贲门腺癌术中综合治疗对预后的影响

目的探讨贲门腺癌术中综合治疗对贲门腺癌患者预后的影响。方法将中晚期患者随机分为A、B两组,A组单纯行根治术;B组在根治手术同时行术中全身化疗,癌床局部化疗及胸腹腔温热化疗(IPHC),观察其并发症的发生率、复发转移率、生存率的差别;结果两组术后并发症发生率无显著差异(P>0.05),B组3年生存率远高于A组(P<0.01),而复发转移率明显低于A组(P<0.01);结论贲门腺癌术中综合治疗对预后有重要意义,明显降低术后复发转移率、可提高患者生存率。     

Carcinogenic activity of cigarette smoke gas phase and its modulation by beta-carotene and N-acetylcysteine.

Male strain A/J mice were exposed for six hours a day, five days a week for six months to either full tobacco smoke or to tobacco smoke drawn through a HEPA filter that removed more than 99% of particulate matter. After another four months in air, the animals were sacrificed and lung tumors were counted for calculation of multiplicities and incidences. Analysis of the chamber atmospheres showed that in the filtered smoke the concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and tobacco smoke specific nitrosamines were reduced to from below 18% to even nondetectable levels of the original values measured in the unfiltered smoke. Aldehydes and other volatile organic compounds such as 1,3-butadiene, benzene, or acrolein were reduced to about 50 to 90% of the concentrations found in unfiltered smoke. Some potentially carcinogenic metals reached levels in filtered smoke ranging from 77% to less than 1% found in full smoke. The mice exposed to the filtered smoke atmosphere had practically identical lung tumor multiplicities and incidence as had the animals exposed to full smoke, significantly higher than in air exposed controls. Diets containing 0.5% beta-carotene or 0.4% N-acetylcysteine afforded some chemoprevention. It was tentatively concluded that 1,3-butadiene might be an important contributor to lung tumorigenesis in this mouse model of tobacco smoke carcinogenesis.     

Antimicrobial activity of myotoxic phospholipases A2 from crotalid snake venoms and synthetic peptide variants derived from their C-terminal region.

A short peptide derived from the C-terminal region of Bothrops asper myotoxin II, a Lys49 phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)), was previously found to reproduce the bactericidal activity of its parent molecule. In this study, a panel of eight PLA(2) myotoxins purified from crotalid snake venoms, including both Lys49 and Asp49-type isoforms, were all found to express bactericidal activity, indicating that this may be a common action of the group IIA PLA(2) protein family. A series of 10 synthetic peptide variants, based on the original C-terminal sequence 115-129 of myotoxin II and its triple Tyr-->Trp substituted peptide p115-W3, were characterized. In vitro assays for bactericidal, cytolytic and anti-endotoxic activities of these peptides suggest a general correlation between the number of tryptophan substitutions introduced and microbicidal potency, both against Gram-negative (Salmonella typhimurium) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. Peptide variants with high bactericidal activity also tended to be more cytolytic towards skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts, thus limiting their potential in vivo use. However, the peptide variant pEM-2 (KKWRWWLKALAKK) showed reduced toxicity towards muscle cells, while retaining high bactericidal potency. This peptide also showed the highest endotoxin-neutralizing activity in vitro, and was shown to functionally interact with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using a chimeric bacteria model. The bactericidal and anti-endotoxic properties of pEM-2, combined with its relatively low toxicity towards eukaryotic cells, highlight it as a promising candidate for further evaluation of its antimicrobial potential in vivo.     

环孢素A固体分散体的制备及体外研究

 目的利用固体分散技术改善环孢素A(CsA)的溶解性能,提高其体外溶出速率。方法以Poloxamer188为载体,溶剂熔融法制备不同比例组成的环孢素A固体分散体,考察体外溶出速率及不同转速和不同溶出介质对溶出的影响,并配合X-射线粉末衍射分析药物在载体中的存在状态。对溶出度结果用Weibull分布模型进行拟合,计算体外溶出主要参数t_d和t₅₀,并进行方差分析。结果CsA在药物-载体比例为1:4或1:6的固体分散体中呈非晶态。固体分散体的溶出速率与相应物理混合物及原料药间存在极显著差异(P<0.01),溶出介质对药物溶出无显著性影响(P>0.05)。结论制成固体分散体能显著提高CsA的溶出速率。     

dl-四氢巴马汀抗大鼠胃溃疡作用

 目的研究dl-四氢巴马汀(dl-THP)对大鼠急、慢性溃疡的保护作用,并初步分析其机制。方法胃黏膜损伤由吲哚美辛、束缚应激、结扎幽门和胃浆膜下注入醋酸引起。dl-THP15,30,45mg·kg^-1灌胃,1日2次,共5次。测定大鼠胃溃疡数目、面积、胃酸分泌、胃蛋白酶活性以及胃黏膜血流。结果dl-THP15,30,45mg·kg^-1能抑制大鼠胃黏膜损伤,且呈剂量依赖性;dl-THP30mg·kg^-1对大鼠慢性胃溃疡的抑制率为75.8%,与雷尼替丁30mg·kg^-1的67.7%相仿。dl-THP可增加胃黏膜血流,但对胃酸和胃蛋白酶分泌无影响。结论dl-THP具有明显抗实验性胃溃疡作用,可能与其增加胃黏膜血流有关,亦可能部分通过阻滞胃黏膜DA受体而发挥作用。     

微生物来源酸性鞘磷脂酶抑制剂NF-0265A的研究

 目的筛选信号转导相关疾病中重要靶点-酸性鞘磷脂酶抑制剂。方法使用ODS柱色谱,制备TLC和SephadexLH-20色谱等方法进行化合物的分离纯化,利用紫外、质谱等理化分析以及核磁共振等分析方法进行结构解析,利用酸性和中性SMase的活性测定方法进行活性评价。结果从微生物代谢产物的菌种中,筛选得到一个活性化合物NF-0265A,其对酸性SMase的IC₅₀为68.7μmol·L^-1。对中性SMase的活性测定的结果表明,此物质在200μmol·L^-1的浓度下未见抑制作用,此化合物的化学结构与TAN-1446A的甲醇加成物相同。结论NF-0265A为第一个微生物来源的酸性SMase特异性的抑制剂,该化合物在信号转导系统和免疫系统的活性尚未见报道。     

苦参碱对刀豆蛋白A致小鼠肝损伤的保护作用

目的探讨苦参碱对刀豆蛋白 A(Con A)所致肝损伤的防治作用.方法 48只 NIH小鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组、苦参碱 25 mg/kg组、苦参碱 12.5 mg/kg组和联苯双酯治疗组.除正常对照组外,其他组于实验首日静脉注射 Con A 20 mg/kg,苦参碱两个剂量组均采用尾静脉注射给药,联苯双酯组按 150 mg/kg灌胃口服,每天 1次,连续 3 d,末次给药后 4 h,再次静脉注射 Con A 20 mg/kg,8 h后检测血浆 ALT活性及 IFN-γ和 TNF-α含量,观察肝组织病理学变化.结果苦参碱 25 mg/kg组、12.5 mg/kg组小鼠 ALT活性及 IFN-γ和 TNF-α含量均明显低于模型组,有显著性差异(P<0.01);苦参碱两个剂量组肝脏病理改变明显减轻.结论苦参碱对 Con A所致小鼠肝损伤具有较好的防治作用,抑制 T淋巴细胞活化和 IFN-γ、TNF-α的释放可能是其主要的作用机制.     

RAS相关家族1A基因在胃癌中的表达和启动子甲基化

目的分析散发性胃癌中RAS相关家族1A基因(RASSF1A基因)的表达、突变和启动子甲基化状况,探讨RASSF1A基因在胃癌发生、发展中的意义.方法采用定量PCR、RT-PCR和SSCP的检测90例胃癌组织和30例相应癌旁正常组织中RASSF1A基因表达水平以及基因突变的情况;采用甲基化特异性PCR (MSP)方法检测RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化情况.结果 90例胃癌中有52例(57.8%)RASSF1A无表达或表达低下.RASSF1A无表达或表达低下和肿瘤细胞的分化(P<0.05)以及分期(P<0.001)相关,但是和肿瘤的浸润深度以及淋巴结转移不相关(P>0.05).90例胃癌中52例启动子发生甲基化(57.8%),其中90.3%(47/52)的RASSF1A无表达或表达低下组织中检测到RASSF1A基因启动子的甲基化,然而癌旁正常组织未发现有RASSF1A基因启动子的甲基化,SSCP没有发现任何突变.结论胃癌中存在较多的启动子异常甲基化造成RASSF1A基因失活,这可能是胃癌发生发展的因素之一.