超声引导心包穿刺置管引流治疗心包积液的研究

目的探讨一种安全、简便、可靠的心包穿刺并有效治疗心包积液的方法。方法对27例心包积液患者术前经二维超声心动图定位、定向并测定进针深度后,以Seldinger法进行心包穿刺置入中心静脉导管,连接无菌引流袋持续引流,必要时进行冲洗并注入相应药物,观察疗效、安全性及不良反应。结果27例病例均一次穿刺置管成功,导管留置时间2～31d,引流液量300～7600ml,心包积液引流彻底,心包压塞症状消失,心功改善,疗效显著,未出现严重并发症。结论术前经二维超声心动图定位、定向并测定进针深度后,以Seldinger法进行心包穿刺置入中心静脉导管对心包积液进行治疗安全、简便、可靠,疗效显著且无严重并发症,完全能替代以往的常规心包穿刺术。     

国产封堵器治疗室间隔缺损

目的探讨国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损的可行性及近期疗效。方法2003年6月～2005年9月采用国产封堵器对122例(男65例,女57例)室间隔缺损患者进行封堵治疗。患者年龄1～25岁,平均(9.6±6.4)岁,经胸超声提示室间隔缺损的直径为3.2～14mm,平均(5.6±2.4)mm,心室造影示室间隔缺损的直径为2～10mm,平均(4.0±1.9)mm。在透视及超声监测下通过建立股动静脉轨道、经右心系统释放封堵器,并分别于术后3个月、6个月进行随访。结果122例患者封堵器置入成功,成功率100%。术后超声及造影示少量残余分流12例,3个月内消失。术后出现完全性左束支传导阻滞5例,4周内消失。1例膜周部室间隔缺损距主动脉瓣无残端,应用偏心封堵器成功,1个月后复查出现主动脉瓣穿孔。结论应用国产室间隔缺损封堵器治疗室间隔缺损是安全有效的,近期效果良好,但中、远期疗效尚需更大规模的临床观察。     

小儿复合型先天性心脏病的介入治疗

目的:研究小儿复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法:1994年3月至2003年12月适合经导管介入治疗的复合型先天性心脏病患儿15例,肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)伴房间隔缺损(A SD)或动脉导管未闭(PDA)者,先行PS瓣膜成形术,再堵塞A SD或PDA;主动脉缩窄(COA)伴PDA者,先行COA血管成形术,4~15个月后再行PDA堵塞术;主动脉瓣狭窄(A S)伴PDA者,先行瓣膜成形术,再行PDA堵塞;室间隔缺损(V SD)伴PDA采用弹簧圈封堵。结果:15例患者经导管介入治疗均获成功。除2例PDA术后即刻有少量紊流,余均无残漏。随访(3.57±2.61)年,跨瓣(或跨缩窄段)压差经超声心动图或导管测压除A S外均正常。围术期机械性溶血、弹簧圈脱落和动脉栓塞各1例。结论:复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗只要恰当掌握指征,操作规范,可获得良好的治疗效果;对合并A S者,适应证的掌握及球囊大小的选择需进一步摸索。     

可来福接头在深静脉置管中应用

目的 观察可来福接头在深静脉置管中的应用优势，方法 对260例深静脉置管成功的患者分别采用可来福接头及肝素帽封管，随机分为两组，160例采用可来福接头，100例采用肝素帽，、观察回血、堵管情况及留置时间。结果 可来福接头明显优于肝素帽。结论 可来福接头输液简便易行，节省时间，减少耗材。     

Movement of the side hole occurring in a port‐catheter system percutaneously implanted for hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy

The authors report a case in which catheter‐related difficulties occurred with a port‐catheter system implanted to perform repeated hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinomas. The port‐catheter system had been percutaneously implanted with the catheter tip fixation method, and a side hole had been created in the indwelling catheter for placement in the common hepatic artery. Four months after port‐catheter placement, however, the indwelling catheter became bent at the location of the side hole in the proper hepatic artery. Subsequently, the side hole moved into the left hepatic artery, resulting in a lack of distribution of chemotherapeutic agents to the tumours in the segments of the liver supplied by the right hepatic artery. This situation was easily corrected with a simple interventional radiological method so that hepatic arterial infusion chemotherapy could be resumed with sufficient distribution over the entire liver. To our knowledge, such a problem involving a port‐catheter system implanted with the catheter tip fixation method and its management thereafter has not been reported in the published literature.     

新版美国眼科临床指南(PPP)对间歇性外斜视诊治的指导及解读

间歇性外斜视是临床最常见的外斜视类型。本文基于2017年版的美国眼科临床指南(PPP)《内斜视和外斜视》分册,从病史、斜视专科检查、分型、治疗4个方面对间歇性外斜视的规范化诊治进行解读。     

自制膀胱功能康复训练器对留置导尿患者拔管效果的影响

目的:探讨自制膀胱功能康复训练器对留置导尿患者拔管效果的影响。方法:120例留置导尿患者随机分为实验组和对照组,每组60例患者。对照组患者采用留置导尿护理常规定时夹闭引流导管的方法,实验组使用自行研发的膀胱功能康复训练器训练膀胱的功能。观察两组患者的拔管成功率和护理工作量。结果:实验组患者的拔管成功率为98.3%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01);实验组的护理工作量明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:自制膀胱功能训练器能有效提高拔管成功率,减轻患者痛苦,减少护理人员的工作量。     

Experiencia y tratamiento anestésico en el implante transcatéter de la prótesis valvular aórtica autoexpandible CoreValve®

ObjectiveTo analyze the experience and anesthetic management in the transcatheter implantation of the CoreValve^® self-expanding aortic valve, in a university tertiary hospital.Material and methodsObservational analytical review of data incorporated into a prospectively maintained database of 142 patients diagnosed with severe aortic stenosis who underwent implantation of a CoreValve^® aortic self-expanding aortic valve between December 2007 and December 2012.ResultsThe mean age of patients was 82.5 ± 6.1 years and the logistic EuroSCORE was 14.9 ± 11.2. General anesthesia was used in 107 patients (75.3%), with local anesthesia with sedation in 35 (24.6%). Local anesthesia and sedation was associated with a lower requirement of vasoactive drugs (P = .003) during implantation. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 anesthetic techniques in the duration of the procedure, hospital stay, or morbimortality. The success rate was 97.1%. The most common complication was conduction disorders that required implantation of a permanent pacemaker in 46 patients (32.3%). There was no intraoperative mortality, and all-cause mortality at 30 days was 6.3%, with a one-year survival estimated by the Kaplan-Meier of 83.1%.ConclusionsThis study confirms that in patients with severe aortic stenosis and high surgical risk, transcatheter implantation of aortic valve is a safe and effective alternative. Both, general anesthesia and local anesthesia with sedation are valid options, depending on the experience of the team.     

Atrial Defibrillation:A New Aspect

A previously described method, using two square-shaped pulses for ventricular defibrillation, is tested on atrial conversion. Two main problems are studied experimentally: (1) Synchronization in the ECG cycle, in order to avoid induction of ventricular fibrillation. (2) The atrial defibrillating capacity of the method. The experiments were made in dogs and the method was also tested in man. The results were encouraging.