Measurement of fiber orientation distributions using high angular resolution diffusion imaging.

High angular resolution measurements of diffusion are used to estimate the angular distribution and diffusion anisotropy of fibers in a voxel. A simple, axially symmetric model of diffusion in white matter fibers is used to relate diffusion measurements to fiber properties. The new technique is called fiber orientation estimated using continuous axially symmetric tensors (FORECAST). It is tested using both numerical simulation and in vivo measurements. The new method agrees with other methods in voxels containing single fibers, but resolves crossing fibers better, at least at the level of diffusion weighting used in this study (tr(b) = 1480 s/mm2). The simplifying assumptions of the model are tested by comparison with the "model-free" q-ball analysis of in vivo data and the results are shown to be in good agreement. The new method addresses the problem of partial volume averaging in diffusion tensor imaging and provides a basis for more reliable estimates of fiber orientation and fractional anisotropy.     

A novel diaphragm-to-housing junction adhesive method: alumina ball milling

An alumina ball milling method was applied to enhance the adhesiveness and smoothness of the diaphragm-to-housing (D-H) junction. The impact produced by the three rotating alumina balls along the meshed junction made the surface of the junction uniform and smooth. The quality of the D-H junction was evaluated by various methods, such as inspection using an optical microscope and a scanning electron microscope, smoothness examination by an atomic force microscope, and measurement of the tensile strength. All the evaluations revealed marked improvements, and the platelet adhesion test revealed that the alumina ball milling method plays an important role in the blood compatibility enhancement of the D-H junction.Part of this paper was presented at the poster session of the ASAIO (2002) meeting     

健身球压眼对白内障术前降压效果的分析

30例老年性白内障,局麻后用健身球对术眼局部加压。分次压迫,每次持续5分钟,其中3例经压眼一次后,眼压平均下降至0.51kPa;22例经压眼两次后,眼压平均下降至0.74kPa;5例经压眼两次后眼压仍在1.04kPa以上,但经第三次压眼后眼压平均下降至0.64kPa。故认为以压迫两次较为合适。此法简便易行,效果满意,可提高白内障襄内摘除术的成功率,减少并发症的发生。     

消化管唇状瘘外堵法的临床应用研究

目的 探讨消化管唇状瘘棉球外堵法的临床意义.方法 采用前瞻性随机对照研究的方法,将2001年1月～2007年11月收治的消化管唇状瘘患者分为实验组(15例)和对照组(15例),对照组采用传统的瘘口持续引流、禁食或部分肠内营养加肠外营养支持处理方法,实验组采用瘘口棉球外堵法处理,控制外溢肠液,恢复正常进食及活动.比较两组患者一般临床资料、瘘口大小、流量、体重、白蛋白、确定性手术时间、术后并发症、住院天数、费用等.结果 实验组与对照组相比,瘘口缩小、流量减少、体重白蛋白上升、手术时间提前、术后并发症减少、住院时间缩短、费用减少等差异均有统计学意义.结论 消化管唇状瘘棉球外堵法安全有效,可显著缩短患者病程、减少费用及其痛苦、迅速改善其营养状况.     

冰敷及牛黄解毒丸膏预防长春瑞滨所致静脉炎疗效的探讨

目的探讨冰敷及自制复方牛黄解毒丸膏预防长春瑞滨所致静脉炎的疗效及护理方法。方法将100例经外周静脉行长春瑞滨化疗的肺癌患者随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组50例,对照组50例。100例的病人均选择一周内未行静脉穿刺的弹性好、粗直的上臂静脉进行穿刺,且一次穿刺成功,回血好,给药过程中局部无红肿,病人自觉无不适。对照组在给药前予地塞米松静脉推注,给药完毕不予其他护理干预。实验组在此基础上局部冰敷,涂擦自制复方牛黄解毒丸膏。比较2组静脉炎发生率。结果实验组静脉炎发生率为8%,对照组为54%,统计学差异显著。静脉炎程度方面,Ⅱ、Ⅲ度静脉炎主要发生在对照组,且对照组发生1例Ⅳ度感染。2组静脉炎发生率比较P<0.05。结论使用冰敷及自制复方牛黄解毒丸膏可明显降低长春瑞滨所致静脉炎的发生率。     

静脉止血贴替代传统指压干棉球用于献血穿刺针眼止血探讨

目的:探讨献血穿刺后针眼止血使用静脉止血贴替代指压干棉球的可行性。方法:(1)通过实验组278例使用静脉止血贴与对照组280例使用指压干棉球止血,进行效果观察,对比分析;(2)实验组中筛出献血两次以上的152例献血员,对献血后愿意选择其中哪一种止血方式进行情况调查,了解满意度。结果:使用静脉止血贴止血较指压干棉球止血更方便、快捷、安全、可靠,绝大多数献血员更愿意选用静脉止血贴。结论:献血穿刺针眼止血使用静脉止血贴较指压干棉球止血效果更安全,使用更方便,具省时节力的优点;静脉止血贴具有推广应用价值。     

Scalable learning method for feedforward neural networks using minimal-enclosing-ball approximation

Training feedforward neural networks (FNNs) is one of the most critical issues in FNNs studies. However, most FNNs training methods cannot be directly applied for very large datasets because they have high computational and space complexity. In order to tackle this problem, the CCMEB (Center-Constrained Minimum Enclosing Ball) problem in hidden feature space of FNN is discussed and a novel learning algorithm called HFSR-GCVM (hidden-feature-space regression using generalized core vector machine) is developed accordingly. In HFSR-GCVM, a novel learning criterion using L2-norm penalty-based $\epsilon$-insensitive function is formulated and the parameters in the hidden nodes are generated randomly independent of the training sets. Moreover, the learning of parameters in its output layer is proved equivalent to a special CCMEB problem in FNN hidden feature space. As most CCMEB approximation based machine learning algorithms, the proposed HFSR-GCVM training algorithm has the following merits: The maximal training time of the HFSR-GCVM training is linear with the size of training datasets and the maximal space consumption is independent of the size of training datasets. The experiments on regression tasks confirm the above conclusions.     

妊娠晚期分娩球运动对分娩结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠晚期进行分娩球运动对分娩结局的影响。方法便利抽样法选择2014年10月至2015年3月,在上海交通大学医学院附属国际和平妇幼保健院助产士门诊就诊并在医院产房分娩的184例初产妇为研究对象,按就诊先后分为观察组(90例)和对照组(94例),其中观察组孕妇妊娠晚期在常规指导的基础上接受分娩球运动培训,对照组孕妇妊娠晚期仅给予常规指导。结果两组产妇的分娩方式、产程时间及产后出血量的差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05);观察组产妇的会阴切开率及会阴体撕裂程度均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期使用分娩球运动有助于降低会阴切开率及会阴撕裂程度,对促进产妇自然分娩有积极作用。     

分娩球配合自由体位促进第一产程的临床效果

目的探讨分娩球配合自由体位促进第一产程的临床效果。方法便利抽样选择2015年1-5月期间收治的可阴道分娩的产妇100例,随机分成观察组与对照组两个临床研究小组,每组各50例。观察组产妇在第一产程采用分娩球配合自由体位待产,对照组产妇采用传统的待产方式,对比分析两组产妇的疼痛程度、产后2h出血情况、产程时间、新生儿阿氏评分。结果观察组产妇的疼痛程度、产后2h出血量和第一产程时间均低于对照组产妇,两组比较差异具有统计学意义(均P0.05);两组产妇的第二、三产程时间和新生儿Apgar评分的数据比较差异均无统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论产妇在第一产程采用分娩球配合自由体位待产能够有效减少产妇的疼痛程度和产后2h出血,缩短第一产程时间,建议临床推广应用。