牛黄栀子配伍对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时段神经生长因子（NGF）含量的影响

目的:通过检测牛黄、栀子配伍对大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注不同时段神经生长因子(NGF)含量的影响,探讨治疗缺血性中风在该作用环节不同时段的作用特点,研究其配伍阻抑脑缺血级联反应的时序特征。方法:用线栓法建立大鼠大脑中动脉缺血再灌注模型,观察牛黄、栀子及二者配伍对缺血再灌注24小时和72小时两个时段大鼠脑组织NGF含量的影,响。结果:缺血再灌注损伤可明显抑制脑组织NGF的表达,从而削弱了机体的自身保护机制;再灌注24小时,牛黄、栀子均可促进NGF的表达,而二者配伍后作用明显降低:再灌注72小时,牛黄的作用不显著,栀子可明显增强NGF的表达,二者配伍与栀子的作用相当,未显示出明显的配伍效应。结论:中药配伍的作用不是简单的效应累加,而是依据作用环节及作用时间的不同表现为不同的时空特征。     

Naturally occuring antibodies against nerve growth factor in human and rabbit sera: comparison between control and herpes simplex virus-infected patients

Antibodies against nerve growth factor (NGF) in sera were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), by their isolation after passage of sera through NGF immunoadsorbent columns and by their specificity to bind and immunoprecipitate mouse NGF as well as to stain by immunohistochemical methods cellular sites of NGF synthesis. Increased levels of anti-NGF antibodies were found in sera of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-infected patients but not in HSV-inoculated rabbits. As HSV latency is known to be promoted by NGF in vitro, these results may suggest that anti-NGF antibodies modulate the cytokine function of NGF and thus might play a role in HSV infection. The biological function of circulating antibodies against NGF, in general, is now open to future investigation.     

Treatment of iatrogenic biliary obstruction by balloon dilatation of a biliary jejunal fistula

Biliary obstruction and multiple hepatic abscesses occurred in a patient after ligation of a segmental branch of the right hepatic duct. The patient was successfully managed by transhepatic biliary drainage and balloon dilatation of an internal fistula that developed between the ligated duct and a Roux limb of jejunum. Internal biliary fistulas may be dilated using interventioanl radiologic techniques to permit nonobstructed bile flow. Implications for the nonsurgical treatment' of biliary strictures are discussed.     

Giant intracranial aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery treated by direct surgery using A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and A3-RA graft-STA anastomosis

Summary We describe a giant aneurysm of the anterior communicating artery (ACoA) which was treated with a STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass and A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis. A giant and partially thrombosed ACoA aneurysm was partially coated 3 years before his current presentation, its gradual increase producing visual field disturbances. An A3–A3 side-to-side anastomosis and STA-RA graft-A3 bonnet bypass were performed. The aneurysm was dissected, and the thrombus removed under transient parent-artery occlusion. The aneurysmal neck was successfully clipped without encountering ischemic changes. This strategy may be useful for treating giant or thrombosed aneurysms in the region of the ACoA.     

急诊左半结肠一期切除吻合术25例治疗体会

目的探讨急诊左半结肠切除一期肠吻合的可行性。方法腹腔探查完后，用布带结扎横结肠，游离肠系膜后，于预切除肠段的上端切开作肠外减压，挤压排空粪便，切除病变肠管，端端吻合，术后作肛管扩张，停留肛管引流，胃肠减压。结果全部病人预期痊愈出院，无发生吻合口漏和腹腔污染。结论该法有利于吻合口的愈合，增加左半结肠一期切除吻合的安全性，减少第2次手术痛苦，可推荐为左半结肠急诊切除一期吻合的良好方法。     

大网膜包裹人工神经移植体再血管化及神经再生的研究

目的 探讨大网膜包裹人工神经移植体的早期再血管化，以及增强移植体血供对神经再生的影响。方法 75只大耳白兔制作成左前肢正中神经2．0cm缺损，随机分成3组：A组，带蒂大网膜包裹人工神经移植体移植；B组，人工神经移植体桥接神经缺损；C组，自体神经桥接神经缺损，作为对照组。术后3、7和14d应用伊凡思蓝（evans blue bound to albumin，EBA）毛细血管造影，检测各组移植体的再血管化；术后12周通过电生理、光镜、透射电镜等检测评估神经再生的效果。结果 A、C组术后3d移植神经出现再血管化，7d和14d再血管化程度逐渐增强；B组7d出现再血管化，与A、C组比较，再血管化延迟。术后12周，A组和C组运动神经传导速度、有髓神经纤维密度、神经内纤维组织面积及面积比、髓鞘厚度、髓鞘直径等差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05），但均优于B组，差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论 大网膜包裹人工神经移植体可促进移植体早期再血管化，增强移植体血供，促进神经再生。     

A study exploring the role of intercostal nerve damage in chronic pain after thoracic surgery

Objective: Our aim was to investigate the prevalence of intra-operative nerve damage and its association with chronic pain. Methods: Our prospective study of 33 patients used nerve conduction studies to assess intercostal nerve function during elective thoracic surgical procedures. We used two methods to study nerve conduction: pre-operative magnetic stimulation (in 10 patients) and intra-operative nerve conduction studies (in all patients) We correlated these findings with specific intra-operative parameters, pain and psychological questionnaires pre-op and 3 month post-op and altered cutaneous sensation. Results: Magstim (magnetic stimulation) assessments were not reliable and were therefore abandoned. Intraoperative intercostal nerve studies revealed two distinct patterns of nerve injury and also that nerve injury was less in those cases where a rib was not resected. However, intercostal nerve damage detected at the time of operation is not associated with chronic pain or altered cutaneous sensation at 3 months post-op. Conclusions: The study findings suggest that either the amount of intra-operative intercostal nerve damage is not indicative of long-term nerve damage or that there is a more significant cause for chronic pain other than intercostal nerve injury.     

人参皂苷Rg1诱导骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经样细胞的作用

目的研究人参皂苷Rg1在体外能否诱导Wistar大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞。方法通过贴壁法分离大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,体外培养扩增,人参皂苷Rg1诱导分化,光镜下观察细胞形态,免疫细胞化学检测神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）和神经胶质纤维酸性蛋白（GFAP）的表达,RT-PCR检测细胞NGF mRNA的表达。结果大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞可通过贴壁法成功分离并可以在体外大量扩增。人参皂苷Rg1诱导72h后,部分骨髓间充质干细胞（35．57％±3．59％）转变为神经元样细胞,免疫细胞化学染色NSE呈阳性,分化的神经元样细胞可能表达NGF mRNA。结论人参皂苷Rg1可以在体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞分化为神经元样细胞,并且可能表达NGF mRNA。     

外消旋聚乳酸复合神经生长因子缓释导管促周围神经再生的形态学研究

目的 建立外消旋聚乳酸复合神经生长因子（poly-D，L-lactic acid／nerve growth factor，PDLLA／NGF）可吸收性缓释导管桥接修复大鼠坐骨神经缺损的动物模型，观察复合导管对大鼠坐骨神经缺损再生的促进作用。方法利用溶剂挥发法制备PDLLA单纯导管和PDLLA／NGF缓释导管，每根缓释导管含NGF450U。SD大鼠40只随机分成4组，每组10只，切除中段坐骨神经10mm之后分别行自体神经移植（A组）、单纯导管桥接（B组）、单纯导管加一次性给药（C组）、PDLLA／NGF缓释导管桥接（D组）修复坐骨神经，除A组外，均保留10mm缺损。术后3个月观察神经再生情况，比较各组光镜、电镜及图像分析等指标。结果术后3个月导管与周围组织粘连松，并开始降解，但外形仍保持完整。再生神经均顺利通过导管腔，组织学观察A组和D组内神经纤维数目多，大小均匀，成熟良好；B组和C组纤维结缔组织多，神经纤维细小，髓鞘薄。图像分析显示除神经纤维计数D组高于A组外，A组和D组在纤维直径、轴突直径和髓鞘厚度方面差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05），并明显优于B组和C组（P〈0．05）。结论 PDLLA／NGF缓释导管能够有效促进大鼠坐骨神经缺损再生，组织学观察指标接近自体神经移植。