Bleeding from foveolar hyperplasia developing on a gastrointestinal stromal tumor of the stomach

A 52‐year‐old Japanese woman who presented with gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding underwent a proximal gastrectomy for a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) with a foveolar hyperplasia at the apex of the tumor, 4.5 cm in size, located in the upper body of the stomach. Although GIST are often asymptomatic and are found only incidentally, clinical symptoms such as bleeding, abdominal pain, or obstruction, occasionally lead to a premorbid diagnosis. When submucosal tumors present GI bleeding, the source of the bleeding usually is an ulceration of the mucosa over the tumor. However, in the present study, it was thought that the bleeding originated from the region of foveolar hyperplasia.     

Dotlike Hemosiderin Spots Are Associated With Past Hemorrhagic Strokes in Patients With Lacunar Infarcts

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Dotlike hemosiderin spots ongradient-echo T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging of the brain have been histologically diagnosed as old microbleeds associated with small vessel disease (SVD). The authors hypothesize that the presence of many dotHSs may be correlated with the fragility of small vessels and the recurrence of SVD, including lacunar infarction and deep intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). METHODS: To investigate how dotHSs are related to past history of SVD, the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs was investigated in 146 patients with lacunar infarctions (95 men, 51 women, age 38 to 90 [66.6+/-9.4] years). They were divided into 2 subgroups according to history of deep ICHs or lacunar infarctions. The odds ratio (OR) for past history was estimated from logistic regression analyses with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs as well as other factors. RESULTS: Of 146 patients with lacunar infarctions, 11 had past symptomatic ICHs and 19 had past symptomatic lacunar infarctions. An elevated rate of history of ICH was found for lacunar infarction patients with many deep dotHSs (>or=3; OR, 9.1; 95% confidence interval, 1.6-51, P=.015). However, history of lacunar infarction was not significantly associated with the number of subcortical or deep dotHSs. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that many deep dotHSs on T2(*)-weighted magnetic resonance imaging may be correlated with deep ICH-lacunar infarction type of SVD recurrence but not lacunar infarction-lacunar infarction type.     

Measurement of blood loss at childbirth and postpartum.

OBJECTIVE: To accurately measure blood loss during childbirth in a developing country. METHOD: The alkaline hematin technique was used to quantify blood lost during delivery and 24 h postpartum in 158 women in Pemba Island, Zanzibar. RESULT: Women were found to lose less blood during childbirth and 24 h postpartum than previously reported. Compared with laboratory values, nurse-midwives approximated blood loss accurately (mean difference, i.e., mean underestimation by nurse-midwives, 4.90 mL); however, their imprecision was greater for higher laboratory values. CONCLUSION: This study may prompt further investigation, as no comparable data exist for developing countries where maternal mortality is high and severe anemia prevalent.     

脑干出血的CT诊断与预后评估

目的 探讨脑干出血的CT诊断与预后评估的意义。方法 通过对48例脑干出血病例的临床治疗与CT资料分析，探讨脑干出血的位置、大小、出血量与治疗及预后的关系。结果 脑干平均出血量G=3．3675ml，病死率与出血量有关，出血量小于5ml病死率为35．71%（17．97-53．46％)。早期诊断与治疗是影响预后的关键。结论 CT是目前脑干急性出血快速、准确的检查手段，对其临床治疗及预后评估有重要的价值。     

Ischemic and hemorrhagic cerebral lesions of the newborn

Neonatal pathology comprises a large array of cerebral lesions due to ischemic and/or hemorrhagic mechanisms. Pathogenesis, neuropathology, clinical settings in the acute stages as well as short and long-term outcome are discussed.     

重症脑出血微创术后下呼吸道感染病原学分析

目的:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人痰培养病原菌分布与耐药情况分析,其院内感染发生的原因、探讨防治对策。方法:应用痰培养检出的病原菌及耐药性分析。结果:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染41例,其中G-杆菌26例占63.4%,G 球菌15例占36.6%,其中金葡菌11例,药敏仍以敏感菌株为主,但耐药菌株有增多趋势。结论:重症脑出血微创术后气管切开病人下呼吸道感染以G-杆菌为主,G 球菌以金葡菌为主,仍以敏感菌珠为主,耐药有增多趋势。万古霉素对G 球菌,氨曲南对G-杆菌敏感性较敏感,故在培养结果未出来之前经验用药是非常重要的。     

利多卡因治疗外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血疗效分析

目的探讨早期静脉注射利多卡因对外伤性蛛网膜下腔出血（tsAH）继发性脑损伤的治疗作用。方法重度颅脑损伤后SAH患者60例（GCS评分≤8分）。随机分为治疗组（早期静脉注射利多卡因组）和对照组。在治疗前后对患者均进行GCS评分、颅内压（ICP）测定以及头部CT、发射计算机体层摄影（ECT）、经颅多普勒（TCD）检查。结果利多卡因治疗7d后即出现颅内压降低、挫伤脑组织血流供应改善、脑水肿减轻，与对照组比较，有明显差异（P〈0．01）；GCS评分在利多卡因治疗7d、14d后较对照组明显增加（P〈0．01）。结论早期静脉注射利多卡因能明显减轻颅脑损伤后SAH继发性脑组织损伤的程度，有利于神经功能的早期恢复。     

大剂量纳洛酮治疗急性脑出血疗效观察

目的观察大剂量纳洛酮对急性脑出血的临床疗效。方法对60例急性脑出血患者随机分为2组,常规组30例采用脱水等常规脑出血治疗;治疗组30例在常规治疗基础上加用纳洛酮4.0mg,1次/d静滴。2组均治疗14d,同时观察意识状态恢复时间及治疗后评价神经功能缺损恢复情况。结果纳洛酮治疗组意识恢复时间及神经功能缺损减少程度均明显优于对照组。结论大剂量纳洛酮治疗急性脑出血不仅可以缩短昏迷时间,而且可明显改善神经功能,安全可靠。     

磁场治疗白兔脑出血的安全性及疗效的实验研究

目的　探讨磁场治疗对实验性脑出血的治疗作用和安全性。方法　实验一 :5 0只大耳白兔被钩破大脑中动脉以建立脑出血模型。用CT扫描和解剖的方法观察脑出血的情况。实验二 :45只大耳白兔随机分为 0 .4T组、0 .8T组和对照组 ,每组 15只。每只白兔均采用实验一的方法建成脑出血模型。磁疗前CT扫描观察出血情况 ,磁疗后CT扫描观察血肿吸收情况。结果　实验一 :5 0只大耳白兔大脑中动脉钩破术后均出现对侧后下肢无力 ,肌张力降低 ,回缩反射减弱或消失。CT和解剖证实有脑出血。实验二 :45只大耳白兔均成功建成脑出血模型。磁疗前CT扫描 3组之间脑出血差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ;磁疗后CT扫描 2磁疗组之间血肿吸收差异无显著性意义 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,与对照组比较血肿吸收差异有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 1)。结论　用钩破兔大脑中动脉的方法可建立脑出血动物模型。磁场治疗可促进实验性白兔脑出血的血肿吸收 ,且不产生继发性脑出血     

Study of drug control over postoperative hemorrhage after selective caesarean section

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of carbetocin and oxytocin in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage after selective caesarean section. Methods: Two hundred and sixteen pregnant women who were going to deliver by caesarean section were randomly divided into two paralleled and controlled groups, of which the oxytocin group(group A) contained 105 women and the carbetocin group(group B) 111 women. 20 IU of oxytocin was administrated during operation for both groups, 10 IU directly into uterus and 10 IU intravenously. When the operation was over, 20 IU of oxytocin was dripped for group A lasting for 8 hours, while for group B 100μg of carbetocin was immediately injected intravenously for 1 minute. Blood loss as well as hemoglobin alteration was measured for the comparison of the effect of the two drugs. Blood biochemical indicators were introduced for the evaluation of the safety of carbetocin including the function of liver and kidney and the fasting glucose.Results: No significant difference was revealed between the two groups concerning the postpartum hemorrhage within 24 hours, the postpartum hemorrhage incidence and the changes of hemoglobin. There was no significant difference in the change of liver and kidney function, fasting glucose and electrolyte changes as well.Conclusions: Carbetocin has a similar effect and safety of oxytocin in controlling the blood loss of selective caesarean section.