Convergence of occipital nerve and superior sagittal sinus input in the cervical spinal cord of the cat

Co-existence of facial and occipital pain may occur in occipital neuralgia, migraine and cluster headache; suggesting convergence of trigeminal and cervical afferents. Such convergence has been shown in humans and other animals, but the site and extent of this are uncertain. In anaesthetized adult cats, the superior sagittal sinus and occipital nerve were stimulated electrically, and extracellular recordings made in the dorsolateral area of the upper cervical cord using glass-coated tungsten electrodes. Of 49 units in 10 cats, 33 (67%) had input from the superior sagittal sinus and the occipital nerve. Thirteen (27%) had superior sagittal sinus input and 3 (6%) had occipital nerve input. Convergent receptive fields were identified mechanically in 7 units. These experiments in cats show convergent input from occipital nerve and superior sagittal sinus on dorsolateral area units in two-thirds of cases studied. This experimental site of trigeminocervical convergence may relate to referral of pain in occipital neuralgia and other headaches.     

Corpectomy for multi-level cervical spondylosis and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament

The choice of a surgical approach for multi-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is still a controversial issue. While most of the surgeons are still performing decompression by laminectomy some are doing multi-level anterior decompression. Few neurosurgeons are performing decompression by corpectomy. We have treated 26 patients by median cervical corpectomy during the last 4 years. These patients were followed up for a mean period of 25 months. Twenty one (80%) patients had a good outcome, 2 patients remained unchanged and 3 expired. Review of the literature and our experience indicates that patients with CSM and OPLL should be operated by median cervical corpectomy (anterior approach).     

宫颈粘液中白细胞增多与不孕的关系研究

我们对本地区因不孕而就诊的220对夫妇作精子-宫颈粘液穿透试验(SCMPT),同时,作了宫颈粘液涂片并计数每100个鳞状上皮中的白细胞数,观察这两者的相关关系.结论:随着宫颈粘液中的白细胞数增加,穿透优良的比率下降(P<0.005).因而体外SCMPT评分结果与宫颈粘液中的白细胞增多相关.     

节段性不稳定在颈椎病性脊髓病发病中的作用

复习１００例颈椎病性脊髓病患者的临床资料，并以正常成人４９例作为对照，在颈椎侧位及伸、屈位Ｘ线片上测量椎管中矢径、椎体中矢径、功能Ⅰ径、功能Ⅱ径，颈伸位时椎体后滑距离，椎体后缘骨刺。将颈椎管中矢径比值小于０．７５作为发育性椎管狭窄的判断标准，中矢径比值小于０．７５为椎管狭窄组（Ａ组），其余为非狭窄组（Ｂ组），将正常成人组定为Ｃ组。对所测数据进行统计学处理。用ＪＯＡ法对脊髓病患者（Ａ、Ｂ组）的颈脊髓功能做出评估。结果显示：Ａ、Ｂ组中节段性不稳定（ｓｅｇｍｅｎｔａｌｉｎｓｔａｂｉｌｉｔｙ，ＳＩ）发生率明显高于正常人，但不稳定程度（颈椎后滑）无明显差异。脊髓病损程度Ａ组重于Ｂ组，在Ａ组中与滑移程度正相关。Ａ组功能Ⅰ径＜Ⅱ径，Ｂ组功能Ⅰ径＞Ⅱ径，提示节段性不稳定合并发育性椎管狭窄时具有致病作用。颈伸位时椎体后滑使功能Ⅰ径小于１２ｍｍ为脊髓受压的临界标准。     

A critical period for functional vestibular development in zebrafish.

We have determined a critical period for vestibular development in zebrafish by using a bioreactor designed by NASA to simulate microgravity for cells in culture. A critical period is defined as the briefest period of time during development when stimulus deprivation results in long lasting or permanent sensory deficits. Zebrafish eggs were collected within 3 hours of being laid and fertilized. In experiment 1, eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3, 24, 30, 36, 48, or 72 hours postfertilization (hPF) and maintained in the bioreactor until 96 hPF. In experiment 2, eggs were placed in the bioreactor immediately after they were collected and maintained in the bioreactor until 24, 36, 48, 60, 66, 72, or 96 hPF. Beginning at 96 hPF, all larvae had their vestibulo-ocular reflexes (VOR) evaluated once each day for 5 days. Only larvae that hatched from eggs that were placed in the bioreactor before 30 hPF in experiment 1 or removed from the bioreactor later than 66 hPF in experiment 2 had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. These data suggest a critical period for vestibular development in the zebrafish that begins before 30 hPF and ends after 66 hPF. To confirm this, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 24 hPF and removed at 72 hPF. VORs were evaluated in these larvae once each day for 5 days beginning at 96 hPF. These larvae had VOR deficits that persisted for at least 5 days. In addition, larvae that had been maintained in the bioreactor from 24 to 66 hPF or from 30 to 72 hPF, had only temporary VOR deficits. In a final experiment, zebrafish eggs were placed in the bioreactor at 3 hPF and removed at 96 hPF but the bioreactor was turned off from 24 hPF to 72 hPF. These larvae had normal VORs when they were removed from the bioreactor at 96 hPF. Taken as a whole, these data support the idea that there is a critical period for functional maturation of the zebrafish vestibular system. The developmental period identified includes the timeframe during which the vestibular primary afferent neurons are born, innervate their central and peripheral targets, and remodel their central projections.     

Quantitative evidence of peripheral conversion of angiotensin within the human leg: effects of local angiotensin-I administration and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on regional blood flow and angiotensin-II balance across the leg

Summary The renin-angiotensin system relevantly contributes to the maintenance of systemic vascular tone and there is experimental evidence that large amounts of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) are present in peripheral vascular tissues, including resistance vessels. To determine and quantify peripheral vascular conversion of angiotensin-I (ANG-I) to angiotensin-II (ANG-II) across the human leg, the response of regional blood flow to local regional intra-arterial infusion of ANG-I and changes in associated ANG-I1 balance were evaluated during ANG-I infusion and following additional ACE inhibition. Ten sodium-loaded healthy men were enrolled in the study. Following cannulation of both femoral arteries and the right femoral vein, leg blood flow was determined (indocyanine-green dye-dilution method) at baseline conditions and during constant intra-arterial infusion of haemodynamically ineffective doses of ANG-I as well as following concomitant intra-arterial administration of low doses of the non-sulfhydril ACE inhibitor cilazapril. From the transfemoral arterio-venous differences in ANG-II plasma concentrations and the corresponding regional blood (plasma) flow, the ANG-II balance across the leg was calculated. Systemic blood pressure did not change throughout the trial, indicating that no major systemic effects were present during ANG-I infusion or concomitant ACE inhibition. Moreover, arterial ANG-II plasma concentrations were not significantly changed by ANG-I infusion. Leg blood flow decreased to below baseline values following ANG-I infusion, increasing again then in a dose-dependent manner during concomitant cilazapril administration. The calculated baseline ANG-II balance across the leg revealed a net extraction in 6 out of 10 subjects and a net ANG-II formation in 4. Following ANG-I, a shift towards net ANG-II formation or decrease in extraction was seen in 8 subjects, while 2 had no change in ANG-II balance.During concomitant ACE inhibition, ANG-II balance was again shifted towards net extraction or reduced formation. Our results confirm that, in man, considerable regional arterio-venous differences in ANG-II plasma concentrations are present, resulting in either net transfemoral extraction or net formation of the peptide. It is suggested that systemic vascular conversion of circulating ANG-I might contribute to the maintenance of peripheral vasuclar tone in man. Send offprint requests to S. Gasic at the above address     

健康教育对宫颈糜烂妇女治疗依从性的研究

目的 探讨多种形式的健康教育对提高宫颈糜烂治疗依从性的作用。方法 将确诊为宫颈糜烂的120例患者随机分为研究组、对照组。均给予相应的治疗。研究组增加健康教育内容。两组患者同时观察复诊率、治愈率、对医疗服务的满意程度、疾病的认知情况。结果 研究组增加健康教育后，患者复诊率、治愈率、诊疗满意程度、疾病认知情况均较对照组高(P＜O．05)。结论 健康教育能提高宫颈糜烂患者的治疗依从性，获得较高的治愈率。     

山东农村儿童膳食中人体锌吸收率的测定

目的:测定山东农村儿童代表性膳食中锌(Zn)的人体吸收率。方法:模拟山东农村典型膳食模式,采用富集的天然低丰度稳定性同位素67Zn标记ZnCl2,使用热电离质谱法(TIMS)检测膳食和粪便中总锌含量与67Zn/68Zn比值,计算锌的真吸收率;使用原子吸收分光光度计穴AAS雪测定膳食与粪便的总锌,计算锌的表观吸收率。同时测定影响锌吸收的因子膳食脂肪、蛋白、植酸、纤维素和维生素C(Vc)的含量,计算日平均摄入量,将其结果与我国儿童每日推荐膳食营养素摄入量(RNIs)进行比较。结果:锌的真吸收率为(12.94±3.32)%,锌的表观吸收率为(22.37±1.59)%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。锌的平均日摄入量为11.16mg,占RNI的111.6%,高于推荐量。蛋白质和Vc的日摄入量分别为31.2g与13.3mg,占RNIs的56.73%和29.60%,低于推荐量。脂肪、植酸和膳食纤维的日摄入量较高。结论:在蛋白质和Vc的日摄入量较低,脂肪、植酸和膳食纤维的日摄入量较高的条件下,锌的真吸收率较低。     

人乳头瘤病毒多肽与人免疫球蛋白G融合表达

目的 将人乳头瘤病毒16型(Human papillomavirus type 16，HPV-16)的晚期表达蛋白E7上的抗原24肽(从第38位氨基酸到第61位氨基6病毒感染防治酸)与人免疫球蛋白G的重链恒定区融合表达，并以此融合蛋白作为抗原，可能为HPV-1提供免疫治疗方法。方法 利用PCR方法分别扩增HPV-16 E7(38-61)24肽的DNA片段和人免疫球蛋白G的重链恒定区DNA片段，并构建到pEV21a表达载体上，转化入E．coli中表达，利用SDS-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(SDS-PAGE)和蛋白质免疫印迹(Western-blotting)的方法对表达结果进行鉴定。结果 构建的表达载体HPV16E7e／hIgGHCCR-pET21a经酶切鉴定和测序显示序列正确；通过SDS-PAGE和Western-blotting的鉴定，重组融合蛋白Mr约40000，表达量可占菌体蛋白的20％左右。结论 成功构建HPV16-E7的抗原多肽片段和人免疫球蛋白G的重链恒定区的融合蛋白，并可在E．coli中高效表达。     

从ECCE到Phaco的转变--核处理技术的实验研究

目的通过化学方法制成动物核性白内障模型,探讨相对能量复合指数(RECP)与角膜内皮细胞活性的关系。方法将5种化学物质注入晶状体,以透过黑白条纹的清晰程度判断晶状体混浊程度并分级。然后将实验眼球分为6组(Ⅰ组为对照组;Ⅱ-Ⅵ为实验组),行标准超声乳化白内障摘除手术。手术后立即取下角膜,作锥蓝-茜素红联合染色标本和扫描电镜标本。结果晶状体内注入甲醛、冰醋酸、无水乙醇、丙酮和苯扎溴铵均能形成晶状体混浊,其中:冰醋酸致晶状体混浊能力最弱,无水乙醇、丙酮次之,甲醛、苯扎溴铵最强。当RECP≤90时,锥蓝-茜素红双重染色和扫描电镜均表明角膜内皮细胞活性好,其形态和细胞联接均无改变。当RECP=120时,角膜内皮细胞形态尚正常,但是细胞联结和胞膜部分破坏。当RECP=150时,角膜内皮细胞严重损伤。结论用化学方法制作核性白内障模型供过渡训练使用是可行的。当RECP超过某一数值(>90)时,即与角膜内皮细胞的活性成负相关。