Median labiomandibular glossotomy approach to the craniocervical region

INTRODUCTION: In children as well as adults, adequate access to the craniocervical junction and upper cervical vertebra can usually be achieved with a transoral-transpalatopharyngeal route. However, when access is necessary to achieve the C5 level and the upper cervical spine in children, this is very difficult. This is particularly so when the incisor opening is less than 2.5 cm. The median labiomandibular glossotomy provides such an approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Our experience with five children is presented in a representative case: a 4-year-old male with a family history of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia presented with mild quadriparesis, 2 years earlier. This had rapid progression with severe upper cervical kyphosis. A standard transoral-transpalatopharyngeal approach or a lateral extrapharyngeal approach would not achieve exposure of the pathology. Hence, a median labiomandibular glossotomy was utilized for ventral decompression with an anterior interbody fusion between C2 and C4. Crown halo cervical traction was placed intraoperatively before a tracheostomy and tonsillectomy. A median labiomandibular glossotomy was then made with resection of the displaced odontoid process and the vertebral bodies of C3 and C4. This was followed by an anterior interbody fusion between the C2 and C4 vertebrae with costal rib grafts. RESULT AND CONCLUSION: He was successfully decannulated during the second postoperative week upon resolution of lingual edema. A planned staged dorsal occipitocervical fusion was performed 6 months later, at which time the ventral fusion was quite solid. He had full neurological recovery.     

Instrumented posterior interbody fusion in degenerative and multioperated lumbar spine

Abstract Lumbar interbody fusion is a valid technique for the treatment of disc diseases. We report a series of 37 patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion with titanium cylindric screwing-expansion cages. Clinical outcomes and radiological results were evaluated 3 years after surgery. After surgery, the majority of patients returned to their normal activities. Follow-up plain roentgenograms showed no loss of disc height and no signs of implant looseness. Computed tomography (CT) showed the presence of mineralized autologous bone grafts inside the interbody cages. Expandable interbody cages allow the restoration of disc space height, giving support to the anterior column, opening the neuroforaminal area and providing increased stability. The interpretation of fusion on the basis of roentgenograms is difficult; CT offers more information than radiography about the fusion process, but a bony arthrodesis cannot be demonstrated with certainty.     

颈椎外伤合并反曲畸形的手术治疗

目的　探讨颈前路撑开的矫形方式在治疗颈椎外伤合并反曲畸形中的作用。方法　 2 7例颈椎外伤合并反曲畸形的患者 ,在颈前路椎体切除、减压基础上应用前路撑开技术矫正反曲畸形。结果　 2 6例获得平均 4 2个月随访。根据Odom标准 ,优良率 80 .7%。所有患者都未发生与手术内植物有关的并发症。术前平均颈椎反曲角度为 2 4 .0° ,术后平均矫正了 14 .1° ,到随访时止平均矫正了 12 .7°。结论　采用颈前路撑开技术对于颈椎外伤合并反曲畸形具有比较好的矫正作用     

腰椎相关结构的退变规律

目的 研究腰椎退变患者腰椎骨质、椎间盘、韧带、椎小关节退变及腰椎退变性失稳与年龄、性别的相关性,探讨腰椎退变规律.资料与方法 对1 180例腰椎退变患者的腰椎CT进行分析,观察不同年龄段、不同性别间椎体骨质、椎间盘、椎小关节、韧带退变以及退变性腰椎失稳的发生率.结果 腰椎退变患者腰椎间盘的退变率最高,其次是腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带、腰椎失稳.以36岁为年龄分界,36岁以下为腰椎低退变率年龄,以上是腰椎高退变率年龄,不同结构伴随年龄增长的退变率并不是同步递增的,腰椎骨质、椎小关节、韧带退变率及腰椎失稳发生率最高在65岁以上年龄段,而腰椎间盘退变率最高在36～45岁年龄段.男性腰椎间盘、骨质的退变率明显高于女性;椎小关节、韧带的退变率在男、女性间无显著差异;而女性腰椎失稳率明显高于男性.结论 总体上伴随年龄增长的腰椎退变,其不同结构的退变规律不一,在不同年龄段及性别间都存在明显差异,全面分析腰椎退变的影像表现有利于对腰椎退变性疾病的理解和治疗.     

退行性多节段腰椎管狭窄症定位诊断

目的 :探讨退行性多节段腰椎管狭窄症术前定位诊断准确方法 ,以减少手术对后柱的创伤。方法 :回顾分析退行性腰椎管狭窄症 68例患者术前定位、术中所见以及术后疗效。结果 :退行性腰椎管狭窄症临床表现复杂 ,定位诊断较易出现错误与遗漏。结论 :病史采集分析、影像检查的选择与临床症状、体征相结合是准确定位诊断的关键。     

哈氏压缩棍治疗青年性脊柱后凸

目的:介绍哈氏压缩棍治疗青年性脊柱后凸的手术方法.方法:自后路行多间隙关节突间截骨,用哈氏压缩棍固定,治疗青年性脊柱后凸.结果:本方法经过30例青年性脊柱后凸患者的临床应用,收到满意效果.结论:哈氏压缩棍是治疗青年性脊柱后凸的有效工具.     

C7 decancellisation closing wedge osteotomy for the correction of fixed cervico-thoracic kyphosis

Our objective is to report on the clinical and radiological outcome following a decancellisation closing wedge osteotomy for the correction of fixed cervico-thoracic kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. The only treatment available for severe fixed flexion deformity of the cervical spine in these patients is an extension osteotomy. Traditionally an anterior opening, posterior closing wedge osteotomy is performed with or without internal fixation. We describe a decancellisation closing wedge osteotomy of C7 accompanied by secure segmental internal fixation. Eight patients operated between 1990 and 2003 with mean age of 54 years and minimum follow up of 2 years were retrospectively evaluated. Restoration of normal forward gaze was achieved in all patients. No patient suffered spinal cord injury or permanent nerve root palsy. There was no loss of correction or pseudarthrosis at final follow up. C7 decancellisation closing wedge osteotomy supplemented with secure segmental internal fixation in experienced hands provides a safe and effective treatment for fixed cervico-thoracic kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis.     

神经纤维瘤病致营养不良性脊柱侧凸的影像学特征和临床意义

目的　拟通过对神经纤维瘤病 (Neurofibromatosis)伴发营养不良脊柱侧凸的影像学特征进行分析 ,探讨其临床意义。方法　对 2 0 0 0年 7月到 2 0 0 2年 12月南京鼓楼医院收治的 34例神经纤维瘤病伴发脊柱侧凸畸形患者影像学资料进行回顾性研究。结果　神经纤维瘤病伴发的营养不良性脊柱侧凸与特发性脊柱侧凸之间存在有显著的影像学差异。最常见的影像学改变为脊柱短弧形非均匀性改变 10 0 %、脊膜扩大或椎管内膨出 10 0 %、椎体边缘的扇贝形破坏87%、椎管扩大 85 %。结论　神经纤维瘤病伴发营养不良性脊柱侧凸患者需要准确的术前影像学评估 ,其脊椎的结构性改变可导致术中硬脊膜破裂、脊髓损伤、内固定困难或术后假关节、纠正丢失等并发症     

椎弓根螺钉系统重建Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸患者的胸椎后凸10年前后疗效比较

目的 :比较椎弓根螺钉系统重建Lenke 1型青少年特发性脊柱侧凸(AIS)患者胸椎后凸10年前后的疗效差异。方法:分别从2005年6月~2006年6月(早期组)和2014年6月~2015年6月(近期组)于我院脊柱外科行手术治疗的Lenke 1型AIS患者中分别随机选取40例,共80例患者纳入研究。术前、术后即刻及随访1年左右摄立位全脊柱正侧位X线片,测量如下影像学参数:冠状面Cobb角、矢状面平衡(sagittal vertical axis,SVA)、胸椎后凸角(thoracic kyphosis,TK)、腰椎前凸角(lumbar lordosis,LL)、颈椎前凸角(cervical lordosis,CL)、骨盆投射角(pelvic incidence,PI)、骶骨倾斜角(sacral slope,SS)、骨盆倾斜角(pelvic tilt,PT)。通过独立样本t检验比较早期组患者与近期组患者之间的术前、术后影像学参数差异情况。结果:两组患者手术时年龄分别为14.94±1.78岁及14.96±2.01岁。早期组患者的术前TK平均为14.42°±7.92°,而近期组的术前TK则为15.19°±7.90°,在术前两组间的TK差异并无统计学意义(P=0.681)。在进行后路矫形手术后,早期组的术后即刻TK为18.58°,而近期组则为19.23°,两组间的差异同样无统计学意义(P=0.689)。在随访中,两组的TK与术后即刻的TK相比并无显著差异。相关性分析显示在术前和术后TK与CL均显著相关。结论:目前椎弓根螺钉系统相比于10年前对于Lenke 1型AIS患者的胸椎后凸的重建并无显著区别,这种变化可能与AIS本身的病因学有关,也可能与本中心采用的去旋转矫形技术有关。