基因芯片筛选抗胸腺细胞血清性肾炎大鼠肾组织基因表达差异的初步研究

目的： 利用基因芯片检查大鼠系膜增生性肾炎，即抗胸腺细胞血清性肾炎(ATSN)模型大鼠发病 40 min 和 5 d 时肾组织相关基因的表达情况，探讨ATSN大鼠不同时相肾组织基因表达的差异并作功能分析。 方法： 用抗胸腺细胞抗血清（ATS）复制大鼠ATSN模型，抽提发病 40 min 和 5 d 时肾组织RNA，分别用逆转录合成荧光分子掺入的cDNA作探针进行基因芯片杂交。用Agilent 扫描仪扫描，Imagene软件读取数据，最后用Genespring进行normalize处理和差异表达基因的筛选。差异基因筛选标准为实验组/对照组比值（ratio）>或=2为上调基因，实验组/对照组ratio<或=0.5为下调基因。然后选取上调和下调基因登录GenBank查找其相关功能。 结果： 在 9 234 个大鼠基因中（去除质控基因），ATSN大鼠 40 min 时肾组织上调基因为341个，其中部分为凋亡相关的调控基因，部分为增生相关基因及一些与信号转导有关的基因；下调基因为392个，其中一些是酶类基因，部分为生长因子和细胞因子受体基因等，其余大多上调和下调基因功能不详。ATSN发病 5 d 时，肾组织上调基因是213个，包括增生相关基因、信号转导相关基因等；下调基因119个，其中部分为酶类和细胞因子相关基因。5 d 时上调和下调基因大多功能不清楚。 结论： 大鼠ATSN发病早期（40 min），致病相关基因已被激活（如凋亡和增生相关基因），其中相关信号转导分子基因也表达上调，而在ATSN大鼠发病 5 d 时，基因表达谱有所改变，其中涉及的基因多为增生相关基因和信号转导相关基因。     

Responses of calves to acute stress: individual consistency and relations between behavioral and physiological measures

The present study examined the consistency over time of individual differences in behavioral and physiological responsiveness of calves to intuitively alarming test situations as well as the relationships between behavioral and physiological measures. Twenty Holstein Friesian heifer calves were individually subjected to the same series of two behavioral and two hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis reactivity tests at 3, 13 and 26 weeks of age. Novel environment (open field, OF) and novel object (NO) tests involved measurement of behavioral, plasma cortisol and heart rate responses. Plasma ACTH and/or cortisol response profiles were determined after administration of exogenous CRH and ACTH, respectively, in the HPA axis reactivity tests. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to condense correlated measures within ages into principal components reflecting independent dimensions underlying the calves' reactivity. Cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests were positively associated with the latency to contact and negatively related to the time spent in contact with the NO. Individual differences in scores of a principal component summarizing this pattern of inter-correlations, as well as differences in separate measures of adrenocortical and behavioral reactivity in the OF and NO tests proved highly consistent over time. The cardiac response to confinement in a start box prior to the OF test was positively associated with the cortisol responses to the OF and NO tests at 26 weeks of age. HPA axis reactivity to ACTH or CRH was unrelated to adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty. These findings strongly suggest that the responsiveness of calves was mediated by stable individual characteristics. Correlated adrenocortical and behavioral responses to novelty may reflect underlying fearfulness, defining the individual's susceptibility to the elicitation of fear. Other independent characteristics mediating reactivity may include activity or coping style (related to locomotion) and underlying sociality (associated with vocalization).     

急诊病房住院患者临床特征及卫生经济学指标分析

目的探讨2668例急诊病房住院患者的临床病例特点,为急诊医护工作提供参考依据。方法选取2015年1月至2018年6月于宣武医院急诊科病房住院的2668例患者,回顾性地采集研究数据,包括性别、年龄、共病受累系统、住院费用、住院时间、住院前及出院前自理生活能力评分。结果1)男性患者入院平均年龄小于女性[(67.2±17.1)岁vs(70.7±17.2)岁](P<0.01)。2)2408例(90.25%)入院患者罹患3种以上共病,共病受累系统主要为呼吸、循环、内分泌。3)患者入院前生活能力评分显著低于出院前生活能力评分(69.42±25.09 vs 78.12±26.13)(P<0.001)。4)Barthel评分与住院时间、住院费用、白蛋白减低、贫血呈负相关。结论急诊病房病种复杂,涉及多学科多专业,病情危重多变,应在临床诊治和护理过程中给予综合、全面的评估,提高患者的治愈率。     

基于灰色关联分析的中医证候推理诊断方法

针对中医诊断专家系统存在的问题,通过模拟专家诊断的思维过程,引入征候筛选和灰色关联分析模型对诊断过程进行模拟和评价,实现了一个新的计算机化中医诊断方法。     

High-throughput single strand conformation polymorphism mutation detection by automated capillary array electrophoresis: validation of the method

Capillary array electrophoresis (CAE) is a novel technique, which allows for high throughput analysis of DNA fragments. When screening for mutations in whole populations or large patient groups it is necessary to have robust and well-characterized setups for high throughput analysis. For large-scale mutation screening, we have developed procedures for single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) assays using CAE (CAE-SSCP) whereby we may increase both the sensitivity and the throughput compared to conventional SSCP analysis. In this study we have validated CAE-SSCP by 1) comparing detection by slab-gel based SSCP with CAE-SSCP of mutations in the MYH7, MYL2, and MYL3 genes encoding sarcomere proteins from patients suffering from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; and 2) by constructing a series of 185 mutants having substitution mutations, as well as insertion/deletion mutations, or some combinations of these, in different sequence contexts in four exons and different positions relative to the end of the amplicon (three from the KCNQ1 gene, encoding a cardiac potassium channel, and one from the TNNI3 gene encoding cardiac troponin I). The method identified 181 out of 185 mutations (98%), and the data suggest that the position of mutation in the fragment had no effect on the sensitivity. Analysis of the specificity of the method showed that only very few mutants could not be distinguished from each other and there were no false positives.     

抗CD3单克隆抗体重、轻链可变区基因的克隆及序列分析

目的：抗CD3单克隆抗体（WuT3)可变区基因克隆及序列分析。方法；采用RT-PCR技术，从WuT3杂交瘤细胞总RNA中扩增VH，VL片段，经酶切后通过链接反应构建重组克隆载体，测序鉴定。结果：通过国际联机检索发现VH，VL基因与Ig同源，分别符合小鼠IgVH,Vк基因特征。VH基因属于鼠重链VH第ⅡB亚类，全长363bp，可编码121个氨基酸；VL基因属于鼠к轻链第Ⅲ亚类，全长330bp，可编码110个氨基酸，结论：成功获得WuT3单抗的重，轻链可变区基因。     

Automatic analysis of immunocytochemically stained tissue samples

An automatic colour image segmentation and cell counting software system has been developed for immunocytochemical analysis of stained tissue samples. The system was designed to count the total number of positive and negative cells in tissue samples treated with cytokine DNA probes from pigs naturally parasitised with Taenia solium metacestodes, using in situ hybridisation. A reaction index was calculated as the ratio of the number of cells with a positive reaction to the total number of cells (positives plus negatives) for each of five different probes. The objectives of automatic counting were to improve the reproducibility of the analysis and reduce the processing time of large image batches. A fast KNN classifier was used for colour segmentation. Watershed segmentation combined with edge detection was used to isolate individual cells that were then automatically labelled, using the results of the corresponding colour segmented image. Validation was performed on 122 non-training digital images with a total of 1069 positive cells and 1459 negative cells, with the following results: a mean true positive rate of 90.2% for positive cells and a mean true positive rate of 85.4% for negative cells. The corresponding mean false positive rates were 9.6% and 6.6%. The mean reaction index error of the automatic analysis was 5.35%. The processing of each digital image took 10 s on a Pentium IV PC.     

基于实时三维超声图像的二尖瓣环重建及运动分析

二尖瓣环的非平面特性对二尖瓣返流的超声诊断和二尖瓣环成形术的合理设计具有重要意义.基于心脏的实时三维超声图像,我们研究了一种对二尖瓣环三维重建及运动分析的方法.首先通过人机交互方式提取出二尖瓣环的特征点,并根据位置关系对特征点排序,然后利用非均匀有理B样条曲线建立二尖瓣环三维形态模型,并编程实现二尖瓣环的动态显示和运动分析.通过对20组病例分析,初步证明此方法所建模型较准确反映患者的二尖瓣环的运动,能满足二尖瓣环三维可视化和分析研究的需要.     

Evolution of semen quality in North-eastern Spain: a study in 22,759 infertile men over a 36 year period

A retrospective study was conducted in a large population to determine whether sperm quality has changed in Northeastern Spain between 1960 and 1996. From a total initial population of 22,759 men, two separate groups were studied: men with spermatozoa (n = 20,411) and those with azoospermia (n = 1364). After adjustment for age and sexual abstinence, multiple linear regression analyses were used to assess changes in semen parameters over time. A 0.2% decline was observed in semen volume in the spermatozoa group (P < 0.001). No significant increase (0.04%) in sperm count (x 10(6)/ml) was observed in the spermatozoa group. There was a 0.4% increase in motile spermatozoa in the spermatozoa group (P < 0.001). There was a statistically significant decline in normal spermatozoa (3.6%) in the spermatozoa group (P < 0.001). Of the total population, 1364 men had azoospermia (6.0%). The changes observed in the semen parameters analysed in this large population showed no evidence of a deteriorating sperm quality, although a statistically significant decline was observed in the percentage of normal spermatozoa.