螺旋CT对正常成人下腰椎侧隐窝的研究

目的:研究正常人下腰椎侧隐窝的形态和测量方法,探讨对侧隐窝狭窄的诊断?方法:采用尸体标本解剖与螺旋CT多层面容积重建和表面遮掩显示相结合方法对侧隐窝进行观察,选择椎体上1/4横断面作为研究平面,测量120例下腰椎双侧侧隐窝矢状径?椎管正中矢状径,计算椎管正中矢状径与双侧侧隐窝矢状径的比值,分析其相互关系?结果:下腰椎侧隐窝分三型:三角型?三叶草型和牛角型;正常成人双侧侧隐窝矢状径不对称,右侧略大于左侧(P<0.05),椎管正中矢状径与双侧侧隐窝矢状径的比率相对恒定(P>0.05),正中/右侧=3.93,正中/左侧=4.03?结论:椎体上1/4横断面为侧隐窝入口平面,利用矢状径比值的方法来判断侧隐窝狭窄具有科学性?     

Value of polydirectional tomography in the assessment of the postoperative spine after anterior decompression and vertebral body autografting

With the growing number of orthopedic reconstructive spinal procedures, the use of bone grafting has steadily increased in the past decade. An understanding of the biology of bone grafting is essential for both the clinician and radiologist. Despite the advent of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, conventional polydirectional tomography remains an important tool in the evaluation of vertebral body autografts. Trispiral or hypocycloidal tomography plays a valuable role in the assessment of bone graft fusion and possible complications, especially in the presence of metallic fixation devices. We present our imaging experience derived from 375 patients with cervical, thoracic, or lumbar anterior spinal fusion. True graft complications occurred in 27 patients (7%) and consisted of fracture (4%), malpositioning (3%), and infection (<1%).     

Effect of compressive follower preload on the flexion-extension response of the human lumbar spine.

Traditional experimental methods are unable to study the kinematics of whole lumbar spine specimens under physiologic compressive preloads because the spine without active musculature buckles under just 120 N of vertical load. However, the lumbar spine can support a compressive load of physiologic magnitude (up to 1200 N) without collapsing if the load is applied along a follower load path. This study tested the hypothesis that the load-displacement response of the lumbar spine in flexion-extension is affected by the magnitude of the follower preload and the follower preload path. Twenty-one fresh human cadaveric lumbar spines were tested in flexion-extension under increasing compressive follower preload applied along two distinctly different optimized preload paths. The first (neutral) preload path was considered optimum if the specimen underwent the least angular change in its lordosis when the full range of preload (0-1200 N) was applied in its neutral posture. The second (flexed) preload path was optimized for an intermediate specimen posture between neutral and full flexion. A twofold increase in flexion stiffness occurred around the neutral posture as the preload was increased from 0 to 1200 N. The preload magnitude (400 N and larger) significantly affected the range of motion (ROM), with a 25% decrease at 1200 N preload applied along the neutral path. When the preload was applied along a path optimized for an intermediate forward-flexed posture, only a 15% decrease in ROM occurred at 1200 N. The results demonstrate that whole lumbar spine specimens can be subjected to compressive follower preloads of in vivo magnitudes while allowing physiologic mobility under flexion-extension moments. The optimized follower preload provides a method to simulate the resultant vector of the muscles that allow the spine to support physiologic compressive loads induced during flexion-extension activities.     

Minimally invasive spinal surgery

Minimally invasive surgery offers quicker recovery and less morbidity for our patients through smaller surgical wounds and less tissue trauma. Although minimally invasive surgery has progressed in other fields of surgery for many years, spine surgeons have not previously embraced this philosophy for the various reasons discussed. However, minimally invasive spinal surgery has gained much interest in recent years. With the advent of new instrumentation, technology, and techniques, the promise of minimally invasive surgery in the spinal arena has become a reality. With the use of the microscope, navigational tools, newly developed canula for retraction, and image-guided percutenous pedicle screw systems, we can accomplish the same surgical procedures as currently used through smaller wounds and with greater precision. Nevertheless, all new technology does offer us an initial challenge of steep learning curves. Minimally invasive should not equate to minimal and inadequate treatment for our patients. Furthermore, careful analysis of this new technique is underway to assess its true advantages as compared with our current and proven techniques.     

后路肿瘤摘除固定融合一期手术治疗颈椎椎管内肿瘤

目的探讨经后路全椎板切除摘除椎管内肿瘤,同时行颈椎侧块或椎弓根内固定植骨融合治疗颈椎椎管内肿瘤的临床疗效. 方法采用该手术方法治疗颈椎椎管内肿瘤8例. 结果所有患者术后早期(3周以内)可下床活动,无一例出现眩晕、颈痛、头痛等颈椎不稳的表现.随访6个月～2年未见后凸畸形发生,颈椎活动不受限制,内固定物无松动断裂. 结论经后路全椎板切除同时行经颈椎侧块或椎弓根内固定植骨融合治疗颈椎管内肿瘤,能够维持手术后颈椎的稳定性,防止远期后凸畸形的发生.     

经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱

目的 评价经关节突入路手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的应用价值。方法 2000年 9月 ~2003年 5月我院手术治疗峡部裂性腰椎滑脱患者 83例,随访患者 81例,年龄(55. 25±19. 21)岁,随访时间 (1. 68±0. 93)年。按照不同的手术入路方法分为两组,Ⅰ组经关节突入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定;Ⅱ组经椎板切除入路,椎间融合椎弓根固定。按各组术中的临床出血量、手术时间、术前和术后JOA评分等数据经SPSS11. 5统计软件处理数据。结果　术后采用Stauffer Coventry下腰椎术后疗效评定标准:临床优良率分别为 87%与 75%;术后神经功能改善率分别为 87. 81%与62. 88%。术后均无螺钉松动、断裂或者滑脱加重等并发症,有 3例假关节形成。结论　在峡部裂性腰椎滑脱的患者的手术治疗中,经关节突入路椎间融合椎弓根固定技术具有良好的临床效果。     

撑开式椎板成形术治疗伴有马尾神经损害的腰椎间盘突出症

目的总结分析伴有马尾神经损害的腰椎间盘突出症的临床特点,并对手术方法进行探讨.方法对采用撑开式椎板成形术治疗的26例伴有马尾神经损害的腰椎间盘突出症患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.结果获得随访资料26例平均随访6年5个月,根据Macnab疗效标准,优17例,良7例,可1例,差1例.优良率92.3%.结论伴有马尾神经损害的腰椎间盘突出症的临床症状重,手术治疗需要彻底减压方能取得优良效果.采用撑开式椎板成形术显露,除具有全椎板切除的优点,还不破坏腰椎后柱的稳定性,最大限度地保留了脊柱的完整性,减小了手术创伤,是行之有效的手术方法.     

体重对腰椎后路开窗减压手术疗效的影响

目的对不同体重老年腰椎管狭窄患者行单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,并评价其治疗效果。方法回顾性分析1996年12月～2002年12月间145例因老年腰椎管狭窄而采用单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术治疗患者的病例资料,结合问卷调查患者对手术的满意程度,比较不同体重患者住院期间及术后症状改善情况,评估手术疗效。结果不同体重患者术后腰腿疼痛明显缓解、日常生活质量改善,患者对手术的满意率达67.59%。而且患者的各种统计数据表明,不同体重组之间差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。结论体重在一定程度上影响老年腰椎管狭窄患者的手术治疗结果。单纯腰椎后路开窗减压手术,可以达到较为理想的治疗效果。     

老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症的手术疗效分析

目的:探讨老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者减压手术的疗效。方法:1997年1月～2003年12月收治的70岁以上且获得2～6年随访的退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者106例,男49例,女57例;年龄70～82岁,平均76.3岁;病史4～10年,平均6.7年。42例并存1种内科疾病,55例并存两种或以上的内科疾病。均经过正规保守治疗无效。术前联合内科诊治并存的内科疾病。95例行单纯全椎板切除减压术;11例采用椎板减压、椎弓根固定、椎间植骨融合术,对手术疗效进行回顾性分析。结果:无围手术期死亡病例。出现并发症22例次,经对症及内科联合处理后好转。单纯减压组术后3周配戴腰围下床活动;内固定组术后3～5d下床活动。平均随访3年10个月,Oswestry评分从术前59.64±11.07分改善至16.81±7.36分。所有患者连续行走从术前不足15min改善到至少30min。95.2%患者自诉生活质量明显提高。结论:老年退行性腰椎管狭窄症患者在积极控制并存内科疾病的基础上,手术减压治疗对神经功能的恢复有重要作用,可获得较满意的临床疗效。