Use of the patch electrode for sensitive high resolution extracellular recording

During a series of experiments on co-cultures of rat dorsal root ganglion cells of the raphe nucleus, patch electrodes were discovered to be extremely sensitive extracellular electrodes, which can be used to detect the independent activity of very small neurites passing into the area of the patch. Recording appears to be possible from endings as small as 0.03 μm and thus below the resolution of the light microscope.     

A novel modelling and experimental technique to predict and measure tissue temperature during CO2 laser stimuli for human pain studies

Laser nerve stimulation is now accepted as one of the preferred methods for applying painful stimuli to human skin during pain studies. One of the main concerns, however, is thermal damage to the skin. We present recent work based on using a CO₂ laser with a remote infrared (IR) temperature sensor as a feedback system. A model for predicting the subcutaneous skin temperature derived from the signal from the IR detector allows us to accurately predict the laser parameters, thus maintaining an optimum pain stimulus whilst avoiding dangerous temperature levels, which could result in thermal damage. Another aim is to relate the modelling of the CO₂ fibre laser interaction to the pain response and compare these results with practical measurements of the pain threshold for various stimulus parameters. The system will also allow us to maintain a constant skin temperature during the stimulus. Another aim of the experiments underway is to review the psychophysics for pain in human subjects, permitting an investigation of the relationship between temperature and perceived pain.     

大鼠坐骨神经缺损后损伤近端神经TNC表达变化及功能分析

目的:研究大鼠坐骨神经缺损后损伤近端神经组织中胞外基质分子TNC(tenascin-C)的表达变化及初步功能分析。方法:采用冰冻切片和免疫荧光染色法,检测神经缺损0d(对照组),4d(实验组)损伤近端神经组织TNC的表达变化及表达位置;并利用体外共培养施万细胞/成纤维细胞及细胞划痕实验初步研究TNC的作用。结果:免疫荧光染色发现TNC在损伤后4d处于高表达状态,并在神经外膜处与波形蛋白(Vimentin)共定位状况良好;体外细胞共培养实验发现下调成纤维细胞中的TNC可以降低与之共培养的施万细胞的迁移速度。结论:在神经损伤后成纤维细胞分泌TNC并比对照组表达大幅上调,且体外实验发现TNC可促进施万细胞的迁移速度。     

细胞直接共培养模型在大鼠肺成纤维细胞转分化中的应用

目的:探讨细胞直接共培养模型在大鼠肺成纤维细胞转分化研究中的应用价值。方法:分离SD大鼠肺巨噬细胞和成纤维细胞,采用ThinCertTM进行共培养,并分为4组:对照组加入无SiO2粉尘的培养基,SiO2低、中、高剂量处理组分别加入终质量浓度为25、50和100mg/L的SiO2粉尘悬液,培养24h后,收集成纤维细胞和培养上清,分别采用real-time PCR检测成纤维细胞中α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、Ⅰ型胶原(COLⅠ)及Ⅲ型胶原(COLⅢ)的mRNA水平,ELISA法测定培养上清中α-SMA、COLⅠ和COLⅢ蛋白。结果:SiO2处理组的α-SMA、COLⅠ和COLⅢmRNA和蛋白的表达水平明显高于对照组,且随SiO2质量浓度的升高,α-SMA、COLⅠ和COLⅢmRNA和蛋白的表达水平有升高的趋势(P<0.05)。结论:细胞直接共培养模型可用于大鼠肺成纤维细胞转分化的研究。     

Non-contact respiratory monitoring system using a ceiling-attached microwave antenna

Using a microwave antenna attached to the room ceiling, we conducted non-contact monitoring of respiratory chest wall motions of subjects in bed and covered by a soft comfortable bedding, to measure the vital signs of patients under nursing care in a welfare institution. Long-term vital sign monitoring using electrodes places a heavy burden on monitored individuals. Our non-contact respiratory monitoring system comprises a 1,215 MHz-microwave radar (LDR-1), antenna box attached to the ceiling, and personal computer with analyzing software. The system was tested on eight healthy volunteers (mean age, 25 years; range, 21–44 years) and eight elderly volunteers with some disorders (mean age, 69 years; range, 66–75 years). Respiratory rates of subjects measured using this system correlated with rates measured using respiration sensors (r = 0.97, P < 0.001 for healthy volunteers, r = 0.98, P < 0.0001 for elderly volunteers). The system could monitor subtle changes in respiratory rate, and monitoring respiratory rate increases caused by disorders such as pneumonia will be possible.     

骨髓瘤细胞可诱导骨髓间充质干细胞的基因表达谱发生暂时和 (或)长期性改变

目的:正常骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cell,MSC)在与骨髓瘤细胞相互作用过程中,MSC的全基因表达谱的改变目前尚未有报道,本研究就对此进行研究并进一步探索多发性骨髓瘤的发病机制。方法:正常人骨髓MSC与骨髓瘤细胞株在Transwell共培养体系培养前后,用全基因表达芯片检测MSC全基因mRNA的表达谱,比较正常MSC在与骨髓瘤细胞共培养(MC组)或共培养后去除骨髓瘤细胞后继续单独培养的MSC(MA组),和MSC单独培养的对照组(MK组)基因表达谱的变化。结果:MC组与MK组相比较,在所有分析的10 000个基因中共发现837个差异基因(837/10 000,8.37%),其中有472个基因表达上调(472/837,56.39%),365个基因表达下调(365/837,43.61%)。而MA组与MK组相比较,共发现367个差异基因,其中有218个基因表达上调(218/367,59.40%),149个基因表达下调(149/367,40.60%)。从芯片结果中筛选出MMP1、FGFR2、ANGPTL4、MFAP5、TGM2、STC1、CCL7和IL-32这8个基因,经定量PCR验证后的结果与基因芯片结果相一致。结论:骨髓瘤细胞可以诱导正常骨髓MSC多种基因表达改变,并且有些改变即使在骨髓MSC脱离骨髓瘤细胞后仍可存在;此外,初步筛选到8个差异表达基因,其中7个基因在多发性骨髓瘤发病机制中的作用既往未见报道,有待今后进一步研究。     

Machine learning empowered COVID-19 patient monitoring using non-contact sensing: An extensive review

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which caused the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has affected more than 400 million people worldwide. With the recent rise of new Delta and Omicron variants, the efficacy of the vaccines has become an important question. The goal of various studies has been to limit the spread of the virus by utilizing wireless sensing technologies to prevent human-to-human interactions, particularly for healthcare workers. In this paper, we discuss the current literature on invasive/contact and non-invasive/non-contact technologies (including Wi-Fi, radar, and software-defined radio) that have been effectively used to detect, diagnose, and monitor human activities and COVID-19 related symptoms, such as irregular respiration. In addition, we focused on cutting-edge machine learning algorithms (such as generative adversarial networks, random forest, multilayer perceptron, support vector machine, extremely randomized trees, and k-nearest neighbors) and their essential role in intelligent healthcare systems. Furthermore, this study highlights the limitations related to non-invasive techniques and prospective research directions.     

壳聚糖增强型左旋聚乳酸与嗅鞘细胞的生物相容性

背景：既往研究表明壳聚糖和左旋聚乳酸制备的复合支架与一些细胞有着良好的生物相容性。目的：观察壳聚糖增强型左旋聚乳酸支架与大鼠嗅鞘细胞的生物相容性。方法：将出生1-3 d SD大鼠的嗅鞘细胞接种于壳聚糖增强型左旋聚乳酸膜上作为实验组,设置嗅鞘细胞与多聚赖氨酸联合培养为对照组,培养1,3,5,7 d进行细胞增殖力检测和免疫荧光抗体标记检测。结果与结论：嗅鞘细胞可在壳聚糖增强型左旋聚乳酸膜上存活,细胞毒性评级为Ⅰ级。实验组细胞形态呈圆形和椭圆形,突起少,细胞聚集成团;接种1d后,可见部分细胞团的外围细胞伸出短小突起,并渐向外周散开;接种第3天,见聚集成团的细胞扩散开来,大部分细胞生成突起,呈双极或三极,以双极为主;接种第5天,细胞突起明显伸长,形态仍以双极细胞和三极细胞为主,并可见扁圆细胞和不规则三角形细胞;接种第7天,细胞密度增加,突起伸展。对照组细胞形态与实验组具有类似特征。两组嗅鞘细胞数量、细胞周长和细胞面积差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。表明壳聚糖增强型左旋聚乳酸支架与嗅鞘细胞具有良好的生物相容性。     

A novel autonomic activation measurement method for stress monitoring: non-contact measurement of heart rate variability using a compact microwave radar

We developed a novel method for non-contact monitoring of stress-induced autonomic activation through the back of a chair, using a compact 24 GHz microwave radar (8 x 5 x 3 cm), without large-scale equipment and placing a heavy burden on the monitored individual. Following a silent period of 120 s, audio stimuli using a composite tone of 2,120 and 2,130 Hz sine-waves at 95 dB were conducted for 120 s. From dorsal, LF/HF of HRV reflecting sympatho-vagal balance was determined by microwave radar with the maximum entropy method using eight volunteers (mean age 23 +/- 1 years). Mean LF/HF measured by non-contact and contact (using electrocardiography for reference) methods during audio stimuli increased 34 and 37%, respectively, as compared with those of the silent period. Maximum cross-correlations between contact and non-contact measurements averaged 0.73 +/- 0.10. Our method appears to be promising for future monitoring of stress-induced autonomic activation of operators and may reduce stress-induced accidents.     

学校—社区—医院联合共育实用型护理人才实践体系的构建

目的 探讨学校—社区—医院联合共育实用型护理人才的实践体系.方法 在原有学校与医院培养护理人才的基础上辅以社区护理实践教育.结果 护生通过社区护理实践教育,其健康教育、人际沟通、科研能力等整体素质明显提高,备受用人单位的青睐.结论 学校-社区-医院联合共育实用型护理人才的实践体系,突破了我国现有的传统护理教学实践体系,对于加快护理教育改革,培养社会所需的实用型护理人才,有着十分重要的现实意义.