Nonsurgical Endodontic Treatment of Necrotic Teeth Resolved Apical Lesions on Adjacent Implants with Retrograde/Apical Peri-implantitis: A Case Series with 2-year Follow-up

Retrograde (or apical/periapical) peri-implantitis (RPI) presents with radiographic signs of bone loss at the periapical area of endosteal implants and may also present with clinical signs of abscess formation or a sinus tract traceable to the implant periapex. The lesion may form days up to several years after the initial implant placement. In contrast to marginal peri-implantitis, which has a prevalence of 19.83%, RPI may be underreported because many clinicians are currently not aware of this type of lesion. The etiology, although not fully understood, may be attributed to endodontic infection of an adjacent tooth or residual microorganisms present after the extraction of an infected tooth at the implant site. There are several treatment modalities available for the management of RPI. Nonsurgical root canal treatment may be an option if the implant RPI etiology is suspected to be related to an adjacent endodontically involved tooth. In a previous report, surgical treatment modalities to correct RPI were described. This current case series presents 2 cases of RPI in which nonsurgical treatment of the necrotic adjacent teeth resulted in full radiographic and clinical resolution of the adjacent apical peri-implant lesions with 18-month and 2-year follow-ups, respectively. RPI may be prevented by evaluating the endodontic status of natural teeth adjacent to the implants and by addressing endodontic infections near the implant sites. Certain types of implant RPI may successfully be resolved nonsurgically by addressing adjacent endodontic infections as shown by this case series.     

急性脑梗死患者D-二聚体、抗凝血因子Ⅲ及炎性细胞因子含量的变化

目的:探讨急性脑梗死患者不同时期的血浆D-二聚体(D-D)、抗凝血因子Ⅲ(AT-Ⅲ)和血清白细胞介素-6(IL-6)及肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)的变化规律。方法:对77例急性脑梗死患者和46例健康人血浆D-D、AT-Ⅲ和血清IL-6及TNF-α水平进行检测分析。结果:急性脑梗死患者血浆AT-Ⅲ入院即刻和4～5d均较对照组低(P0.01),发病2周末恢复正常;D-D、IL-6、TNF-α较对照组高(P0.01),到发病2周末均下降至健康人水平。结论:血浆D-D、AT-Ⅲ和血清TNF-α、IL-6水平与脑梗死疾病的凝血、纤溶及炎症反应有着密切的关系,可作为脑梗死临床诊断和疗效监测的标志物应用于临床。     

Recent innovations in therapeutic endoscopy for pancreatobiliary diseases

The development of endoscopic treatment for pancreatobiliary diseases in recent years is remarkable. In addition to conventional transpapillary treatments under endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP), new endoscopic ultrasound-guided therapy is being developed and implemented. On the other hand, due to the development/improvement of various devices such as new metal stents, a new therapeutic strategy under ERCP is also advocated. The present review focuses on recent advances in the endoscopic treatment of pancreatic pseudocysts, walled-off necrosis, malignant biliary strictures, and benign biliary/pancreatic duct strictures.     

阿达木单抗治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病一例并文献复习

目的 探讨应用阿达木单克隆抗体(简称“单抗”)治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病的临床特点、诊治要点和治疗转归。 方法 回顾性分析福建省福州肺科医院2019年6月10日收治的1例应用阿达木单抗治疗强直性脊柱炎致播散性结核病的临床资料、诊治经过及随访情况,并进行文献复习。以“adalimumab”和“disseminated tuberculosis”为检索词对PubMed数据库进行检索,以“阿达木单抗”和“播散性结核病”为检索词通过万方数据库和中国知网对中文文献进行检索,检索时间截止到2019年9月,经过筛选剔除,共获取相关文献34篇,其中中文文献0篇,英文文献34篇。删去重复的文献并剔除可能为阿达木单抗以外的肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)致播散性结核病及TNF-α致其他播散性疾病的报道,共筛选出具备详细病例资料的文献8篇,共获得8例患者,结合本研究收集的患者,对其临床特征、诊断和治疗情况进行分析。 结果 本例患者为男性,28岁。因“强直性脊柱炎”接受阿达木单抗治疗,治疗2个月后出现咳嗽、气促、腹胀、发热,入院后经胸部CT、胸膜活检及支气管镜等检查,诊断为“播散性结核病(双肺、右侧支气管、胸腔、腹腔、心包、纵隔淋巴结、锁骨上淋巴结、腹腔淋巴结、盆腔淋巴结、脾)”。给予“3H-R-Z-E/9H-R-E”方案治疗,辅以异烟肼支气管局部雾化吸入,行抗结核药物治疗后症状改善。治疗第5个月,CT复查提示“肺部病变减少,纵隔内部分淋巴结肿大较前缩小,增厚的支气管管壁较前变薄,管腔较前通畅,胸、腹腔积液明显吸收。截止到2019年12月,患者仍处于规则的抗结核药物治疗中。文献检索后获得8例患者,加上本例,共9例患者。其中,男3例,女6例;年龄9~75岁,平均年龄(50.44±25.19)岁。9例患者中,5例开始使用阿达木单抗治疗之前的结核病筛查试验结果为阴性,1例既往有抗结核治疗史,1例曾进行过预防性抗结核治疗,3例有与结核病患者的密切接触史。诊断明确行抗结核药物治疗后,5例患者转归良好。3例转归差,其中1例病情持续进展,并发消化道出血;1例颅内病灶持续进展;1例出现急性呼吸窘迫综合征,最终死亡。1例转归不明。 结论 阿达木单抗可致播散性结核病,准备接受阿达木单抗治疗的患者均应在用药前进行结核病筛查,治疗过程中应该警惕潜伏性结核感染转为活动性结核病及新发结核感染,停用阿达木单抗和及时行抗结核药物治疗是预后良好的关键。     

带血管蒂骨瓣转移治疗双侧股骨头缺血性坏死的疗效分析

背景：非创伤性股骨头缺血性坏死（ONFH）常双侧发病,治疗更加困难,采用保留股骨头的治疗方法较为理想。目前,采用带血管蒂骨瓣转移治疗双侧ONFH疗效的报道甚少。 目的：探讨应用带血管蒂髂骨瓣转移治疗双侧ONFH的早中期临床疗效。 方法：2009年1月至2010年12月共收治双侧ONFH患者22例44髋,男10例,女12例;年龄22~41岁,平均32.6岁;体重指数（BMI）16.5~30,平均23.9。按ARCO分期标准分为：Ⅱb期9髋,Ⅱc期14髋,Ⅲa期8髋,Ⅲb期5髋,Ⅲc期8髋。术中所取血管蒂均为旋股外侧血管升支髂棘支骨瓣转移术。双髋分两次进行手术,手术间隔12~16个月,平均14个月。 结果：随访时间为36~47个月,平均40.3个月,单髋术中失血量200~500 ml,平均358 ml。双侧髋关节术后6个月、12个月的Harris髋关节评分（HHS）均较各自术前有明显提高;双侧髋关节术后相同时间点的HHS评分比较无统计学差异。初次手术侧1髋术后出现切口脂肪液化经换药痊愈,其余均无围手术期并发症。术后根据ARCO分期标准2髋由Ⅲb期病变进展至Ⅲc期;1髋由Ⅲc期进展至Ⅳ期,并于术后14个月进行人工关节置换手术。 结论：应用带血管蒂髂骨瓣转移分两次手术治疗双侧ONFH,合适的手术间隔对初次手术侧功能恢复影响较小,双侧髋关节术后早期临床功能评价较高,是治疗双侧ARCOⅡ~Ⅲ期ONFH的有效方法。     

髋臼发育不良全髋关节置换术髋臼旋转中心原位固定与上移的比较研究

目的 比较分析全髋关节置换术（THA）治疗成人髋臼发育髋臼旋转中心原位固定与上移的临床疗效.方法 回顾分析24例髋臼发育不良（DDH）全髋置换术病例中期疗效,其中髋臼旋转中心上移及原位固定各12例,平均随访4.3年,比较分析手术时间、出血量、术后康复时间及髋关节Harris评分.结果 两组病例随访期内无假体脱位、松动、髋关节感染等发生,二者在手术时间、出血量、Harris评分无明显差异性.结论 髋臼旋转中心的选择以软组织平衡为原则,二者术后中期髋关节功能无显著差异.     

股骨颈骨折术后股骨头坏死的影像学及发病因素分析

目的调查股骨颈骨折闭合复位加压内固定术后股骨头坏死的影像学表现,分析其发病因素。方法回顾性分析2006年2月至2013年3月期间接受闭合复位内固定治疗的782例股骨颈骨折患者。平均随访（6.3±2.4）年,筛选出术后出现股骨头坏死的患者132例,使用Ficat分期标准对患者进行影像学表现分期,将患者的年龄、性别、伤侧、骨折复位满意度等基本资料运用Logistic回归进行多因素分析。结果不同年龄组股骨头坏死的Ficat分期差异有统计学意义（CMH统计量为4.321,P=0.026）;男、女的Ficat分期分布情况差异无统计学意义（CMH统计量为1.532,P=0.224）。多因素回归分析显示骨折的移位程度、骨折复位质量与股骨头坏死明显相关（OR分别为2.327,4.213）。结论闭合复位加压螺纹钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折效果较好,骨折移位程度及骨折复位质量对术后股骨头坏死的发生有明显的影响。     

Methotrexate myelopathy with extensive transverse necrosis: Report of an autopsy case

The patient was a 70‐year‐old woman with lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma which showed a predominantly diffuse involvement of the bone marrow and kidney. Because atypical lymphocytes appeared in the cerebrospinal fluid, the intrathecal administration of methotrexate (MTX) and cytosine arabinoside (Ara‐C) was repeated several times. The patient developed flaccid paraplegia 8 months after the beginning of intrathecal administration, and died 4 months later. Autopsy demonstrated extensive transverse necrosis involving the lower thoracic cord and marked vacuolar degeneration of the white matter of the cervical, upper thoracic and lumbo‐sacral cord. Focal vacuolar degeneration of the white matter was also noted in the left parietal lobe. Although vacuolar degeneration of the white matter is a common feature in MTX myelopathy, extensive transverse necrosis is rare. In the present case, an overlapping of two mechanisms, that is, injury of vascular endothelial cells and the direct toxic effect of MTX and Ara‐C on the white matter, probably played a crucial role in the pathogenesis of severe myelopathy. Because severe myelopathy occurs infrequently, considering the large number of patients receiving the intrathecal administration of MTX, it is possible that a constitutional predisposition or abnormal sensitivity to MTX was involved in the pathogenesis in the present patient.