Estimating numbers of injecting drug users in metropolitan areas for structural analyses of community vulnerability and for assessing relative degrees of service provision for injecting drug users

This article estimates the population prevalence of current injection drug users (IDUs) in 96 large US metropolitan areas to facilitate structural analyses of its predictors and sequelae and assesses the extent to which drug abuse treatment and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) counseling and testing are made available to drug injectors in each metropolitan area. We estimated the total number of current IDUs in the United States and then allocated the large metropolitan area total among large metropolitan areas using four different multiplier methods. Mean values were used as best estimates, and their validity and limitations were assessed. Prevalence of drug injectors per 10,000 population varied from 19 to 173 (median 60; interquartile range 42–87). Proportions of drug injectors in treatment varied from 1.0% to 39.3% (median 8.6%); and the ratio of HIV counseling and testing events to the estimated number of IDUs varied from 0.013 to 0.285 (median 0.082). Despite limitations in the accuracy of these estimates, they can be used for structural analyses of the correlates and predictors of the population density of drug injectors in metropolitan areas and for assessing the extent of service delivery to drug injectors. Although service provision levels varied considerably, few if any metropolitan areas seemed to be providing adequate levels of services.     

阿司匹林精氨酸盐注射液的制备及其稳定性研究

目的　制备阿司匹林精氨酸盐及其注射液 ,并测定含量 ,考察稳定性。方法　阿司匹林与精氨酸反应生成阿司匹林精氨酸盐 ,精制后以注射用水为溶剂制成阿司匹林精氨酸盐注射液 ,用紫外 -可见分光光度法测定其含量 ,考察阿司匹林精氨酸盐及其注射液在 30 ,4 5 ,6 0℃及 30 ,35 ,4 0 ,4 5℃的稳定性。结果　阿司匹林精氨酸盐在高温下不稳定 ,初步确定其注射液的有效期为 1.32年。结论　阿司匹林精氨酸盐及其注射液制备方法可行 ,其原料及制剂在常温下稳定     

中药合天保康注射液治疗椎——基底动脉供血不足性眩晕74例

[目的]探讨中药伍用天保康注射液治疗椎—基底动脉供血不足性眩晕的疗效。[方法]对椎基底动脉供血不足性眩晕74例,以益气、活血、通络作用的方药伍用静滴天保康注射液治疗。[结果]中药伍用天保康注射液治疗,总有效率达93·24%。[结论]中药伍用天保康注射液治疗椎—基底动脉供血不足性眩晕是一疗效显著的方法。     

八种中药静脉注射液与输液配伍的不溶性微粒考察

[目的]考察八种中药静脉注射液与常用三种输液配伍后不溶性微粒数量的变化。[方法]用ZWF-J6微粒分析仪测定不溶性微粒。[结果]配伍溶液24种中不溶性微粒超标的有6种,占25.0%。[结论]由于2005年版中国药典对不溶性微粒限度的要求提高,中药静脉注射液质量已大幅度提高。     

Influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells of asthmatic rats

Objective： To investigate the influence of Danshen Injection on airway inflammation and CD4^＋CD25^＋ regulatory T cells（CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr） of asthmatic rats, and elucidate the possible mechanism of Danshen Injection in treatment of asthma. Methods： 30 Wister rats were randomly divided into control group, asthma group and Danshen Injection treated group. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluids （BALF） were collected, and cytology studies were conducted. Lung tissues were obtained and pathologic analyses were done with hematoxylin and eosin stain （HE）. Flow cytometry was used to detect the CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr ratio in peripheral blood mononuclear cells （PBMCs）. Results： Total cell, the percentage of lymphocytes, neutrophils and eosinophils （Eos） in BALF of Danshen Injection-treated group were lower than that in asthma group （P〈0.05, P〈0.01）. Compared with asthma group, less infiltration of inflammatory cells in lung tissues was observed in Danshen Injection-treated group. CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr of asthma group was lower than that of control and Danshen Injection treated group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Danshen Injection can suppress airway inflammation of asthmatic rats, probably by increasing the number of CD4^＋CD25^＋ Tr.     

醒脑静注射液对脑缺血再灌注氧化损伤的实验研究

[目的]研究中药醒脑静注射液对沙土鼠急性脑缺血再灌注损伤的作用。[方法]采用沙土鼠双侧颈总动脉夹闭制作沙土鼠急性全脑缺血模型,观察干预性腹腔注射西药尼莫地平和中药醒脑静注射液对缺血再灌注急性期沙土鼠脑组织中MDA含量和SOD活力的影响。[结果]西药尼莫地平和醒脑静注射液均能显著提高脑缺血再灌注后SOD活力和降低MDA含量,醒脑静注射液疗效和西药尼莫地平无显著差异,而醒脑静大中小剂量组之间有较显著的差异,疗效随剂量的增加而增大。[结论]醒脑静注射液作为抗自由基损伤的中药和西药尼莫地平有相当的疗效。     

白蛋白联合参麦注射液治疗肺心病急性发作期临床观察

[目的]探讨肺心病急性发作期临床有效措施。[方法]共80例,分成治疗组、常规组,2组均给予抗感染,解除支气管痉挛、化痰,保持呼吸道畅通,吸氧及对症处理,治疗组40例另加参麦注射液治疗。[结果]2组临床疗效对比治疗组疗效明显好于常规组(P<0.05)。[结论]白蛋白联合参麦注射液治疗肺心病急性发作期临床有效。     

解磷注射液氯磷定治疗急性有机磷农药中毒

目的观察解磷注射液合用氯磷定治疗急性有机磷农药中毒的疗效。方法对74例急性有机磷农药中毒患者用解磷注射液及氯磷定治疗(治疗组),对68例急性有机磷农药中毒患者按传统治疗方法治疗(对照组),观察两组疗效。结果治疗组平均用药(5.1±2.5)次,胆碱酯酶(ChE)恢复时间平均为(18±1.4)h,平均住院时间为(4.4±2.5)天,阿托品中毒2例,死亡3例。对照组平均用药(13.7±5.4)次,ChE恢复时间平均为(27±1.2)h,平均住院(7.5±2.6)天,阿托品中毒6例,死亡2例。结论解磷注射液合用氯磷定治疗急性有机磷农药中毒疗效高,阿托品中毒机会少,用药方便。     

RP-HPLC测定注射用甲硫酸新斯的明含量的方法学研究

目的:高效液相色谱法测定注射用甲硫酸新斯的明的含量。方法:SHIMADZU C_8柱(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm),以0.05mol·L~(-1)磷酸二氢钾(用磷酸调 pH 至3)-乙腈(87:13),流速为1.0 mL·min~(-1),检测波长为260 nm。结果:高效液相色谱法测定的线性范围为0.32～0.72 mg·mL~(-1),相关系数为0.9997;供试品溶液至少8h 内稳定(RSD=0.70%);方法精密度良好(RSD=0.60%);回收率为99.1%～99.8%,RSD 为0.54%～0.66%;重复性 RSD 为0.49%。结论:本方法结果准确,重复性好,可用于该制剂的质量控制。     

针刺维生素B12穴位注射治疗面神经麻痹80例

目的:探讨面神经麻痹急性期的最佳治疗方法.方法:在面神经麻痹急性期采用针刺、维生素B12穴位注射疗法与常规针刺方法对照观察.结果:治疗1疗程后,治疗组痊愈率82.5%,对照组痊愈率52.5%,3个疗程后,治疗组痊愈率97.5%,对照组痊愈率77.5%,两组痊愈率比较,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.05).结论:急性期面神经麻痹采用针刺、维生素B12针穴位注射法有助于缩短疗程,提高疗效.