Analysis of antibody response to the measles virus using synthetic peptides of the fusion protein Evidence of non-random pairing of T and B cell epitopes

The measles virus induces a life-long immune response associated with antibodies specific for the fusion protein. To map the linear immunodominant recognition sites of the fusion (F) protein of the measles virus, we have reacted a complete set of 108 overlapping pentadecapeptides with purified IgG obtained from donor sera with elevated anti-measles titers. The antibodies recognized about 20% of the peptides and generated a characteristic binding pattern, defining about 6 or 7 distinctive regions (31–75; 111–145; 151–165; 191–215; 271–320; 421–440; 481–530) which include the major hydrophobic segment (111–145) of the intersubunit region and the C-terminal Cys-cluster region. The binding sites were located in close proximity of the few experimentally defined T cell epitopes. This pairing of T and B cell epitopes was corroborated by computer-assisted T cell prediction. The significance of a non-random association of T and B cell epitopes for processing and presentation is discussed. It is speculated that in long-term immunity against measles (F protein), B cells of the same sIg specificity play an important role both as antigen presenting cells and as antibody producing cells. In contrast to human sera from late convalescent donors, mouse and rabbit MV antisera with high neutralizing titers as well as neutralizing MV-F specific monoclonal antibodies did not react with the peptides.     

椎弓根钉内固定加植骨融合术治疗峡部不连性腰椎滑脱

目的 :评价椎弓根内固定结合椎间及后外侧植骨治疗峡部不连性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。方法 :本组 38例 ,均行椎弓根内固定结合椎管减压、椎间植骨及后外侧植骨融合术治疗。椎弓根内固定技术包括 :Steffee 2 0例 ,RF 8例 ,TSRH 5例 ,Socon 5例 ;固定融合范围 :1个节段 2 4例 ,2个节段 14例。结果 :36例病人获随访 ,平均时间 4±2 .6a年。滑脱椎体复位率 80 .6 %～ 93.4 % ,平均 87.37% ;腰痛改善率 94 .3% ;下肢疼痛、麻木改善率 94 .5 % ;间歇性跛行改善率 97.3%。并发症共 6例 ,其中术中并发症 2例 ,发生率 5 .5 % ;术后并发症 4例 ,发生率 11.1%。结论 :椎弓根内固定可满足腰椎滑脱的短节段固定和复位要求 ,临床疗效满意 ,复位、融合率高。并发症的预防与掌握椎弓根内固定技术的熟练程度有关     

DRG付费对医生行为和医疗质量的影响研究:以踝关节和脊柱融合术为例

目的探究DRG付费对医生诊疗行为和医疗质量的影响。方法从11家实施DRG付费或模拟测算的三级综合医院中选取12名骨科医生进行半结构化访谈,采用Colaizzi 7步法分析。结果共识别重要陈述308条,形成治疗决策、环节把控、患者管理、医疗质量4项基本结构。DRG付费后,医生更关注住院费用,以检查和手术为代表的诊疗行为发生了变化;医生诊疗行为的改变可能引起医疗质量的变化。结论医生应主动控制成本,制定合理的诊疗方案;医院需强化临床指南的使用,加强对医疗质量的考核,以防范医生不规范诊疗行为的发生。     

气动磁镜氘氚聚变体中子源的辐射安全管理初探

随着聚变能研究进入工程化阶段,迫切需要高通量聚变体中子源开展材料和部件的辐照测试。基于气动磁镜（Gas Dynamic Trap,GDT）装置的聚变中子源具有中子通量高、测试空间大、建造成本低等优点,是高通量聚变体中子源的理想方案。作为一种新型的放射性装置,在我国现行核安全监管法律法规体系下,如何对其开展辐射安全管理是在该装置建造之前必须要理清的问题。本文分析了GDT聚变体中子源的辐射安全特性,阐明了GDT聚变体中子源的主要辐射源项,并结合我国现有核安全监管法律法规要求,提出GDT聚变体中子源在建造及应用过程中的辐射防护与安全管理要点,建议GDT中子源作为I类射线装置管理,运行之前应取得辐射安全许可证和核材料许可证,特别需要注意对放射性氚的安全防护。本文为国际高通量聚变体中子源ALIANCE的辐射安全管理工作提供指导,同时可供我国的核与辐射安全管理部门参考。     

利用重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2诱导椎间盘成骨的实验研究

目的确定在兔子的椎间盘内注射重组人骨形态发生蛋白-2（recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2，rhBMP-2）诱导椎体间融合的可行性。方法将24只成年新西兰大白兔，随机分为2组，每组12只。用微量注样器将含有rhBMP-2200μg的生理盐水溶液20μl和等量的生理盐水分别注射到成年新西兰大白兔的L4～5椎间盘的髓核内。术后10、30、60及90天进行X线照相和组织学检查。结果注射椎间盘未见免疫排斥反应。实验组可见纤维环和软骨终板成骨并在相邻椎体间形成骨桥。对照组的椎间盘内未见骨形成。结论利用注射的方法，rhBMP-2可诱导椎间盘成骨，达到椎体间融合的目的。     

Anatomic and experimental basis for the insertion of a screw at the first sacral vertebra

Summary The authors present the anatomic and experimental basis of an original technique for screwing at the first sacral level employed in lumbosacral fusion. The anatomic studies were based on specimens from the anatomy museum, frozen sections of the sacrum and CT examinations with three-dimensional reconstruction and assessment of the density of the different structures of S1 in Hounsfield units (HU). The findings were that the ala and lateral portions of S1 contain yellow marrow forming what amounts to a fatty sphere bounded by the cortical bone of the sacroiliac joint, the linea terminalis and the spongy bone of the pedicles and of the body of S1. The experimental study was made by avulsion of sacral screws (system of Cotrel Dubousset), each of 7mm diameter. No screw perforated the sacral cortex. Three directions were tested. The insertion of a screw through the pedicle and body of S1 is advised, with the point of insertion below and lateral to the articular process of S1 and an oblique course forward and inward at an angle of 10° to the sagittal plane. This internal obliquity is limited by the posterior prominence of the iliac ala.

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Bases anatomiques et expérimentales de la mise en place d'une vis d'ostéosynthèse au niveau de la première vertèbre sacrée

Résumé Les auteurs présentent les bases anatomiques et expérimentales d'une technique originale de vissage en S1 employée pour les ostéosynthèses lombo-sacrées. Les études anatomiques portent sur des pièces du musée d'Anatomie, sur des coupes congelées de sacrum, des examens tomodensitométriques computérisés avec reconstruction en 3 dimensions et appréciation de la densité exprimée en unité Hounsfield (uH) des différentes structures de S1. Les constatations sont les suivantes : les ailerons et la partie latérale de S1 continennent de la moëlle jaune formant une véritable boule graisseuse limitée latéralement par l'os cortical de l'articulation sacro-iliaque, médialement par l'os spongieux des pédicules et du corps de S1, ventralement et dorsalement par les corticales de la partie latérale de S1. L'étude expérimentale est faite par arrachement de vis sacrées (matériel de Cotrel Dubousset), faisant chacune 7mm de diamètre. Aucune vis ne perfore la corticale sacrée. Trois directions sont testées. Nous conseillons la mise en place d'une vis pédiculo-corporéale en S 1 ; le point d'introduction est au-dessous et en dehors du processus articulaire de S 1, le trajet est oblique en avant et en dedans faisant 10° avec le plan sagittal. Cette obliquité interne est limitée par la saillie postérieure de l'aile iliaque.

     

Proportional analysis of the kidney arterial segments

Summary The proportional area of each renal arterial segment was analyzed in 49 polyester resin corrosion endocasts of the renal vasculature. We defined a segmental artery as a primary or secondary branch of the renal artery that could be isolated outside the hilum. We found kidneys with five arterial segments in 30 of 49 casts (61.2% of cases) and kidneys with four arterial segments in 19 of 49 casts (38.8%). To enable the evaluation of the proportional areas of the autonomous segments (by using the point-counting planimetry method), each arterial segmental branch was injected with different-colored resin. The superior segment (apical) was present in 36 of 49 casts (73.5% of cases) and had a median proportional area of 13.02%. The anterosuperior and anteroinferior segments were present in 30 of 40 casts (61.2% of cases) and had median proportional areas of 21.36% and 17.18%, respectively. The anterior segment was present in 19 of 49 casts (38.8% of cases; when the mid-kidney anterior surface received only one segmental artery) and had a median proportional area of 28.44%. The inferior segment was present in 100% of cases and had a median proportional area of 22.65%. The posterior segment was also present in 100% of cases and was the segment with the greatest median proportional area (33.76%).     

利用PCR技术构建GM-CSF/Fc_(γ2)~-融合蛋白真核表达载体

目的　对融合基因GM -CSF Fcγ2 进行定点突变 ,去除其补体结合位点 ,构建GM -CSF Fcγ2-融合蛋白真核表达载体。方法　通过设计突变引物 ,利用PCR定点突变技术扩增融合基因GM -CSF Fcγ2-。并通过T -A克隆策略 ,把突变后的融合基因GM -CSF Fcγ2-重组到真核表达载体pRc CMV2中 ,构建真核表达质粒pRc CMV2 GM -CSF Fcγ2-并经过酶切和测序确证。结果　成功对融合基因GM -CSF Fcγ2-进行了突变 ,构建了真核表达载体pRc CMV2 GM -CSF Fcγ2-。结论　利用该PCR方法进行基因定点突变可行     

共表达HIV—1CN与IL—2基因产物免疫鼠T淋巴细胞亚群的研究

目的：研究细胞因子在机体免疫应答过程中的免疫佐剂效应。方法：以表达中国流行株ＨＩＶ－１ｇａｇ－ｇｐ１２０基因的核酸疫苗质粒ｐｃＤＮＡＧＰ及共表达中国流行株ＨＩＶ－ｌｇａｇ－ｇｐ１２０基因与ＩＩ－２基因的核酸疫苗质粒ｐＧＰＨ－２银川市Ｂａｌｂ／ｃ鼠,用流式细胞仪测定１００００个免疫鼠脾淋巴细胞中ＣＤ４＾＋,ＣＤ８Ｔ细胞数及ＣＤ４＾＋／ＣＤ８＾＋比值。结果：ｐＧＩＬ－２与ｐｃＤＮＡＧＰ比较,ｐＧＩＬ－２免疫鼠ＣＤ＾４和ＣＤ＾８Ｔ细胞数明显提高。结论：在机体的免疫应答过程中,细胞因子ＩＬ－２能很好地发挥免疫佐剂的作用。     

一种新的融合表达载体的构建

利用Ｌ－ａｎｓＢ基因片段构建了融合表达载体ｐＥＣ,其中Ｌ－ａｎｓＢ基因中编码唯一酸水解位点的序列已通过定点突变消除,并在它的３’端引入了新的酸水解位点编码序列和方便外源基因插入的克隆位点ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ,外源基因可从克隆位点ＢａｍＨＩ和ＨｉｎｄⅢ处插入ｐＥＣ中,表达的融合蛋白用酸水解法加工后仅被切割成一大一小两个片段,不会导致产物混杂,ｈＧＲＦ对它进行验 结果显示ｈＧＲＦ基因不仅能按正确的读