5-氨基水杨酸缓释骨架片的研制

目的 :制备 5_氨基水杨酸缓释骨架片。方法 :采用羟丙基甲基纤维素作为骨架材料 ,湿法制粒压片制备 ,并考察体外释药情况。结果 :5_氨基水杨酸缓释骨架片体外释药符合Higuchi方程。结论 :5_氨基水杨酸缓释骨架片具有显著的缓释效果。     

磷脂酰肌醇3激酶/蛋白激酶B/基质金属蛋白酶-9信号通路在芬太尼抑制人胃癌细胞侵袭和迁移中的作用

目的观察磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(Akt)/基质金属蛋白酶(MMP)-9信号通路在芬太尼抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞侵袭和迁移中的作用。方法将人胃癌MGC-803细胞随机分为空白对照组(C组)、芬太尼组(F组),LY294002组(LY组),SB-3CT组(SB组),LY294002+芬太尼组(FLY组)和SB-3CT+芬太尼组(FSB组)。Transwell实验和划痕实验检测细胞侵袭迁移能力,实时荧光聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)和蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)分别检测MMP-9和Akt的mRNA和蛋白质的表达,使用方差分析和独立样本t检验分析组间差异。结果F组胃癌细胞侵袭数低于C组(35.91±3.36比48.46±4.86,t=3.679,P<0.05)、迁移数低于C组(74.75±3.76比96.00±5.20,t=5.739,P<0.05)细胞迁移率(%)低于C组(14.29±4.29比22.43±3.37,t=3.591,P<0.05),Akt mRNA表达低于C组(0.77±0.02比1.00,t=8.110,P<0.05)、MMP-9 mRNA表达低于C组(0.87±0.08比1.00,t=2.967,P<0.05)、Akt-1蛋白表达低于C组(0.76±0.04比0.90±0.05,t=3.940,P<0.05)和MMP-9蛋白表达低于C组(0.76±0.05比0.94±0.04,t=4.774,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。FLY组胃癌细胞侵袭数低于LY组(18.45±4.86比33.62±4.13,t=4.999,P<0.05)、细胞迁移数低于LY组(42.79±3.56比71.79±7.60,t=5.986,P<0.05)和细胞迁移率(%)低于LY组(7.52±1.30比11.02±1.73,t=2.811,P<0.05),FLY组Akt mRNA表达低于LY组(0.60±0.05比0.76±0.17,t=3.468,P<0.05)、MMP-9 mRNA表达低于LY组(0.75±0.06比0.88±0.03,t=3.288,P<0.05)、Akt-1蛋白表达低于LY组(0.60±0.02比0.75±0.05,t=4.783,P<0.05)和MMP-9蛋白表达低于LY组(0.48±0.03比0.74±0.06,t=7.266,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。FSB组胃癌细胞侵袭数低于SB组(18.67±2.15比32.33±6.20,t=3.607,P<0.05)、细胞迁移数低于SB组(45.67±4.63比75.04±4.47,t=7.898,P<0.05)和细胞迁移率(%)低于SB组(7.09±1.69比14.39±2.06,t=4.745,P<0.05),FSB组Akt mRNA表达低于SB组(0.53±0.11比0.76±0.07,t=2.950,P<0.05)、MMP-9 mRNA低于SB组表达(0.63±0.07比0.84±0.01,t=3.687,P<0.05)、Akt-1蛋白表达低于SB组(0.61±0.03比0.75±0.04,t=4.573,P<0.05)和MMP-9蛋白表达低于SB组(0.53±0.07比0.72±0.05,t=3.730,P<0.05),差异均有统计学意义。芬太尼可降低细胞侵袭和迁移能力,MMP-9和p-Akt表达减少,且芬太尼联合LY294002或SB-3CT较单独用药时进一步加强了抑制效果。结论芬太尼抑制人胃癌MGC-803细胞侵袭和迁移的机制与抑制PI3K/Akt/MMP-9信号通路有关。     

Selected conditions associated with an increased incidence of incisional hernia: A review of molecular biology

BackgroundIncisional hernias (IH) following a laparotomy, on average, occur in 10–20% of patients, however, little is known about its molecular basis. Thus, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms could lead to the identification of key target(s) to intervene pre-and post-operatively.MethodsWe examined the current literature describing the molecular mechanisms of IH and overlap these factors with smoking, abdominal aortic aneurysm, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and diverticulitis.ResultsThe expression levels of collagen I and III, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteases are abnormal in the extracellular matrix (ECM) of IH patients and ECM disorganization has an overlap with these comorbid conditions.ConclusionUnderstanding the pathophysiology of IH development and associated risk factors will allow physicians to identify patients that may be at increased risk for IH and to possibly act preemptively to decrease the incidence of IH.     

细胞外基质在肝细胞性肝癌发生发展过程中的作用

肝细胞性肝癌（HCC）是我国常见的恶性肿瘤性疾病。近年来微环境对癌组织的影响受到重视,其中细胞外基质（ECM）作为HCC组织的重要微环境成分,在肿瘤发生发展过程中扮演着重要的角色,涉及肿瘤的生长、凋亡、耐药、侵袭、转移等。纤连蛋白（FN）、层粘连蛋白（LN）、透明质酸（HA）、胶原蛋白（COL）以及细胞外基质的硬度在HCC的发生发展过程中所起到的特殊作用。正是由于ECM各蛋白成分在HCC中的特殊作用,若盲目降解或敲除ECM中任意蛋白成分,可能无法达到预期的治疗效果,反而加速HCC的进展。所以需要探索某种特定的方法用于靶向调节ECM中成分,精准控制ECM重塑,从而调控HCC的发生发展。HCC微环境是一个持续变化的动态环境,为了尽可能模拟HCC细胞所处微环境,运用多种ECM蛋白成分而非单一成分联合培养HCC细胞以探究ECM多成分对细胞的共同作用是可行的研究方向。     

基质金属蛋白酶类水平与抗结核药物性导致肝损伤的相关性分析CSCD

目的:分析抗结核药物导致的肝损伤(anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury,ATB-DILI)患者基质金属蛋白酶类(matrix metalloproteinases,MMP)水平及其相关性。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集2019年6月至2020年6月昆明市第三人民医院收治的肺结核患者中发生ATB-DILI的98例患者作为病例组;选取同期门诊健康体检者30名作为对照组。采集研究对象晨起空腹静脉血6 ml,采用双抗体夹心法检测其MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-7、MMP-9、MMP-13、MMP-14浓度。病例组研究对象根据ATB-DILI临床分型分为肝细胞损伤型(A组)、胆汁淤积型(B组)、肝血管损伤型(C组)、混合型(D组);根据ATB-DILI严重程度分为0级(无肝损伤)、1级(轻度肝损伤)、2级(中度肝损伤)、3级(重度肝损伤)、4级(急性肝功能衰竭)、5级(致命)。比较不同临床分型组及对照组研究对象MMP水平;分析MMP水平与ATB-DILI严重程度分级相关性。结果:按照ATB-DILI临床分型,病例组中A组有51例,B组有12例,C组有15例,D组有20例;根据ATB-DILI严重程度分级,病例组中1级有33例,2级有27例,3级有22例,4级有14例,5级有2例。A、B、C、D组及对照组MMP-1浓度分别为:(89.1±11.2)ng/ml、(32.3±6.3)ng/ml、(47.5±9.1)ng/ml、(55.2±11.1)ng/ml、(27.5±8.2)ng/ml;MMP-2浓度分别为:(8.2±2.1)ng/ml、(6.2±2.3)ng/ml、(15.5±1.8)ng/ml、(7.2±1.6)ng/ml、(3.2±1.3)ng/ml;MMP-9浓度分别为:36.1(25.9,47.3)ng/ml、11.3(5.1,20.6)ng/ml、14.1(6.1,21.3)ng/ml、15.3(3.8,28.1)ng/ml、6.4(2.8,8.6)ng/ml;MMP-14浓度分别为:5.2(2.8,7.5)ng/ml、6.0(3.6,8.9)ng/ml、11.2(5.2,17.4)ng/ml、4.0(1.8,6.2)ng/ml、2.8(1.4,4.3)ng/ml。A组MMP-1和MMP-9浓度明显升高,C组MMP-2和MMP-14浓度明显升高,差异均有统计学意义(F=7.983,P=0.031;H=9.979,P=0.041;F=9.381,P=0.010;H=10.555,P=0.032)。ATB-DILI严重程度1、2、3、4、5级患者MMP-9浓度分别为:16.2(13.2,19.3)ng/ml、21.5(18.4,23.6)ng/ml、24.3(20.6,27.1)ng/ml、30.3(25.1,35.3)ng/ml、38.5(33.9,43.1)ng/ml,与严重程度分级呈正相关(r=0.882,P=0.000)。结论:不同临床分型ATB-DILI患者MMP-1、MMP-2、MMP-9、MMP-14浓度有不同程度升高;MMP-9浓度与ATB-DILI严重程度呈正相关;MMP水平可能为ATB-DILI发生的影响因素。     

正、反义组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1基因转染对肾小球系膜细胞凋亡及相关基因表达的影响

目的 探讨正、反义组织金属蛋白酶抑制剂1（TIMP－1）对肾小球系膜细胞凋亡的影响。方法 利用前期工作中克隆出的人TIMP－1全长cDNA,分别构建出表达正义及反义TIMP－1的重组真核表达载体pcDNA3-TIMP-1(PTs),pcDNA3-ATIMP-1(PTas),并将上述重组质粒转染至大鼠的肾小球系膜细胞中,Northern杂交检测正、反义TIMP－1的表达。无血清诱导大鼠系膜细胞凋亡,利用DNA缺口末端标记（TUNEL）分析、DNA电泳技术在无血清后的不同时间点检测细胞凋亡,RT－PCR的方法检测凋亡相关基因的表达。结果 转染PTas的大鼠系膜细胞可以高效表达反义TIMP－1,无于血清诱导12h开始发生凋亡;无外源基因转染及空载体转染的大鼠系膜细胞在无血清48h发生凋亡;而转染正义TIMP－1的大鼠系膜细胞可高效表达正义TIMP－1,在无血清4d时才发生凋亡。TIMP－1的高表达或低表达可引起大鼠系膜细胞bax的下调或上调,但并不影响bcl-2的表达。结论 TIMP－1可以抑制无血清诱导的大鼠系膜细胞的凋亡,反义TIMP－1对之则有促进作用。这提示TIMP－1在肾脏除了抑制细胞外基质的作用外还具有新的功能。     

肝癌组织中TIMP-1和TIMP-2的表达意义

目的 了解TIMP－1和TIMP－2在肝癌组织中的表达状态,探讨TIMP－1和TIMP－2在肝癌组织生长、侵润及转移中所起的作用。方法 以抗TIMP－1和TIMP－2单克隆抗体（mAb)为试剂,采用免疫组织化学法检测原发性肝癌、肝高分化腺癌的肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2的表达,并与10例正常肝组织做对照。结果 10例原发性肝癌患的肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达的阳性率为100％,在癌组织及非癌组织中均有表达。癌组织中的TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达的强度比较为6例高于、4例低于周围的非癌组织（慢性肝炎及肝硬化组织）,癌组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白的表达呈散在性分布,但TIMP－1比TIMP－2表达强。9例肝高分化腺癌的腺癌组织中无TIMP－1和TIMP－2相关抗原的表达,但癌周组织的肝细胞有3例TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达为阳性。10例正常肝组织中TIMP－1和TIMP－2蛋白表达均为阴性。结论 TIMP－1和TIMP－2存在于原发性肝癌的癌组织中,其表达的部位与强度可能与癌的生长、浸润及转移有关。     

基质金属蛋白酶-2与喉癌的相关性研究

目的检测喉鳞癌组织中基质金属蛋白酶－２（ＭＭＰ－２）的表达情况,探讨其表达与喉癌临床病理关系。方法应用免疫组化法,检测４３例喉鳞癌组织中ＭＭＰ－２的表达。结果４３例喉鳞癌组织中,２９例（６７．４％）ＭＭＰ－２表达阳性,其中颈淋巴结转移组明显高于无淋巴结转移组（Ｐ〈０．０５）,深部浸润的癌巢及基底膜附近的肿瘤细胞染色尤为明显。结论ＭＭＰ－２能破坏基底膜,与喉癌浸润转移密切相关。     

Periventricular- intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant- A historical perspective

The objective of this chapter is to trace the evolution of intraventricular hemorrhage in the premature infant highlighting the importance of the germinal matrix, a critical role for cerebral blood flow changes in the genesis of hemorrhage, clinical factors that increase the bleeding risk, and potential preventative strategies. In 1976, neuropathological studies demonstrated capillary rupture within the germinal matrix as the precursor of hemorrhage. In 1980, introduction of cranial ultrasound facilitated diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage. In 1979, loss of cerebral autoregulation in sick newborn infants was demonstrated. In the 1980’s, studies demonstrated the importance of intravascular factors in provoking hemorrhage. In 1983, the association of cerebral blood flow velocity fluctuations and subsequent hemorrhage was demonstrated. In 1994, antenatal steroids use to accelerate lung development was recommended. This was associated with an unanticipated reduction in hemorrhage. In the mid 1990’s early indomethacin administration was associated with a reduction of severe hemorrhage.     

Differential modulation of proliferation, matrix metalloproteinase expression and invasion of human head and neck squamous carcinoma cells by c-erbB ligands

Evidence suggests that there is an association between the abnormal expression of members of the c-erbB receptor tyrosine kinase family and poor prognosis in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Until now, the relative contributions of different c-erbB ligands to HNSCC progression have not been clearly defined. In this paper we examined the effects of ligands with different c-erbB receptor specificities in terms of their stimulation of HNSCC proliferation, expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and invasion. Heregulin-beta1 (HRG-β1; selective c-erbB3/B4 ligand) was found to stimulate proliferation in the majority of cell lines, whereas epidermal growth factor (EGF; EGFR ligand) and betacellulin (BTC; EGFR/B4 ligand) induced variable responses. All three ligands up-regulated multiple MMPs including collagenases, stromelysins, matrilysin and gelatinase B (MMP-9) but had minimal or no effects on gelatinase A (MMP-2), MT1-MMP and tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMPs). MMP-9 mRNA was induced to a higher level than other MMPs, although with slower kinetics. HRG-β1 was less active than EGF and BTC at the optimal concentration (relative potency of EGF:BTC:HRG = 3:4:1). In vitro invasion through Matrigel was also increased by all three ligands in proportion to their MMP up-regulation. A specific anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody (mAb ICR62) inhibited MMP up-regulation, migration and invasion induced by all three ligands, whereas an anti-c-erbB-2 mAb ICR12 inhibited mitogenic and motogenic responses following ligand stimulation but had no effect on MMP expression. These results suggest that c-erbB ligands may differentially potentiate the invasive phenotype of HNSCC via co-operative induction of cell proliferation, migration and proteolysis. The EGFR signalling pathway appears to be the dominant component controlling the proteolytic and invasive phenotype in HNSCC, whereas the c-erbB-2 signalling pathway is responsible, in part, for the mitogenic and motogenic effects of ligands. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.