双氯灭痛药膜体外透皮速率的实验研究

作者选择乙基纤维素、聚乙烯醇等高分子材料制成涂膜剂，用大鼠皮进行双氯灭痛药膜的体外透皮速率测定。结果表明，氮酮与丙二醇可以促进药物渗透。不同的高分子材料可影响药物的扩散与释放，从而影响其透皮速率。与无膜无促透剂处方相比，药物在乙基纤维素中的透皮速率没有增加，在聚乙烯醇膜中的透皮速率有显著增加。     

Presynaptic α2-adrenoceptor-mediated modulation of norepinephrine release from vascular adrenergic neurons in reduced renal mass salt hypertensive rats

The present study was designed to investigate the presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor function to inhibit norepinephrine (NE) release in blood vessels of reduced renal mass salt hypertensive rats (Na-loaded HT). Isolated perfused mesenteric vasculatures were prepared from Na-loaded HT and normotensive control rats (NT-control), and the NE release and vascular responsiveness were examined. Periarterial nerve stimulation caused a significantly greater release of NE and pressor responses in Na-loaded HT than in NT-control. Yohimbine, a potent alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist, demonstrated the facilitatory effects on NE release during nerve stimulation. The effects were significantly attenuated in Na-loaded HT compared with NT-control. These results demonstrate that vascular sympathetic nervous activity might be enhanced in Na-loaded HT. Furthermore, the increased NE release from vascular adrenergic neurons in Na-loaded HT could partially depend on impaired presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor-mediated modulation, which might contribute to the pathogenesis and maintenance of this form of salt-dependent hypertension.     

IgA肾病大鼠血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白的检测及意义

目的 检测IgA肾病大鼠血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白水平，探讨其在IgA肾小球系膜沉积中的作用。方法 肝叶切除后，尾静脉注射脂多糖，制作IgA肾病大鼠模型。应用ELISA法检测血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白聚合物水平，半定量法对系膜IgA免疫荧光强度评分，二者作相关性分析。结果 IgA肾病时，血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白聚合物水平升高，并与系膜IgA沉积呈正相关。结论 IgA肾病时，血清IgA-纤维连接蛋白聚合物水平是升高的，且可能是导致IgA系膜沉积的原因之一。     

Thrombin Inhibition in discordant xenograft rejection

Abstract: Microvascular thrombosis and the associated platelet and endothelial cell activation are prominent observations in xenograft rejection. This pathological picture could be related to the excessive generation of thrombin in the context of either inflammation or putative inter-species molecular incompatibilities between activated coagulation factors and their natural anticoagulants. Relatively selective thrombin Inhibition with the serine protease inhibitor SDZ MTH 958 (MTH-958) are independent of heparinoids and anti-thrombin III. MTH-958 has been shown to significantly prolong porcine cardiac function during perfusion with human blood in an ex vivo model. The aim of this study was to validate the role of thrombin generation in a rodent model of discordant xenograft rejection in vivo. The effect of thrombin inhibition with MTH-958 was tested in both hyperacute rejection (HAR) and delayed xenograft rejection (DXR) after decomplementation with cobra venom factor (CVF) in normal Lewis (Lew) rats and Intrinsic C6 deficiency In PVG (C6-/PVG) recipient rats. Recipient rats received heterotopic guinea pig cardiac xenografts and were treated with titrated doses of MTH-958 until the time of graft rejection. Plasma samples at selected time points were examined to confirm effective thrombin inhibition, and rejected grafts were analyzed by immunohistology. MTH-958 significantly improved graft survival in HAR albeit the extent of prolongation was not marked, but the agent failed to prolong survival In CVF-treated Lew rats. In C6-/PVG rats receiving MTH-958, a significantly reduced graft survival time was observed when compared with C6-/PVG controls. The grafts from MTH-958-treated animals showed dense deposits of C3, IgM, and IgG with fibrin levels similar to controls. The thrombin antagonist tested could prolong xenograft survival during HAR but had no benefit in DXR. The relative non-specificity of the serine protease inhibitor MTH-958 with the potential activation of alternative pathway of complement via the inhibition of factor I could account for the failure to prolong xenograft survival in DXR. The pathogenetic significance of thrombin generation in this situation remains to be determined by the use of more selective and pharmacologically acceptable I anti-thrombin agents.     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的建立及其组织形态改变

目的：建立大鼠脑缺血2h再灌注不同时程实验动物模型，探讨其病理形态学HE染色特点。方法：线栓法行大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAo)造成局灶性脑缺血2h再灌注模型，假手术组不插入线栓。HE染色观察病理组织形态学特点。结果：所有局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型在麻醉苏醒后均表现为局灶性神经功能缺陷。再灌注后3h，神经功能缺陷部分恢复。这些表现与临床局灶性脑缺血再灌注溶栓治疗的病人相似。HE染色可见胞浆均质红染、细胞核固缩以及细胞膜和细胞结构破坏的嗜伊红的死亡神经元。结论：Wistar大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型的神经功能缺损与人类缺血性脑血管病相近，是研究脑缺血再灌注损伤的病理形态学机制的良好模型。     

心痛灵喷雾剂抗心肌缺血的实验观察

①目的　观察心痛灵喷雾剂对心肌缺血大鼠的药理作用。②方法　通过结扎大鼠冠状动脉前降支制备大鼠心肌缺血模型 ,观察心痛灵喷雾剂对心肌缺血面积和血清磷酸肌酸激酶 (CK)、乳酸脱氢酶 (LDH)、谷草转氨酶 (GOT)的影响 ;静脉注射垂体后叶素制备大鼠心肌缺血模型 ,观察心痛灵喷雾剂对心电图改变的影响。③结果　心痛灵喷雾剂可减少心肌缺血大鼠心肌梗死面积 ,降低血清CK、LDH、GOT活性 ,并减轻静脉注射垂体后叶素引起的缺血性心电图改变 (tD=1.2 2 3～ 13.890 ,P <0 .0 5、0 .0 1)。④结论　心痛灵喷雾剂具有抗心肌缺血的作用     

大鼠壁细胞的黏膜刮取式分离方法

采用黏膜刮取式方法，分离大鼠胃黏膜细胞。用相差显微镜、HE染色、电镜、荧光显微镜、免疫细胞化学染色等方法，对壁细胞进行观察和鉴定，并测定了壁细胞直径。结果成功地分离了大鼠胃黏膜细胞，同时证实，壁细胞在所分离的细胞中直径最大。     

二氧化硅对大鼠血浆中微量元素含量的影响

给大鼠经气管分别注入４、１６、６４ｍｇ石英粉尘生理盐水混悬液。在染尘后第７，１５和３０天解剖动物，测定血浆中Ｃｕ、Ｚｎ，Ｍｎ、Ｍｏ、Ｓｉ、Ｒｂ和Ｓｒ等７种微量元素的含量。实验结果表明，随着染尘剂量的增加，血浆中铜的含量明显增高，呈正相关，相关系数为０．９９９。而血浆锌的含量随着染尘剂量的增加而明显的降低，呈负相关，相关系数为－０．９９８。血浆中Ｍｏ、Ｍｎ、Ｓｉ、Ｒｂ和Ｓｒ含量与对照组比无明显差异。