Phytoestrogens for menopausal symptoms: a review

Objective

To review the evidence that isoflavones are effective treatments for menopausal symptoms and to present the safety data.

Methods

The databases Scopus, ScienceDirect and Primo Central Index were searched and preference was given to systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

Results

The available evidence suggests that isoflavones do not relieve menopausal vasomotor symptoms any better than placebo. Long-term safety studies suggest that women who consume a diet high in isoflavones may have a lower risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Conclusions

Isoflavones cannot be recommended for the relief of hot flushes.     

微波萃取技术在食用植物油与潲水油中胆固醇含量测定的应用

目的:建立植物油类物质(火锅油、潲水油、地沟油及食用植物油)中胆固醇含量测定前处理的快捷方法,并采用超高液相-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)技术定量分析。方法:采用微波萃取技术对植物油类物质进行皂化处理,再用石油醚-乙醚(1∶1)提取后,以2,2,3,4,4,6-d6胆固醇为内标,采用UPLC-MS/MS法,大气压化学电离源(APCI)正离子模式,多反应检测方式测定胆固醇浓度。结果:与传统水浴加热皂化方法前处理植物油类物质比较,微波萃取皂化前处理方法简变、快捷、高效、低污染等优点,测得胆固醇的含量几乎无显著性差别,方法回收率为98%。结论:微波萃取皂化前处理方法可用于植物油类物质中胆固醇含量测定。     

斑蝥消结散治疗男性痛性结节临床效果观察

目的比较观察斑蝥消结散外敷和热敷法治疗输精管结扎手术后痛性结节疼痛疗法。方法将输精管结扎术后痛性结节患者随机分为两组,分别接受热敷法和斑蝥消结散外敷两种不同处理措施,对2组治疗后效果进行比较。结果 2组在治疗后14天,28天,症状分级量化积分,疼痛指数均为显著下降,与治疗前比较,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05,P〈0.01）,2组治疗后症状分级量化积分比较,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论斑蝥消结散外敷治疗输精管结扎手术后痛性结节止痛效果优于热敷法。     

生大黄贴敷神阙穴在经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后应用观察

目的探讨生大黄贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨,预防经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者腹胀便秘的效果。方法选取2015年1月—2019年12月收治的行经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者100例,随机分为试验组50例,对照组50例;在临床护理方法相同的基础上试验组采用生大黄加75%酒精调贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨。结果2组患者腹胀便秘发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),试验组发生腹胀便秘发生率明显低于对照组。结论生大黄贴敷神阙穴配合莱菔子热熨有效地预防经皮肾镜钬激光碎石术后患者腹胀、便秘,促进患者康复。     

Tamoxifen related side effects and their impact on breast cancer incidence: A retrospective analysis of the randomised IBIS-I trial

BackgroundStudies in the adjuvant setting have shown that endocrine therapy related side effects predict breast cancer recurrence risk. Here, we assess the relationship between early reported side effects and incidence of breast cancer in women randomised to tamoxifen for cancer prevention in the International Breast Intervention Study (IBIS)–I trial.MethodsWomen randomised to tamoxifen in the IBIS-I trial and for whom side effect status was known at the 6-month follow-up visit were included in this analysis. Side effects included in this analysis were hot flushes, vaginal discharge, and vaginal dryness. The primary endpoint was all breast cancer and secondary endpoint was oestrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer. Cox proportional hazard models were used to investigate breast cancer incidence in the tamoxifen group with and without side effects reported within 6 months of randomisation.ResultsWomen randomised to tamoxifen and reporting hot flushes at the 6-month follow-up visit had a non-statistically significant increase in breast cancer compared to those without hot flushes (HR = 1.26 (0.98–1.62), P = 0.08). A significant higher breast cancer risk was observed for postmenopausal women who reported hot flushes at the 6-month follow-up visit compared to those without hot flushes (HR = 1.59 (1.12–2.26), P = 0.01). A higher risk was observed for ER-positive breast cancer in postmenopausal women (HR = 1.81 (1.19–2.74), P = 0.01). No significant associations between gynaecological side effects and breast cancer occurrence was observed.ConclusionsOverall, no association between side effects reported at 6 months and subsequent breast cancer occurrence was observed. Some side effects might be useful markers for breast cancer occurrence in postmenopausal women.     

南京市温度对死亡的急性效应研究

目的研究南京市温度对死亡的急性效应。方法利用南京市2007—2012年死因、气象、空气污染数据,使用分布滞后非线性模型(DLNM)分析南京市非意外死亡、循环系统疾病死亡以及呼吸系统疾病死亡的冷效应、热效应、极端冷效应和极端热效应的健康风险(RR)。结果非意外死亡、循环系统死亡、呼吸系统死亡的最低死亡温度(MMT)分别为25.2、25.5、25.3℃。非意外死亡的冷效应、极端冷效应、热效应、极端热效应的RR分别为:1.39(95%CI:1.25~1.53)、1.08(95%CI:1.02~1.14)、1.13(95%CI:1.07~1.20)、1.11(95%CI:1.06~1.16);循环系统疾病死亡分别为:1.67(95%CI:1.44~1.94)、1.11(95%CI:1.03~1.20)、1.25(95%CI:1.15~1.36)、1.21(95%CI:1.13~1.29);呼吸系统疾病死亡分别为1.43(95%CI:1.04~1.96)、1.13(95%CI:0.97~1.32)、1.31(95%CI:1.09~1.56)、1.25(95%CI:1.08~1.45)。结论循环系统疾病和呼吸系统疾病为温度影响死亡的敏感疾病,尤其应关注冷效应和极端热效应的健康风险。     

Multiple system atrophy mimicry in MRI: Watch out for paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis

The hot cross bun (HCB) sign describes cruciform-shaped T2-weighted hyperintensities of pontocerebellar fibers within the pons and is a typical, but not specific imaging hallmark of the cerebellar variant of multiple system atrophy (MSA-C). We report a case of a 51-year-old woman who was first diagnosed with MSA-C based on progressive cerebellar ataxia, the HCB sign and T2-weighted hyperintensities in middle cerebellar peduncles on MRI. However, further diagnostic work-up revealed positive anti-amphiphysin antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid and subsequently breast cancer. This report of a paraneoplastic rhombencephalitis which initially mimicked MSA-C imaging features stresses the importance of considering immune-mediated rhombencephalitis as differential diagnosis in cases of progressive cerebellar ataxia and the HCB sign on T2-weighted MRI, especially in the absence of pontocerebellar atrophy.     

Red clover extract for alleviating hot flushes in postmenopausal women: A meta-analysis

The safety and efficacy of red clover for alleviating menopausal hot flushes are yet to be established. The aim of this meta-analysis was to generate evidence from published literature regarding red clover as a treatment option for menopausal hot flushes. The results showed that red clover when compared to placebo was effective in reducing menopausal hot flushes when administered for 3–4 months (MD = −1.34, 95% CI = −1.90 to −0.77, p < 0.00001), but their effect did not persist at 12 months (MD = 0.89, 95% CI = −0.07 to 1.85, p = 0.07).