腺苷含血停搏液在心内直视术中的心肌保护作用

目的 观察心脏含血停搏液加入外源性腺苷在心内直视术中的心肌保护作用。方法 38例心内直视术患者随机分为两组，腺苷组在含血心脏停搏液中加入外源性腺苷（剂量337μmol），对照组单用含血心脏停搏液，分别经主动脉根部或切开主动脉经冠状动脉窦直接灌注，两组分别于心肺转流前、主动脉开放后2h,6h、16h，采集患者桡动脉血，测血清心肌酶（CK-MB）、肌钙蛋白I（cTn-I）；观察心脏停跳及复跳情况、术后机械通气时间及术后正性肌力药物的应用情况。结果 腺苷组诱导停搏时间较对照组短，术后多巴胺用量少，两组术后CK-MB、cTn-I均较术前显著升高，实验组术后2h的CK-MB、开放后cTn-I均较对照组显著降低。结论 外源性腺苷加入心脏停搏液中能显著提高心肌保护效果。     

Elevated inflammatory parameters are associated with lower platelet density in acute myocardial infarctions with ST-elevation

Objective: Platelets and granulocytes play important roles in coronary disorders. We therefore, investigated platelet and granulocyte alterations in myocardial infarctions (MIs). Patients and study design: A total of 36 individuals having MI with raised ST-segments who were receiving thrombolytic therapy were studied. Sampling was carried out after thrombolysis within 24 h after hospital admission. After 3 to 6 months of recovery, 25 patients were reinvestigated. At the infarction, peak platelet density was determined using a special designed computerised apparatus. In addition, we did counts on platelets, neutrophils and monocytes. Moreover, plasma levels of soluble P-selectin, myeloperoxidase and interleukin 6 were determined to estimate the degree of platelet, neutrophil and monocyte activation, respectively. Peak platelet density was analysed at the MI. All other parameters were determined at the acute event and at recovery. Results: At the MI, compared to the recovery, platelet counts were lower (P<.001). In addition, increased neutrophil counts (P<.001), elevated monocyte counts (P<.001), enhanced myeloperoxidase (P<.001) and interleukin 6 (P<.001) levels were demonstrated. We failed to show elevated soluble P-selectin. Compared to individuals with ST-segment elevations and low platelet density (≤1.058 kg/l), patients having peak platelet densities >1.058 kg/l displayed lower neutrophil counts (P<.01) and decreased interleukin 6 levels (P<.01). Furthermore, we demonstrate that individuals with higher inflammatory response at the MI had higher neutrophil (r=.6; P<.01) and higher monocyte counts (r=.6; P<.001) at recovery. Conclusion: We conclude that MI is associated with an inflammatory response. However, a subgroup of patients having MI with ST-elevations and low peak platelet density was identified. Compared to subjects with higher platelet density, they had more severe inflammatory characteristics. The differences persisted during recovery.     

急诊冠脉介入疗法治疗急性心肌梗死近期疗效观察

目的:探讨急诊冠脉介入疗法(PCI)与静脉溶栓疗法早期开通梗死相关冠状动脉(IRA)后对QT离散度(QTd)的影响,为急性ST段抬高心肌梗死(STEMI)综合治疗措施的制订提供科学依据。方法:发病12h以内STEMI患者117例为入选对象,随机分为PCI组(56例)与静脉溶栓组(61例),重点考察治疗前、治疗24hQTd的变化。结果:治疗24h后2组QTd值均明显下降,但治疗后2组间比较具有显著性差异(P<0.01);PCI组与静脉溶栓组的IRA开通率分别为100%、73.8%(P<0.01),平均住院时间分别为14.8d、24.2d(P<0.01)。结论:急诊PCI宜作为治疗STEMI首选方案。     

心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病冠脉造影特点分析

目的探讨心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者的冠状动脉造影特点。方法166例心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者和223例心肌梗死不合并糖尿病患者的冠脉造影结果进行对比分析。结果两组患者比较，糖尿病患者高血压发病率明显增高（P〈0．05），糖尿病组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、体重指数明显高于非糖尿病组（P〈0．05）。心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者较多发生多支病变。弥漫性病变（P〈0．05）。结论心肌梗死合并2型糖尿病患者冠状动脉病变复杂严重。     

婴幼儿肺炎心肌酶谱检测临床分析及意义

目的 为探讨血清心肌酶谱在婴幼儿肺炎、肺炎心衰、健康儿中变化和临床意义。方法 对40例肺炎心衰患儿、40例普通肺炎患儿及30例健康婴幼儿，进行血清心肌酶谱的检测，分析临床意义。结果 肺炎心衰组心肌酶的阳性率及增高程度与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），普通组与对照组无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论 血清心肌酶谱可以反映婴幼儿肺炎合并心哀、心肌受损的严重程度。CK-MB增高是判断心肌损害的关键指标。     

婴幼儿肺炎心肌酶谱检测临床分析及意义

目的探讨血清心肌酶谱在婴幼儿肺炎、肺炎心衰、健康儿中变化和临床意义。方法对40例肺炎心衰患儿、40例普通肺炎患儿及30例健康婴幼儿，进行血清心肌酶谱的检测，分析临床意义。结果肺炎心衰组心肌酶的阳性率及增高程度与对照组有显著性差异（P〈0．05），普通组与对照组无明显差异（P〉0．05）。结论血清心肌酶谱可以反映婴幼儿肺炎合并心衰、心肌受损的严重程度。CK-MB增高是判断心肌损害的关键指标。     

Sono Vue声学造影评价急性缺血和梗死心肌的实验研究

目的采用氟硫微泡声学造影剂SonoVue及间歇二次谐波技术,探讨经静脉心肌声学造影(MCE)评价急性缺血及心梗心肌微循环灌注的价值。方法建立猪急性心肌梗死动物模型。分别于左冠前降支(LAD)结扎前、结扎后3h经静脉注射SonoVue进行MCE。于左室短轴乳头肌水平测定LAD结扎后正常灌注区与缺血灌注区心肌视频密度峰值强度(PI)、曲线下面积(AUC)及无灌注区心肌范围。实验结束对心肌行组织学染色,比较MCE及组织染色两方法所测得的左室梗死心肌面积占左室心肌总面积百分比。结果正常灌注区与缺血灌注区PI、AUC差异有显著性(88.27±8.57vs48.26±4.36;1392.80±198.01vs646.68±55.86,P<0.001)。MCE与组织染色两方法所测得的左室梗死心肌面积占左室心肌总面积百分比呈明显正相关(r=0.85,P<0.05)结论经静脉注射SonoVue,运用间歇二次谐波MCE可定量心肌微循环血流灌注,诊断心肌缺血,准确确定心肌梗死范围。     

参附注射液对急性心肌梗死患者心功能的疗效研究

目的 探讨参附注射液对急性心肌梗死患者心功能的影响。方法 65例急性心肌梗死患者随机分为治疗组与对照组，两组均行常规治疗，治疗组予参附治疗。两组分别行心电图计算QRS记分预测梗死面积与心脏超声检查测定心功能。结果 参附治疗组14～21天后QRS记分较对照组显着降低，梗死面积缩小，左室射血分数（LVEF）明显增高（P均〈0．01）。结论 参附注射液对防止急性心肌梗死梗死延展和促进心功能恢复有一定疗效。     

心达康对急性心肌缺血的改善作用研究

目的 研究心达康对犬急性心肌缺血的改善作用。方法 通过犬冠状动脉结扎导致的心肌急性缺血，观察心达康胶囊和片剂对血流动力学参数、心肌酶谱、心肌缺血区的影响，并作电镜检查。结果 心达康胶囊和片剂对犬急性心肌缺血的血流动力学参数有明显的改善作用；有保护心肌缺血组织的作用；电镜发现胶囊大、小剂量组的心肌超微结构的损伤明显比赋形剂组轻。结论 心达康对心肌急性缺血性疾病的治疗有改善作用。     

30例中青年急性心肌梗死临床特点分析

目的分析中青年(<40岁)急性心肌梗死(AMI)的临床特点,探讨如何预防中青年AMI的过早发生。方法对30例年龄<40岁的AMI组和52例年龄>70岁AMI组患者进行对比观察,从性别、危险因素、临床特点、并发症、预后等方面进行比较。结果中青年AMI男性多见,为29例(96.67%),其中吸烟14例(46.67%)及有高血压或冠心病家族史者7例(23.33%),与老年组AMI类似。发病前有明确的诱因22例(73.33%),高脂血症20例(66.67%),发病时有典型症状胸痛症状者29例(96.67%),明显高于老年组AMI。有高血压病史者3例(10%),有心衰者1例(3.33%),明显低于老年组AMI。结论中青年AMI男性多见,高脂血症、酗酒、劳累为危险诱发因素,症状典型,并发症少,预后好。重视青年患者的调脂治疗可预防中青年AMI的过早发生。