应用DCS治疗股骨髁上骨不连

目的：探讨动力髁螺钉(DCS)治疗股骨髁上骨不连的临床疗效和特点。方法：14例段骨髁上骨不连均采用DCS固定 自体筋骨植骨治疗，4例伴有膝关节僵硬者同时行膝关节松解术。结果：所有病例获得随访，时间12—48个月，平均18个月。在4—9个月内均获骨性愈合。有2例膝关节僵硬获得明显改善。参照Shelbourne疗效评定标准，ll例疗效优良，优良率78．6％。结论：应用DCS固定 自体筋骨植骨后骨折端可获得坚持内固定及压应力，手术操作简便、安全，可早期进行膝关节和股四头肌功能锻炼，是一种治疗段骨髁上骨不连的有效方法。     

Haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome: Clinical aspects

Based on clinical and pathological features a typical case of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome passes through five phases: (1) febrile phase, (2) hypotensive phase, (3) oliguric phase, (4) diuretic phase and (5) convalescent phase. The major manifestations are fever, pain in the back and abdomen, flushed face, prostration, proteinuria, purpura and haemorrhage and acute renal failure. Selective right auricular haemorrhage, marked congestion and haemorrhage in the renal medulla and necrosis of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland are the three prominent pathological findings. The clinical severity depends upon the causative agents, namely Hantaan virus, Seoul virus and the European form in that order. Specific serological diagnosis of haemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome is made by demonstrating a rise in titre of specific immunofluorescent antibody against Hantaan and related viruses. The management is supportive, based on an understanding of the pathophysiology of the disease.     

Preexpanded distant "super-thin" intercostal perforator flaps for facial reconstruction without the need for microsurgery.

BACKGROUND: Concept of the 'super-thin perforator flap' was introduced in 1994 by authors. Since then, various types of 'super-thin perforator flaps' were applied successfully especially for contour sensitive reconstruction such as face and neck. METHODS: Eleven patients requiring large flaps who presented with extensive disfiguring facial scar (male: seven cases, female: four cases). On the consideration of flaps' colour, texture and thickness requirements, the authors selected 'super-thin' anterior intercostal perforator flaps (AICP, range from 4 x 14 cm to 25 cm x 9 cm) for reconstruction purpose. First, tissue expanders (volume range from 800 cc to 1200 cc) were carefully inserted under the AICP. After the flaps were expanded for 2 months, distant scars were removed and the covering super-thinned flaps were transferred into recipient site. Two weeks later, pedicles in the anterior chest were cut down and flaps were transferred to replace all the left scars. RESULTS: Flap were survived without any complications. The colour, texture and thickness of the transferred flap were satisfactory, shrink of flaps were not observed after long term follow-up. The authors present a method of facial reconstruction that has the advantages of creating a large amount of thin tissue of both good colour and texture, without the need of microsurgery and few disadvantages of donor-site morbidity. The disadvantages are three-staged procedures, complications of tissue expansion and uncomfortable compulsory posture for patients. In our opinion, this is an alternative method of choice for reconstructing all large defects in the lower two-thirds of the face.     

经皮椎体成形术与椎弓根螺钉固定治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的生物力学研究

目的比较经皮椎体成形术(PVP)和椎弓根螺钉内固定(PSF)治疗骨质疏松性胸腰椎骨折的生物力学强度,为临床应用和离床活动指导提供实验依据。方法18具冻存的新鲜尸体,应用双能X线骨密度仪(DEXA)测定脊柱的骨密度(BND),取胸腰段脊椎(T_(12)～L_2 12具,L_1 6具)随机分成三组：PVP组、PSF组(T_(12)L_2)和正常对照组(L_1),每组6具。PVP组和PFS组实验椎体均制成骨折模型,PVP组给予经双侧椎弓根注入低粘度的含显影剂骨水泥各2．5mL。PSF组于T_(12)、L_2椎弓根置入钉棒系统固定,测试并比较两组和对照组静态最大抗压强度及刚度。结果PVP组骨水泥分布面积皆大于50%,其平均最大抗压强度与刚度分别为(2645±478)N,(117±81)N/mm；PSF组平均最大抗压强度与刚度分别为(1862±620)N,(125±33)N/mm。两组比较平均最大抗压强度差异有显著性意义(P＜0．05),最大刚度差异无显著性意义(P＞0．05)。结论骨折椎体内注入骨水泥PMMA,其抗压强度优于椎弓根钉方法,对于轻度骨质疏松者尤为适用。PVP术后患者可早期(3～5d)下床活动,而PSF术后患者离床活动时间可适当延后。     

A new view of anterior choroidal artery territory infarction

Summary Infarction in the territory of the anterior choroidal artery (AchA) has been the subject of several recent reports. To the classical clinical syndrome of hemimotor, hemisensory, and visual field deficit has been added hemiataxia acute pseudobulbar mutism, pure motor and pure sensory syndromes and disorders of higher cortical function. The definition of anatomic and clinical correlates to AchA stroke is aided by CT-MRI findings and reveals an unexpected superior extension of infarct to include the periventricular caudate nucleus and inferior corona radiata. Prognosis depends upon unilaterality, bilateral strokes having often a fatal outcome. Etiology and treatment may be intimately related to hypertension.     

Ultrasonography in the detection of cervical incompetency

In 80 pregnancies with clinical and ultrasonic signs of cervical incompetency, the length of the cervix and the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment have been evaluated ultrasonically. We have also measured the width of the endocervical canal and studied the prolapse of fetal membranes (with fetal parts) into the endocervical canal. We evaluated these same parameters in 80 healthy pregnancies. The length of the cervix, the thickness of the anterior wall of a lower uterine segment, and the width of the endocervical canal were followed longitudinally in the patients from the 10th to the 36th gestation week. No statistically significant differences between age groups were found. In four age groups at risk for cervical incompetency, cervical lengths and wall thickness were significantly different (p less than 0.001) from those in comparable controls. Forty-five percent of the patients in the at-risk group, with cervical cerclage, delivered at 37.3 (range: 32 to 41) weeks and 6.25% of pregnancies ended in abortion when the amniotic membrane herniated into the cervical canal, with or without some part of the fetus.     

3D kinematic analysis of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using vertically open MRI.

Many researchers have evaluated the motions of the shoulder girdle, especially scapular and humeral motion. However, few reports exist that describe motions of the acromioclavicular joint. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the 3D kinematics of the acromioclavicular joint during arm abduction using 3D MR images obtained by a vertically open MRI. Fourteen shoulders of seven volunteers were examined in seven static positions from 0 degrees to the maximum abduction in a seated position. 3D surface models of the clavicle and scapula were created, and the movements of the acromioclavicular joint from 0 degrees to each position were calculated using the volume-based registration technique. From these calculations, the translations were evaluated and the rotational motions were analyzed using the concept of the screw axis. In the anteroposterior direction, the clavicle translated most posteriorly (-1.9 +/- 1.3 mm) at 90 degrees of abduction and most anteriorly (1.6 +/- 2.7 mm) at maximum abduction. In the superoinferior direction, the clavicle translated slightly superiorly (0.9 +/- 1.9 mm). When analyzing relative motion of the scapula with respect to the clavicle, the scapula generally rotated about a specific screw axis passing through the insertions of both the acromioclavicular and the coracoclavicular ligaments on the coracoid process. The average rotation was 34.9 +/- 8.4 degrees.     

颈椎前路钢板位置与术后颈肩痛的相关性影响

目的观察颈椎前路钢板内固定术后颈肩痛与钢板位置之间的关系。方法回顾分析1999年8月~2006年7月间实施的219例颈椎前路钢板内固定手术的临床和影像学资料。分别观察颈椎侧位X线片上钢板在上下位椎体的覆盖率,正位X线片评估其侧方移位和成角,应用视觉模拟评分(VAS)、颈椎活动障碍指数(NDI)评价手术前、后颈肩痛。应用Pearsons相关系数、线性回归分析进行统计学分析。结果平均随访16.8个月(6~42个月),钢板侧方偏移和成角与术后颈肩痛高度相关(相关系数P=0.417,P<0.001,n=87),线性回归分析显示钢板偏移和成角与术后VAS评分高度正相关(相关系数P=0.314,P<0.001,n=82),与术后NDI成正相关(相关系数P=0.379,P<0.001,n=66)。结论颈椎前路钢板侧方偏移和成角是术后颈肩痛的原因之一,术中应注意调整钢板位置,尽量避免侧方偏移和成角。     

计算机导航下空心钉内固定治疗股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨计算机导航技术在股骨颈骨折空心钉内固定治疗中的应用，为骨折内固定提供一个新的手术技术。方法 8例股骨颈骨折，术前Garden分型为Ⅰ型3例，Ⅱ型4例，Ⅲ型1例。术中牵引复位后，通过一次C臂机透视正侧位，即可在计算机导航下完成内固定。术后常规透视复查。结果 8例病例全部在导航下完成空心钉的内固定，平均透视时间为15s，远远少于常规内固定所须的时间。结论 计算机导航技术成功应用于空心钉内固定手术，有效减少了手术中X射线的辐射，同时提高了手术的精度，可避免机械引导器的误差，随时反映操作的过程，使手术过程更方便、直观。     

兔膝关节持续被动活动对前交叉韧带重建术后切口局部组织血氧饱和度的影响

目的 探讨膝关节持续被动活动（continuous passive motion, CPM）对兔前交叉韧带重建术后切口局部组织血氧饱和度的影响. 方法 20 只八月龄雄性新西兰大白兔右侧后肢膝关节行自体双股半腱肌腱移植重建前交叉韧带手术,术后随机分为2组：自由活动组（n＝10）和CPM组（n＝10）.自由活动组笼内自由活动;CPM组应用兔膝关节持续被动活动器运动.术后第2天,近红外光技术装置ODISseyTM 局部组织血氧监护仪测量每一来回（屈曲30°～110°）不同CPM速度（分别为2.35°/s、3.2°/s 、8°/s）时的切口局部组织血氧饱和度（tissue oxygen saturation ,StO2）变化,选择最好的CPM范围和速度.分别在术前和术后第2、4、6、8、10、14天观察膝关节CPM不同角度时切口局部组织StO2的变化. 结果 与自由活动组相比,3种速度的CPM在不同屈曲角度下均保持较高的StO2,且有显著性差异（P＜0.05）,不同CPM速度之间StO2有显著性差异（P＜0.05）.每一来回（屈曲30°～110°）运动速度为3.2°/s时保持最高的StO2.在术前和术后第2、4、6、8、10、14天等各时间点,膝关节屈曲30°、60°、90°、110°时StO2均无显著性差异（P＞0.05）,不同的时间点（术前和术后第2、4、6、8、10、14天）切口的StO2差别均有显著统计学意义（P＜0.05）.术后第2～4天最低,然后逐渐上升.术后第2周拆线后,切口愈合良好,没有感染、血肿和切口裂开. 结论 兔膝前交叉韧带重建术后第2天开始进行膝关节CPM（屈曲30°～110°）,可增加切口局部组织血氧饱和度,以3.2°/s的CPM速度最佳.