小儿复合型先天性心脏病的介入治疗

目的:研究小儿复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗的方法及疗效。方法:1994年3月至2003年12月适合经导管介入治疗的复合型先天性心脏病患儿15例,肺动脉瓣狭窄(PS)伴房间隔缺损(A SD)或动脉导管未闭(PDA)者,先行PS瓣膜成形术,再堵塞A SD或PDA;主动脉缩窄(COA)伴PDA者,先行COA血管成形术,4~15个月后再行PDA堵塞术;主动脉瓣狭窄(A S)伴PDA者,先行瓣膜成形术,再行PDA堵塞;室间隔缺损(V SD)伴PDA采用弹簧圈封堵。结果:15例患者经导管介入治疗均获成功。除2例PDA术后即刻有少量紊流,余均无残漏。随访(3.57±2.61)年,跨瓣(或跨缩窄段)压差经超声心动图或导管测压除A S外均正常。围术期机械性溶血、弹簧圈脱落和动脉栓塞各1例。结论:复合型先天性心脏病经导管介入治疗只要恰当掌握指征,操作规范,可获得良好的治疗效果;对合并A S者,适应证的掌握及球囊大小的选择需进一步摸索。

Transcatheter therapy of combined congenital heart diseases in children

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the methods of interventional catheterization for combined congenital heart disease and to evaluate its efficacy in children. METHODS: From March 1994 to December 2003, 15 cases (6 boys, 9 girls) underwent transcatheter intervention for combined congenital heart diseases. The procedure of transcatheter intervention was as follows: for pulmonary stenosis (PS) and atrial septal defect (ASD) or patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), PBPV first, occlusion of ASD or PDA later; for coarctation of aorta (COA) and PDA, dilation of COA first, occlusion of PDA 4-15 months later; for aortic stenosis (AS) and PDA, PBAV first, occlusion of PDA later; for ventricular septal defect (VSD) and PDA, all occlusions with detachable coils. RESULT: Transcatheter intervention for combined congenital heart diseases was successful in all patients. There was no residual shunt after occlusion immediately apart from 2 cases of PDA which were little residual after occlusion immediately. Follow-up for (3.57 +/-2.61) years, the systolic pressure gradients across pulmonary valve and coarctation were normal by ultrasonic or transcatheter, except AS. There was 3 cases presented postoperative complications: 1 with mechanical haemolysis, 1 with fall off of coil and 1 with arterial embolism, respectively. CONCLUSION: Transcatheter intervention for combined congenital heart diseases could obtain satisfactory results with appropriate indications and procedure manipulations.