Ischemic stress induces deposition of amyloid β immunoreactivity in human brain

The histoblot immunostaining technique for locating and characterizing amyloidogenic proteins was used to obtain information about the relationship of cerebral ischemia/hypoxia to the accumulation of amyloid protein (Aß). We investigated brains of 131 subjects (ages 25–94 years, mean 72 years). Three distribution patterns of A immunoreactivity were identified: (1) colocalization with diffuse and neuritic plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and aging; (2) diffuse punctate deposits in the cerebral cortex in association with small vessel cerebral vascular disease; and (3) cerebral cortical accumulation localized to arterial boundary zones and other regions susceptible to ischemic/hypoxic injury designated stress-induced deposits (SID). SID were not identified in tissue sections by immunohistochemical, Congo red or Bielschowsky silver techniques; no histological abnormalities were present in adjacent formalin-fixed tissue sections. SID occurred in subjects with histories of cerebral ischemia, and severe orthostatic hypotension. There was also an association with aging in general and with the incidence of neuritic plaques specifically. These latter findings are consistent with the hypothesis that brain ischemia/hypoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of AD.     

静脉滴注尼莫地平治疗急性缺血性脑梗死

发病72h内的急性缺血性脑梗死60例,分为2组。尼莫地平组30例(男性21例,女性9例;年龄59±s10a)。wk1.2给支持疗法(脱水剂,维生素C等)和尼莫地平2mg/d于5％葡萄糖液500ml内静脉滴注。wk3.4改用扩容、改善微循环,细胞活性药。wkl-4口服尼莫地平60mg.qn。对照组30例(男性23例,女性7例;年龄58±9a)。不给尼莫地平,其余同上。4wk后,前组神经功能缺损积分值较后组下降显著(P相似文献   

银杏叶提取物对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤时中性粒细胞活化的影响

目的 观察兔心肌缺血再灌注前后ＰＭＮ（中性粒细胞）的活性变化过程。了解银杏叶提取物保护心肌是否与影响中性粒细胞活化作用有关。方法 取３０只日本大耳白兔随机均分为３组,假手术对照组、缺血再灌注组和实验用药组。用药方法：用自制的银杏叶提取物注射剂（总黄酮含量５ｍｇ／ｍｌ）５ｍｌ静滴给药。分别于冠脉结扎前和结扎缺血１ｈ后采血用布式显微镜观察白细胞活化状态的变化。检测白细胞表面粘附分子ＣＤ１１／ＣＤ１８表     

大鼠局灶性脑缺血神经细胞凋亡与坏死的研究

用凝胶电泳及原位末端标记研究大鼠脑缺血再灌流后神经元的凋亡与坏死。采用可逆性大脑中动脉阻塞２ 小时,再灌流０．５～４８ 小时,造成脑缺血再灌流模型（３０ 只）,用ＨＥ、原位末端标记（ＴＵＮＥＬ）和琼脂糖凝胶电泳观察神经元的改变。结果：缺血损伤区位于视前区、纹状体和皮质,再灌流０．５ 小时,视前区的缺血损伤区有较多的凋亡细胞,而皮质、纹状体仅有散在的凋亡细胞。再灌流３～６小时,凋亡细胞数量增多,并可见坏死细胞,１２小时达高峰,持续到２４ 小时,并可见凋亡细胞各种形态,凋亡细胞主要位于缺血损伤区内界,坏死细胞也增多。４８小时完全坏死区周围有成群的凋亡细胞。电泳显示涂片状背景上有明显的ＤＮＡ带。细胞凋亡参与缺血再灌流所致的神经元损伤,凋亡细胞与坏死细胞并存,细胞凋亡使梗塞区面积扩大。     

Role of reactive oxygen in phospholipase A2 activation by ischemia/reperfusion of the rat kidney

Purpose. To investigate the role of phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) in reperfusion injury of the kidney in an in vivo animal model, renal mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was measured under three different conditions. Methods. Male Wistar rats (n = 72) anesthetized with pentobarbital underwent renal ischemia surgically for 45 min and were reperfused for the indicated time (renal ischemia/reperfusion). Treatments included reperfusion for various predetermined periods (phase 1), exposure to hyperbaric oxygen (phase 2), and administration of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger (phase 3). Thereafter, each kidney was harvested, and mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was measured by a radioisotope technique. Results. Ischemia/reperfusion resulted in time-related PLA₂ activation in the renal mitochondria up to 48 h of reperfusion after renal ischemia. Renal mitochondrial PLA₂ activity was further augmented by hyperbaric oxygen exposure prior to reperfusion, whereas administration of the ROS scavengers suppressed mitochondrial PLA₂ activity. Conclusion. These data suggest that ROS may play an important role in the in vivo activation of PLA₂ associated with renal ischemia/reperfusion. Received for publication on July 6, 1998; accepted on November 30, 1998     

Effect of intracerebral norepinephrine depletion on outcome from severe forebrain ischemia in the rat

Manipulations of plasma catecholamine concentrations influence outcome from ischemic brain insults. It has been suggested that these effects are mediated by influences on brain catecholamine concentrations. This study examined whether major changes in brain norepinephrine concentrations can alter outcome from severe forebrain ischemia. Sprague-Dawley rats were administered 50 mg/kg i. p. N-(chloroethyl)-N-ethyl-2-bromobenzylamine (DSP-4) or were left untreated (control). One week later, these rats were subjected to either 7 or 8 min of normothermic forebrain ischemia (bilateral carotid occlusion and MABP=30 mmHg) and allowed to recover for 4 days. Histologic damage was then evaluated. In other control and DSP-4-treated animals, hippocampal microdialysate norepinephrine concentrations were measured before, during and after 8 min of forebrain ischemia. Norepinephrine concentrations were also determined in brain homogenates from non-ischemic DSP-treated and control rats. A 95% depletion of norepinephrine was observed in brain homogenates from non-ischemic DSP-4-treated rats compared with control. During ischemia, microdialysate norepinephrine concentrations increased in control but not in DSP-4-treated rats (P=0.002). For plasma, intra-ischemic epinephrine concentrations increased 8-10-fold and returned to baseline values post-ischemia with no differences between groups. Plasma norepinephrine values remained unchanged in both groups. Histologic damage resulting from either 7 or 8 min of ischemia in hippocampal structures, caudoputamen, and neocortex was similar between DSP-4-treated and control groups. This study could not identify any effect of major changes in brain norepinephrine concentrations on ischemic brain damage. These data indicate that peripheral catecholamine effects on near-complete forebrain ischemic outcome are unlikely to be mediated by effects on central catecholamine concentrations.     

益母草注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注时心律失常的保护作用

目的 :观察益母草注射液对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常的影响。方法 :用SD大鼠复制心肌缺血再灌注模型。 2 0只分益母草组和对照组 ,两组均与实验前、缺血 5min及再灌注 1 5min观察记录心电图变化 ,益母草组于结扎后即给予静注益母草注射液 ( 0 8mg/ 1 0 0g体重 )。结果 :益母草组心律失常发生率 ( 2 0 %)明显低于对照组 ( 90 %) (P <0 0 1 ) ,心律失常持续时间 ( 1 1± 0 89)min明显短于对照组 ( 1 2 1± 2 2 6)min(P <0 0 1 )。结论 :益母草注射液能明显降低大鼠心肌缺血再灌注心律失常发生率 ,对心肌缺血再灌注损伤有保护作用     

1，6—二磷酸果糖预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:观察1,6-二磷酸果糖(FDP)预处理对离体大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法:随机分成两组应用Iangendorff灌注装置用Krehs-Ring(K-R)液和K-R液加FDP5mmol·L~(1)对大鼠心脏进行缺血前预处理10分钟,缺血20分钟和再灌注20分钟实验,观察每期左室舒张未期压(LVEDP)、心肌组织内二醛(MDA)含量、超氧歧化物酶(SOD)的活性。Wistar大鼠心脏48个,每8个一组进行对照组和FDP组对比观察。结果:在缺血前期FDP组LVEDP和MDA无明显差异,缺血期FDP组MDA变化与对照组比较明显下降(P<0.01),再灌注期FDP组LVEDP和MDA明显下降(P<0.05),在FDP组SOD活性明显增高(P<0.01)。结论:FDP预处理具有提高大鼠心肌耐缺氧力,对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,该保护作用的机制可能与清除氧自由基功能有关。     

氯沙坦对在体实验性大鼠心肌缺血再灌注诱导的心肌细胞凋亡及基因表达影响的研究

目的　研究氯沙坦对大鼠在体心肌缺血再灌注后细胞凋亡的影响及bcl 2和bax基因表达。方法　采用末端标记、原位杂交、免疫组织化学 3种方法分别检测细胞凋亡、基因表达产物的mRNA和蛋白质 ,通过图像分析系统测量阳性染色区域的平均吸光度对原位杂交和免疫组织化学检测物质进行量化处理。结果　细胞凋亡数目手术对照组为 (38± 9)个 /HP ,假手术组为 (0～ 1 )个 /HP ,药物治疗组为 (9± 4)个 /HP ,各组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ;原位杂交bcl 2手术对照组为 0 0 75± 0 0 2 0 ,假手术组为 0 0 60± 0 0 1 0 ,治疗组为 0 0 76±0 0 1 4 ,免疫组织化学bcl 2手术对照组为 0 1 37± 0 0 1 4 ,假手术组为 0 0 85± 0 0 1 9,治疗组为 0 1 2 5± 0 0 2 1 ,对照组、治疗组的升高与假手术组之间差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5) ,治疗组和对照组之间差异无显著性 (P >0 1 ) ;免疫组织化学bax手术对照组为 0 0 97± 0 0 2 2、假手术组为 0 0 62± 0 0 1 4、治疗组为 0 0 62± 0 0 1 4 ,对照组的升高与治疗组、假手术组间差异有非常显著性 (P <0 0 0 1 ) ,治疗组和假手术组之间差异无显著性 (P >0 9) ;bcl 2 /bax比值手术对照组为 1 41 3 ,假手术组为 1 376 ,治疗组为 2 0 1 6。结论　氯?