The effect of l-dopa and propranolol on human CSF cyclic nucleotides

Human CSF cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP have been measured as possible indicators of activity of central neurotransmitter-sensitive adenylate or guanylate cyclase. In an attempt to help to identify the specific neurotransmitter systems of origin of human CSF cyclic AMP and GMP, we studied Parkinson patients with and without l-dopa therapy and schizophrenic patients before and after propranolol therapy. No effect of l-dopa or propranolol was found on CSF cyclic nucleotides. However, Parkinson patients had a 40–50% reduction of CSF cyclic AMP and a 80–90% reduction of CSF cyclic GMP compared with the schizophrenic patients. Implications of this finding are discussed.     

Cerebral disseminated coagulation

Summary The distribution of cytarabine in the ventricular CSF was studied after lumbar intrathecal administration. In the ventricular fluid peak concentrations up to 1.5×10^–4 M (37 g/ml) were achieved 4–8 h after lumbar injection of cytarabine of 45 mg/m². The concentration of cytarabine decreased slowly with a half-time of 2.16 h thus providing therapeutic concentrations in the cerebral ventricles for more than 24 h.

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Zusammenfassung Die Verteilung von Cytosinarabinosid nach lumbaler intrathekaler Injektion im ventrikulären Liquor cerebrospinalis wurde untersucht.Nach lumbaler intrathekaler Injektion von 45 mg Cytosinarabinosid (Alexan®) pro m² Körperoberfläche wurde im ventrikulären Liquor eine Höchstkonzentration von 1,5×10^–4 M (37 g/ml) 4–8 h nach Applikation erreicht. Die Konzentration von Cytosinarabinosid im ventrikulären Liquor fiel langsam mit einer Halbwertszeit von 2,16 h ab. Bei lumbaler Applikation wurden bei dieser Untersuchung therapeutische Konzentrationen von Cytosinarabinosid in den cerebralen Ventrikeln für mehr als 24 h erreicht.

     

Postural imbalance: An early sign in HIV-1 infected patients

Summary We have recorded postural performance in 50 HIV-infected patients in different stages of the disease (Walter Reed (WR) stages I–VI) by means of a force measuring platform. The results were compared with 50 age-matched controls. A significant instability was particularly evident when standing on an unstable foot support. In patients standing with eyes closed, postural sway was significantly higher in every patient group (WR I–II:P<0.02, WR III–V:P<0.001, WR VI:P<0.001). Patients in stage WR I–II showed no relevant neurological abnormalities. In agreement with other neurophysiological data in the literature we suggest that postural imbalance could be an early sign of central nervous system penetration of HIV. No correlation with electromyographic or cerebrospinal fluid findings could be found.     

Huntington's Disease — Imbalance of free amino acids in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients and offspring at-risk

Summary A total of 27 different amino acids were determined in the fasting, morning lumbar CSF of 12 patients with Huntington's Disease (HD), 8 at-risk offspring and 16 non-choreic control patients. A significant (P<0.001) decrease was observed for asparagine, isoleucine, leucine, phenylalanine, histidine, arginine, -aminoadipic acid and homocarnosine in patients with HD compared to the non-choreic controls. Only tyrosine was increased in HD. These alterations were to an extent more pronounced in 5 neurophysiologically conspicuous offspring. The alterations suggest that amino acid imbalance is an early metabolic disturbance in HD.

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Zusammenfassung Bei 12 Patienten mit manifester Huntingtonscher Krankheit (HD), 8 nicht erkrankten Nachkommen und 16 nicht choreatischen Kontrollpatienten wurden 27 verschiedene Aminosäuren im Liquor cerebrospinalis (nüchterner Lumballiquor) untersucht. Asparagin, Isoleucin, Leucin, Phenylalanin, Histidin, Arginin, -Aminoadipinsäure und Homocarnosin waren signifikant (P<0.001) erniedrigt bei Patienten gegenüber den Kontrollen. Diese Veränderungen waren bei 5 neurophysiologisch auffälligen Nachkommen teilweise ausgeprägter, was für eine frühzeitige metabolische Störung spricht. Tyrosin war als einzige Aminosäure erhöht. Die Veränderungen sprechen für eine Aminosäurenimbalanz bei Huntingtonscher Krankheit, deren Bedeutung besprochen wird.

     

Diagnosis of cerebral Whipple's disease by cerebrospinal fluid cytology

Summary In a case of Whipple's disease the diagnosis was made by careful cytologic evaluation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), identifying Sieracki cells. A basal granuloma invaded the hypothalamus, diencephalon, and rostral parts of the brainstem. An exploration in the initial stage led to misdiagnosis as a granular cell tumor. Diagnosis was then confirmed by intestinal biopsy.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall mit Morbus Whipple berichtet, der bei sorgfältiger Untersuchung des Liquor cerebrospinalis durch den Nachweis von Sieracki-Zellen diagnostiziert wurde. Die Exploration eines basalen Granuloms, das in den Hypothalamus, das Diencephalon und die rostralen Anteile des Hirnstamms eingewachsen war, hatte im Frühstadium zur Fehlinterpretation eines Granularzelltumors geführt. Die Diagnose wurde schließlich durch Dünndarmbiopsie bestätigt.

     

Cerebrospinal fluid cyclic AMP and acid monoamine metabolites following probenecid: Studies in psychiatric patients

At probenecid levels greater than 10 g/ml, CSF cAMP was independent of CSF probenecid concentration. At these levels of probenecid, cAMP transport out of CSF is probably maximally blocked and cAMP levels reflect cAMP release into CSF. CSF cAMP was significantly higher in RDC-diagnosed schizophrenics than in other psychotics or depressives. A significant decrease in CSF cAMP was found in psychotic patients treated with chlorpromazine. No changes in CSF cAMP were observed in patients treated with tricyclic antidepressants or lithium.     

Monoamine acid metabolites in ventricular CSF of patients with brain tumours

Summary Homovanillic acid (HVA) and 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid (5-HIAA) in ventricular CSF were determined in 19 patients (12 female 7 male) with brain tumours. No relationship was found between ventricular fluid pressure (VFP) and levels of HVA and 5-HIAA. A relationship was observed between ventricular CSF, HVA concentrations and tumour induced alterations in CSF dynamics. HVA concentrations were very high in patients whose tumours involved the third ventricle, the aqueduct, or the fourth ventricle, producing marked alterations in CSF flow. HVA concentrations significantly lower than in controls were observed in cases where tumours involved the lateral ventricles. Concentrations of acid metabolites in patients with little or no alteration in CSF dynamics corresponded with those in patients with other neurosurgical disorders.     

化疗后24小时与血液学毒性增至Ⅱ度以上时皮下注射rhG-CSF的疗效对比

目的　分析基因重组人粒细胞集落刺激因子 (rhG -CSF)在化疗后 2 4h与血液学毒性降至Ⅱ度以下时开始给药的临床疗效。方法　采用随机分组法 ,将 160例患者随机分成A组和B组。A组 :化疗后 2 4h即刻皮下注射rhG -CSF、连续 3天 ;B组 :血液学毒性增至Ⅱ度以上时皮下注射rhG -CSF连续 3天。结果　A组与B组比较 ,A组白细胞 (WBC)及中性粒细胞 (ANC)下降程度低 ,持续时间短 ,化疗延迟率较低 ,化疗延迟时间较短 ,2组不良反应相比较无显著性差异 (P >0 .0 5 )。结论　化疗 2 4h后给药可减轻化疗所致WBC及ANC下降的程度及缩短其持续时间 ,保证下 1次化疗的顺利进行     

特尔津预防化疗引起中性粒细胞减少的临床观察

目的观察特尔津(rHuG-CSF)预防化疗引起中性粒细胞减少的效果.观察rHuG-CSF的不良反应.方法采用单盲随机、自身交叉对照研究方法,对15例经病理学证实的乳腺癌、肺癌、恶性淋巴瘤和胃癌患者进行研究,在治疗周期(A周期)末次化疗给药48 h后,按5μg/kg剂量皮下注射rHuG-CSF,每天1次,共用7天～14天;隔日查中性粒细胞、白细胞.结果中性粒细胞减少持续天数和白细胞减少持续天数A周期明显低于对照周期(B周期),1.80对10.46天、3.53对12.6天,差异有显著性(P＜0.01);不良反应主要是骨肌肉疼痛、注射局部反应、乏力和感冒样症状.结论预防性使用rHuG-CSF能有效地防止中性粒细胞、白细胞减低,缩短中性粒细胞、白细胞减少持续时间,不良反应可以耐受.     

DABS-CI柱前衍生RP-HPLC法定量测定生理样本氨基酸

目的:DABS-C1柱前衍生RP-HPLC法定量测定生理样本中的氨基酸。方法:采用DABS-C1柱前衍生RP-HPLC法,在紫外436nm处测定氨基酸。结果:人血清、脑脊液(CSF)和细胞培养液中的氨基酸在60min中得到良好的分离和测定。结论:DABS-C1柱前衍生RP-HPLC定量分析生理样本中的氨基酸,具有较好精准性,是一种比较疗便、稳定和可靠的检测方法。