仙璐贝滴剂的药理学作用及临床疗效

仙璐贝滴剂是一种独特的由五种植物组成的复方制剂，具有化解分泌物、抗炎、抗病毒、抗支气管痉挛和免疫调节五大药理作用，是一种分泌物化解药，主要用于治疗急性鼻窦炎及慢性鼻窦炎的急性发作，近年来广泛用于鼻内窥镜围手术期的治疗。本文主要介绍其药理学、疗效和安全性。     

5年剖宫产手术指征变化因素分析

目的分析近5年来剖宫产率居高不下的主要影响因素,为降低剖宫产率的具体措施提供资料。方法对近5年我院所有剖宫产病例的手术指征构成及主要顺位的变化进行回顾性分析。结果①剖宫产占分娩总数的比例有轻度上升趋势,胎吸助产占分娩总数的比例呈显著下降趋势;②剖宫产主要手术指征的变迁因素：剖宫产构成比下降的有相对头盆不称、妊娠并发症、妊娠合并症等;变化不大的是骨盆狭窄、胎儿窘迫、胎位异常;有显著升高的是疤痕子宫、巨大儿、社会因素。结论剖宫产指征已远远超过单纯医学指征的范围,随时代而发生相应变化。     

胶原酶溶解术治疗腰椎间盘突出症的适应症分析

目的：评价胶原酶溶解术后1、2、3年的疗效，分析疗效与适应症之间的关系。材料与方法：按统一的诊断标准、治疗方法，对1996年1月-1999年1月行胶原酶溶术、资料完整的腰椎间盘突出症患者1254例进行随访观察，按统一的疗效标准评价胶原酶溶解术的1、2、3年的疗效。结果：“单纯性椎间盘突出症”，1年优良率93．1％，2年优良率90．3％，3年优良率90．9％。结论：“单纯性椎间盘突出症”是胶原酶溶解术的最佳适应症，合并有其他影响因素的椎间盘突出症应慎重选择胶原酶溶解术。     

Comparing patient and endoscopist perceptions of the colonoscopy indication

BACKGROUND

Determining whether a colonoscopy is performed for screening or nonscreening purposes can facilitate clinical practice and research. However, there is no simple method to determine the colonoscopy indication using patient medical files or health administrative databases.

OBJECTIVE

To determine patient-endoscopist agreement on the colonoscopy indication.

METHODS

A cross-sectional study was conducted among staff endoscopists and their patients at seven university-affiliated hospitals in Montreal, Quebec. The study participants were 50 to 75 years of age, they were able to understand English or French, and were about to undergo colonoscopy. Self- (endoscopist) and interviewer-administered (patient) questionnaires ascertained information that permitted classification of the colonoscopy indication. Patient colonoscopy indication was defined as the following: perceived screening (routine screening, family history, age); perceived nonscreening (follow-up); medical history that implied nonscreening; and a combination of the three preceding indications. Agreement between patient and endoscopist indications was measured using concordance and Kappa statistic.

RESULTS

In total, 702 patients and 38 endoscopists participated. The three most common reasons for undergoing colonoscopy were routine screening/regular check-up (33.8%), follow-up to a previous problem (30.2%) and other problem (24.6%). Concordance (range 0.79 to 0.85) and Kappa (range 0.58 to 0.70) were highest for perceived nonscreening colonoscopy. Recent large bowel symptoms accounted for 120 occurrences of disagreement in which the patient perceived a nonscreening colonoscopy while the endoscopist perceived a screening colonoscopy.

CONCLUSIONS

Patient self-report may be an acceptable means for rapidly assessing whether a colonoscopy is performed for screening or nonscreening purposes. Delivery of patient-centred care may help patients and endoscopists reach a shared understanding of the reason for colonoscopy.     

人工全膝关节置换术的临床应用

目的：探讨人工全膝关节置换在临床应用的疗效。方法：1999年5月～2003年4月共有28例患者02膝）在我院行人工全膝关节置换术,其中男性10例,女性18例,年龄最大72岁,最小32岁（平均56．7岁）,晚期骨性关节炎16膝,类风湿性关节炎12膝,骨肿瘤2膝,创伤性关节炎2膝。术前膝关节平均活动度为52度,HSS评分平均为41分。术后平均随访时间为1年4个月。结果：28例32膝中有1例术后发生浅表感染,经换药后好转。其余患者疗效满意,膝关节平均活动度改善为85度,HSS评分平均为79．5分。结论：对于严重的骨性关节炎、类风湿性关节炎晚期、创伤性关节炎、膝部肿瘤等保守治疗无效的疾病人工全膝关节置换是一种较好的选择,但应严格掌握手术适应证和熟练的手术操作技巧才能取得满意的疗效。     

气管切开术在脑卒中患者中的应用

目的总结气管切开对脑卒中患者的抢救治疗意义、适应证、手术特点及并发症。方法回顾性分析110例行紧急气管切开术脑卒中患者的资料。结果110例患者中合并严重颈椎病采用平卧位手术者5例。术中出现呼吸暂停而先行气管插管再行气管切开者6例。抗凝治疗凝血功能下降术中使用双极电凝止血8例,合并肺气肿肺尖上移4例,置管时出现长时间屏气血氧饱和度一过性严重下降者6例。出现并发症16例（14.5%）,其中因术后伤口渗血行油纱条局部压迫止血者5例,二次手术止血3例,皮下气肿5例,脱管3例,气管内套管阻塞1例。94例患者好转拔管,13例带管回家,3例死于原发病。结论气管切开术对脑卒中患者抢救生命、减少并发症及促进早日康复有重要意义,手术有一定的特点,应采取相应的灵活处理方法。     

心脏再同步化治疗适应证的变迁

心脏起搏用于心力衰竭已有十余年的历史,心脏再同步化治疗慢性心力衰竭的疗效已得到充分的肯定。然而对于心脏再同步化治疗后仍有部分患者疗效不佳,甚至病情恶化,主要源于对适应证的把握不准。所以其治疗患者的挑选有着严格的筛选,随着研究的深入,适应证也不断改动。本篇综述心脏再同步化治疗适应证的演变。     

Endoscopic mucosal resection of early gastric cancer： Experiences in Korea

Endoscopic mucosal resection （EMR） has been established as one of the treatment options for early gastric cancer （EGC）. However, there are many uncertain areas such as indications of EIR, best treatment methods, management of complications and follow-up methods after the procedure. Host studies on this topic have been carried out by researchers in Japan. In Korea, gastric cancer is the most common malignant disease, and the second leading cause of cancer death. In these days, EIR for EGC is widely performed in many centers in Korea. In this review, we will provide an overview of the bechniques and outcomes of EIR in Korea.     

基于临床调查的针灸门诊适宜病症研究

目的:调查中国现阶段针灸门诊治疗病种现状,为针灸适宜病症的确立提供临床依据.方法:通过整群多级随机抽样对2008年全国31个省具有代表性的医院针灸门诊接受治疗的患者进行调查研究,基于帕累托法则和EpiMap软件进行病症分类和分布分析.结果:获得36家医院针灸门诊首诊患者31858例,涉及病症种类368种16个疾病系统,其中最常见病症57种,常见病症60种,少见病症251种.结论:依据本次调查显示现阶段针灸门诊适宜病症368种,各行政区病症种类数量分布不均衡,针灸优势病症系统聚集度高,应加大推广普及针灸适宜病症的应用.