包膜囊上再置乳房假体隆乳术

目的探究隆乳术后包膜囊挛缩的手术治疗方法。方法采用原切口(腋窝顶或乳房皱襞下)，对隆乳后包膜挛缩者采用包膜囊保留并在其浅层再置人假体的方法进行治疗。结果治疗12例14侧乳房包膜囊挛缩症均取得良好效果。结论保留挛缩的包膜囊并在其浅层置人假体的乳房假体包膜囊挛缩治疗术具有创伤小、出血少、操作简便、安全性高、复发率低、并可通过腋窝顶小切口完成等优点，是治疗乳房假体包膜囊挛缩的较好方法。     

MRI对累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的鉴别意义

目的:基于累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的临床不典型性,旨在探讨MRI对其进行鉴别诊断的客观依据。方法:对本组22例可疑累及头颈部淋巴组织的各类病变进行MRI检查并与病理学结果进行对照。结果:MRI对本组22例累及淋巴组织病变的诊断与病理学诊断的符合率(21/22)约为95%。结论:MRI是对累及头颈部淋巴组织病变的重要检查手段,并能为明确其诊断提供客观依据。     

High resolution solid-state 29si nmr spectroscopy of silicone gels used to fill breast prostheses

We have used ²⁹Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the chemical structure of the silicone gels in virgin and explanted breast prostheses. Despite evidences of alteration in the morphological appearance of the silicone gel inside the breast prosthesis, our results do not reveal changes in the chemical nature and structure of the silicone gels after implantation. In addition to the main ²⁹Si resonance peak at ?22.26 ppm that corresponds to the resonance frequency of the D repeat unit of the polysiloxane chains, the high sensitivity of our NMR technique allows the detection of very low concentrations of silicone compounds. Within our experimental detection limit of 0.2%, no signal between ?90 ppm and ?150 ppm are observed. This indicates that no silica products are present inside the gel of the prostheses. Furthermore, our ²⁹Si NMR spectra indicate differences in the chemical compositions of the silicone gels from different manufacturers.     

Image technique optimization in MR imaging of a titanium alloy joint prosthesis

The purpose of this study was to explore systematically the effect of the imaging parameters changeable by the user in spin-echo (SE) imaging sequences to minimize image distortion when imaging joint prostheses. A titanium alloy hip joint prosthesis was studied at 1.0 T. The SE imaging parameters were bandwidth/pixel (BW/p), TE, strength of encoding gradients (matrix size), echo train length (ETL), and direction of phase and frequency encoding. The effect of ETL in rapid acquisition relaxation enhanced (RARE) sequences was also evaluated with a turbo-SE sequence using a different ETL with the same TR and an effective TE. It is concluded that an optimized image quality can be achieved in SE imaging by using a high bandwidth/pixel value (at least 130 Hz/pixel), a high resolution matrix (256–512), sequences with multiple refocusing, and a frequency-encoding axis parallel to the long axis of the prosthesis. The degree of distortion is reduced with this optimized technique.     

复合带瓣人工血管替换升主动脉和主动脉瓣(24例报告)

报告２４例升主动脉瘤伴主动脉瓣关闭不全行升主动脉和主动脉瓣替换及冠状动脉开口移植术（Ｂｅｎｔａｌ术２２例，底盘法２例）。１３例伴有升主动脉夹层分离，对其中８例ＤｅＢａｋｅｙＩ型者，以Ｔｅｆｌｏｎ毡条内外加固主动脉切端后吻合。１３例用人工血管周围间隙与右心耳吻合以控制升主动脉吻合之外的出血。３例以人工血管片环包主动脉吻合口控制局部广泛渗血及出血。２例术毕不能脱离体外循环死亡，手术死亡率８３％。随访平均２１８个月，２例死于蛛网膜下腔出血，１例右股动脉栓塞经手术治愈；其余病人康复良好，心功能（ＮＹＨＡ）Ｉ～ＩＩ级。     

额叶内侧面损伤的临床特点及救治

目的 总结17例额叶内侧面损伤的临床特点及救治经验。方法 对我科1999年7月至2003年4月收治的额叶内侧面损伤患者进行回顾性分析。结果 手术治疗1例，恢复良好，保守治疗16例，其中恢复良好12例，中残2例，死亡2例，全组死亡率11．77％。结论 额叶内侧面损伤一般意识障碍较轻，但易直接发生枕骨大孔疝，严密观察病情及动态CT检查，颅内压监测，不拘泥传统手术指征，及时抓住手术时机，可有效降低致残率及死亡率。     

Outcome after traumatic frontal intracerebral haemorrhage: a comparison of unilateral and bilateral haematomas

Frontal intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) is a common result of cranial trauma. Outcome differences between bilateral and unilateral frontal ICH are not well studied but would be valuable to predict prognosis in clinical practice. Two aims are proposed in this study: first to compare the risk of developing delayed ICH after bilateral or unilateral frontal ICH, and second to determine the variables helpful to predict outcome according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Between January 1993 and December 1997, 694 consecutive patients with traumatic ICH were admitted to the Chang Gung Medical Center within 24 h of the trauma. Patients with ICH in sites other than the frontal lobes were excluded. A total of 161 cases (mean age 46.3+/-20.3 years), including 57 bilateral (mean age 52.5+/-18.7 years) and 104 unilateral (mean age 42.9+/-20.5 years) traumatic frontal ICH were studied. Twenty-eight of 57 patients (49%) with bifrontal ICH versus 17 of 104 patients (16%) with unilateral frontal ICH had a further, delayed ICH. In 42 of 45 patients (93%) with delayed ICH, this occurred within 5 days of the initial trauma. Multivariate logistic regression was used to select significant predictors of outcome. We found that delayed ICH (p<0.001), age (p=0.004) and mechanism of injury (p=0.001) explained the worse outcome in patients with bifrontal ICH. The best-fitting logistic regression model included three variables: delayed ICH (p=0.011), initial GCS (p=0.023), and a sum score of clinical and radiological variables (p=0.003). Bifrontal ICH tended to occur in older patients after a fall and was associated with a higher risk of developing delayed ICH or brain stem compression compared to unilateral ICH damage. Using these three variables - delayed ICH, initial GCS, and the sum score - in a logistical regression model is useful to predict outcome in patients with traumatic frontal ICH and may aid patient management.     

激素对股骨头微血管及组织细胞的影响

目的通过建立激素性股骨头缺血性坏死动物模型,研究股骨头微血管密度(microvas-culardensity,MVD)和股骨头组织细胞超微结构的变化,探讨长期大剂量使用糖皮质激素引起股骨头缺血性坏死的机制。方法健康日本白兔40只,1.86～2.21kg,平均2.06kg。随机分为两组,实验组31只,对照组9只。实验组每周皮下注射醋酸氢化泼尼松8mg/kg,对照组每周皮下注射生理盐水0.32ml/kg。在实验的第4、8和12周分别对实验组和对照组的股骨头行微血管墨汁灌注,研究股骨头MVD的变化;制作半薄切片,在透射电镜下分别观察实验组和对照组的股骨头组织细胞的超微结构。拍摄兔耳背微血管网观察用药前后的变化。结果实验组双侧股骨头松质骨和密质骨的单位面积内MVD与对照组相比在用药3个月后明显下降(P<0.01)。兔耳背微血管网随用药时间的延长逐渐变稀疏。股骨头各系组织细胞内均发现有脂质堆积;骨细胞核膜失去连续性、碎裂,染色质溶解;血管内皮细胞内出现脂滴,胞膜结构不完整,可见明显的裂隙,线粒体肿胀、变圆,结构不清;脂肪细胞异常肥大,核内出现脂滴,并压迫小静脉,管腔变窄;小静脉内可见红细胞相互重叠呈“缗线状”。结论骨内压升高是激素性骨坏死病理过程中的一个表现,与肥大的脂肪细胞压迫小静脉有关。长期大剂量使用糖皮质激素可抑制     

80 例人工全髋关节置换术的中期疗效分析

目的 探讨人工全髋关节置换术的疗效。方法 回顾性研究了1997年3月至2002年12月期间连续全髋关节置换术80例(92髋)患者，平均随访54个月(14～84个月)，分析其中期疗效。结果 翻修率为5．4％(5／92)，Harris髋评分为优良以上84．8％(78／92)，中等8．7％(8／92)，差6．5％(6／92)。结论 外科技术的提高和假体生物工程的发展，提高了全髋关节置换术重建关节功能的疗效。