.     

Surgical simulation of circumferential osteotomy and correction of cervico-thoracic kyphoscoliosis for an irreducible old C6–C7 fracture dislocation

Background  Many different surgical procedures have been employed in the treatment of fracture dislocation at the middle to lower cervical spine. However, consistent protocols and procedures have not been fully established for the surgical correction of an irreducible old cervical fracture dislocation associated with spinal deformity. Methods  We report a case of irreducible cervical fracture dislocation and kyphoscoliosis, in which surgical simulation using a three-dimensional full-scale model was useful for circumferential corrective osteotomy at the C6–C7 level. A 56-year-old man was diagnosed with an irreducible fracture dislocation at the C6–C7 level 2 months after a motor vehicle accident. He showed torticollis, and complained of severe pain in his neck and left upper arm. Radiographic examinations revealed that the C6 vertebra was translated anteriorly and laterally to the C7 vertebra. A bony union had progressed at the fracture site, showing rigid cervico-thoracic kyphoscoliosis. To assist in the preoperative planning, we created a three-dimensional, full-scale model from the patient's computed tomography data. Using the model, we performed a simulation of the planned circumferential corrective osteotomy at the C6–C7 level. Results  Through the simulation, we could evaluate the deformed bony structures around the vertebral arteries at the C6–C7 level accurately. At the time of the actual surgery, corrective osteotomy combined with spinal fusion (C5–T2) with a pedicle screw-rod system was accomplished successfully without any neurovascular complications. After surgery, the patient experienced relief from pain, and his neck posture became normal. Conclusions  Surgical simulation using a three-dimensional, full-scale model was useful for improving the accuracy and safety of circumferential corrective osteotomy of the cervical spine.     

Chiari骨盆内移截骨并加盖术治疗大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位术后效果影响因素分析

大龄儿童发育性髋关节脱位一般指6岁以上的儿童,由于患儿的持续负重,髋臼、股骨头的形态发生了较大的变化,软组织也随着股骨头的逐渐上移而变形明显。自2001年采用切开复位,Chiari骨盆内移截骨并加盖术,部分患儿合并股骨近端旋转截骨相结合的联合手术方式,疗效良好,报告如下。     

急诊经内踝截骨入路治疗距骨颈骨折合并距骨体脱位

目的：探讨急诊经内踝截骨入路治疗距骨颈骨折合并距骨体脱位的疗效。方法：1995年6月至2007年10月收治24例距骨颈骨折合并距骨体脱位患者,男18例,女6例;年龄28～58岁,平均35.4岁。伤后到就诊时间0.5～12h。右侧15例,左侧9例;闭合伤22例,开放性创伤2例。均在入院后5h内采用急诊经内踝截骨入路整复固定。结果：24例均获随访,时间6～60个月,采用Kenwright评定标准,优18例,良4例,可2例,差0例。结论：急诊经内踝截骨手术入路,操作简单,显露清楚,复位固定容易,对距骨血运破坏小,是治疗距骨颈骨折合并距骨体脱位,降低距骨坏死率的有效方法。     

单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸

目的 探讨单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸的治疗效果.方法 回顾性研究采用后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸11例,对于重度僵硬的病例结合后路广泛松解.依据患者的影像学资料,并发症的发生情况等评估临床效果.结果 脊柱侧凸的主弯平均Cobb角为74°(62°～95°),术后矫正率为60%(48%～73%).后凸平均Cobb角为52°(40°～72°),术后矫正率为51%(41%～69%),手术前的冠状面失衡约19mm,术后为8mm,手术无任何严重并发症发生.结论 单纯后路半椎体切除楔形截骨治疗先天性脊柱侧凸疗效满意,对于重度僵硬的病例后路广泛松解效果较好.