Ⅲ期食管癌后程加速超分割三维适形放射治疗协同化疗的疗效分析

目的　分析临床Ⅲ期食管癌常规放射治疗后进行后程加速超分割三维适形放射治疗协同化疗的疗效、副反应及失败原因。方法　将食管鳞癌 98例随机均分至 2个组 :( 1)单纯放射治疗组前 2 / 3疗程常规设野放射治疗 4 0Gy左右 ,后 1/ 3疗程改为CT模拟定位三维计划系统设野后程加速超分割适形放射治疗 ,1.5Gy/次 ,2次 /d ,共 15～ 2 4Gy左右 ;总剂量为 5 5～ 6 4Gy ,30～ 36分次 ,全疗程35～ 4 0d。 ( 2 )协同化疗组在上述放射治疗的同时加用顺铂 2 0mg(第 1～ 5天 )、亚叶酸钙 2 0 0mg(第 6～ 10天 )、氟尿嘧啶 5 0 0mg(第 6～ 10天 ) ,2 8d为 1个周期 ,共 5个周期。结果　随访 8～ 4 8个月 ,单纯放射治疗组和协同化疗组的 1、2、3年生存率分别为 73%、5 3%、35 %和 76 %、73%、5 5 % ,协同化疗组高于单纯放射治疗组 ( χ2 =4 .12 ,P <0 .0 5 ) ;1、2、3年局部控制率分别为 76 %、5 9%、4 9%和 82 %、76 %、6 9 % ,协同化疗组高于单纯放射治疗组 ( χ2 =4 .2 2 ,P <0 .0 5 )。Cox回归分析显示病变部位是独立的预后因素 ,颈段、胸上段食管癌预后明显优于胸中段食管癌。结论　常规放射治疗后进行后程加速超分割三维适形放射治疗可作为颈段、胸上段Ⅲ期食管癌的首选方法之一 ,协同化疗可以提高局部控制率和生存率     

不同剂量石菖蒲对中枢神经系统影响的实验研究

目的研究不同剂量石菖蒲对中枢神经系统的影响。方法观察不同剂量的石菖蒲对小鼠睡眠时间、缺氧生存时间的影响,以及对脑缺血大鼠脑含水量、细胞凋亡、内皮素(ET)、丙二醛(MDA)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化酶(GSH-Px)等指标的影响。结果与对照组比较,各种剂量的石菖蒲能缩短小鼠睡眠持续时间及延长小鼠缺氧的生存时间;高剂量石菖蒲能明显降低脑缺血大鼠脑含水量和MDA水平,抑制脑组织细胞凋亡,增加SOD含量及GSH-Px活性。结论高剂量的石菖蒲对中枢神经系统保护作用最强,中、低剂量次之。     

CalcDose: A Software for Drug Dosage Conversion Using Metabolically Active Mass of Animals

Abstract

This Visual Basic computer program has been developed for drug dosage conversions using metabolically active mass (MAM) of the animals. The two body weights (one with known dosage and the other, for which the dosage has to be calculated) and the known dosage are entered in the respective input boxes and the appropriate units are selected using the option buttons. The program displays the report in the form of both the animals’ body weights and the respective dosages in milligram per kilogram body weight as well as the total actual doses in milligrams. The object oriented layout, flexible data entry and comprehensive report format render the CalcDose software a convenient and handy tool for dosage conversions.     

不同剂量的纳络酮治疗早期高血压脑出血的临床研究

目的探究不同剂量的纳络酮治疗早期高血压脑出血的临床效果。方法回顾性分析86例早期高血压脑出血患者的临床资料,分成观察组和对照组患者各43例。在常规治疗的基础上,观察组进行大剂量纳洛酮(7 mg/d)进行治疗,对照组进行常规剂量(3 mg/d)的治疗,对比分析两组患者的脑水肿、颅内压变化和意识障碍恢复时间的情况。结果观察组患者的治疗效果较好(P<0.05)。结论与常规剂量治疗的方法相比,大剂量使用纳洛酮更有利于患者的疾病治疗情况。     

High Fluctuation Between Anticoagulants,Frequent Off-Label Dosing,and No Difference Concerning Outcomes: Results of a Real-Life Cohort Study

BackgroundRecently published studies indicated a high proportion of patients taking direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are off-label under- or overdosed. The present study aimed at investigating whether off-label dosages are corrected over time and whether off-label doses are associated with differences in bleeding rates, ischemic stroke, or venous thromboembolism.MethodsIn this retrospective cohort study, patients presenting to our emergency department between January 1 and December 31, 2018, with therapeutic oral anticoagulation were included (ie, vitamin-K antagonists [VKAs], rivaroxaban, apixaban, edoxaban, and dabigatran) and follow-up for a maximum of 2 years until December 31, 2019, was made. Detailed chart reviews were performed for each case concerning characteristics, indication, bleeding complications, or changes in the used substance or dosage.ResultsWe reviewed 2588 consultations of 1228 patients receiving therapeutic oral anticoagulation. During the maximum follow-up period of 2 years vitamin K antagonists and rivaroxaban lost the largest proportions in favor of apixaban. The overall distribution of dosage correctness remained almost unimproved (correct dosing in 62.5%, underdosing in 23.6%, coverdosing in 13.9%).The corresponding outcomes did not differ with respect to bleeding events, ischemic stroke, or venous thromboembolism among various anticoagulants as well as between correct and off-label doses.ConclusionsA rising proportion of existing oral anticoagulation regimes was changed to apixaban, while the proportion of off-label dosages of all oral anticoagulants remained stable. No difference in bleeding rates, de novo strokes, or thromboembolisms was found between anticoagulants as well as between correct and off-label doses.     

阿替普酶治疗不同时间窗发病急性脑梗死疗效观察

目的观察不同剂量阿替谱酶(rt-PA)治疗不同时间窗发病急性脑梗死的疗效观察。方法选择2019年1月至12月于发病<4.5 h行rt-PA静脉溶栓治疗的急性脑梗死患者122例,对其资料进行回顾性分析。按照发病时间窗、rt-PA剂量不同分为4组,发病至用药时间<3 h为Ⅰ组,rt-PA剂量0.6mg/kg(Ⅰa组),0.9 mg/kg(Ⅰb组);发病至用药3~4.5 h为Ⅱ组,rt-PA剂量0.6 mg/kg(Ⅱa组),0.9 mg/kg(Ⅱb组)。比较4组患者间溶栓治疗后2h、24 h、7 d神经功能缺损量表(NIHSS)评分改善情况。结果Ⅰa组与Ⅱa组比较,溶栓后2h、24h、7d NIIHSS改善程度较后者明显(P<0.05);Ⅰb组与Ⅱb组比较,溶栓后2 h NIHSS改善程度较后者明显(P<0.05)。Ⅰ组与型组比较,2h、24 h、7 d症状程度明显改善(P<0.05)。结论超早期应用rt-PA,治疗时间窗越短,早期疗效越佳。