依那普利对老年高血压病病人左室舒张功能改善的临床观察

应用平衡法放射性核素心室造影，观察了依那普利（悦宁啶）对老年高血压病患者左室舒张功能的影响。结果表明：血压治疗后较治疗前明显降低，其中收缩压治疗后（１８．５±１．８ｋＰａ）较治疗前（２２．５±２．７ｋＰａ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），舒张压治疗后（１０．６±１．１ｋＰａ）较治疗前（１３．７±１．４ｋＰａ）明显下降（Ｐ＜０．０１），左室舒张功能得到不同程度改善。平均充盈率（ＭＦＲ）治疗后（１．５００４±０．３５２３）较治疗前（１．３９１１±０．４０８５）明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；１／３充盈分数（１／３ＦＦ）治疗后（０．３４４５±０．１３０４）较治疗前（０．２７７９±０．１１５）明显提高（Ｐ＜０．０１）。提示依那普利在有效地降低血压的同时，亦能确切地改善左室舒张功能。     

Intravenous streptokinase in acute myocardial infarction (I.S. A.M.): assessment of left ventricular function 1 and 7 months after infarction by radionuclide ventriculography

l.S.A.M. was a prospective, placebo-controlled, double-blindmulticentre trial of high-dose short-term intravenous streptokinasein acute myocardial infarction (AMI) within 6 h of the onsetof symptoms. Determination of left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF) by radionuclide ventriculography was performed 1 and7 months after AMI in a subset of 192 patients at rest and,in 140 of them, also during exercise. Regional myocardial functionwas analysed in all 145 patients with neither a history of aprevious myocardial infarction nor revascularization proceduresor reinfarction within the 7-month follow-up period. One month after AMI, mean LVEF was higher in the streptokinasegroup in patients with anterior AMI (50±15% vs 42 ±16%,P = 0.013). This difference was more marked in the subgrouptreated within 3 h (53 ± 14% vs 42 ± 15%, P =0.004), whereas patients treated 3–6 h after the onsetof symptoms did not differ from respective controls (41 ±16%vs 41 ±18%). In patients with inferior A MI, the differencein mean LVEF was small (57±11% vs 55 ±12%, P =0.47). After anterior AMI benefit due to streptokinase therapywas preserved up to 7 months (52 ±14% vs 44 ±17%,P = 0.013). During exercise, the increase of mean LVEF was greaterin the streptokinase group at both dates, especially 7 monthsafter AMI (41 ±61% vs l.2±6.3%, P = 0.015). Instreptokinase-treated patients with anterior AMI, regional LVEFat rest was higher at both dates compared with controls, withinthe infarct zone as well as in remote myocardium. No treatment-controldifferences were demonstrable in patients with inferior AMI.During exercise, regional contractile reserve was better inthe streptokinase group within the infarct zone as well as inremote myocardium, irrespective of the site of infarction. Thus, intravenous streptokinase within 3 h after the onset ofA MI preserves global left ventricular function m anterior AMIover a period of at least 7 months. Intravenous streptokinaseimproves regional myocardial function within the infarct zoneas well as in remote areas. In inferior AMI investigation solelyat rest may underestimate the benefit of streptokinase therapy.     

~（99m）Tc－Phy肝血流断层对肝病诊断的价值

１１９例肝血流断层显像（ＨＢＦ－ＥＣＴ）结果表明,肝血流动力学变化可分为正常（Ｎ）、迟缓（Ｄ）、脾高（Ｓ）、门脉高压（ＰＨ）、冷占位（ＣＣ）、动脉性冷和热占位（ＡＣ、ＡＷ）等七型。肝动脉指数（ＨＡＩ）、摄取指数（ＨＵＩ）、脾肝比（Ｓ／Ｌ）之总体均数差和组间均数差皆有显著意义。慢肝组为Ｄ或Ｎ型。门脉高压７８．９％为ＰＨ型,其阳性及阴性预测率为９１．８％及１００％,ＨＡＩ和Ｓ／Ｌ亦显著高于前者,肝硬变之ＨＵＩ明显减低而非肝硬变门脉高压者仍在正常范围。巨脾患者为Ｓ型,ＨＵＩ及ＨＡＩ正常。ＣＣ型诊断良性肿物准确性为８０％,ＡＣ型诊恶性肿瘤准确性为８３．６％。ＡＷ型对肝局限结节性增生具有病因特异性。     

Effects of residual coronary artery disease on results of coronary artery bypass grafting

To assess the effects of residual coronary artery disease (non-revascularized coronary vessels) after coronary artery bypass grafting on symptoms and exercise left ventricular function, we categorized 77 patients into 3 groups according to the extent of residual coronary artery disease: group I (n = 17) had no residual coronary artery disease (residual score = 0); group II (n = 30) had light residual coronary artery disease (score of 1 to 9, mean 4.7); and group III (n = 30) had moderate residual coronary artery disease (score greater than or equal to 10, mean 23). Sixty patients were asymptomatic after coronary artery bypass grafting (14 in group I, 24 in group II, and 22 in group III), but the remaining patients had occasional angina pectoris. The resting left ventricular ejection fraction was significantly higher in group I than in the remaining 2 groups (56 +/- 18% in group I, 47 +/- 19% in group II, and 43 +/- 16% in group III, P less than 0.05). The exercise left ventricular ejection fraction was also significantly higher in group I (61 +/- 16% in group I, 51 +/- 18% in group II and 45 +/- 18% in group III, P less than 0.01). The ejection fraction response to exercise was abnormal in 5 patients in group I, 15 patients in group II, and 19 patients in group III. Thus, coronary artery bypass grafting results in symptomatic improvement, even in patients with residual coronary artery disease. The presence of residual coronary artery disease, however, may be a determinant of exercise left ventricular function in these patients.     

Targeted alpha therapy with bismuth‐213 and actinium‐225: Meeting future demand

Targeted alpha therapy (TAT) is a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. The use of alpha emitters for cancer therapy has two distinct advantages over conventional therapies. The short range of alpha radiation in human tissue (less than 0.1 mm), corresponding to only a few cell diameters, allows selective killing of targeted cancer cells while sparing surrounding healthy tissue. At the same time, the high energy (several MeV) of alpha radiation and its associated high linear energy transfer leads to highly effective cell kill. Consequently, alpha radiation can destroy cells which otherwise exhibit resistance to treatment with beta or gamma irradiation or chemotherapeutic drugs, and can thus offer a therapeutic option for tumors resistant to conventional therapies. Recent results demonstrating the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of alpha emitters to treat various cancers have underlined the clinical potential of TAT. This paper describes the recent clinical experience with ²¹³Bi and ²²⁵Ac. In view of the enormous benefit of targeted cancer treatment with alpha emitters, their production will have to be considerably increased beyond current supply capabilities. Alternative production methods based on the irradiation of uranium, thorium, or radium targets at reactors or accelerator facilities have the potential to meet future demand.     

Emission Tomography in Femoral Neck Fracture for Evaluation of Avascular Necrosis

Two cases of operated femoral neck fractures are presented, in whom an intact femoral head isotope uptake was found with conventional Tc-MDP scintimetry. In both patients, emission tomography using the rotating slant-hole technique was diagnostic.     

A dual‐tracer study of extrastriatal 6‐[18F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine and 6‐[18F]‐fluoro‐l‐dopa Uptake in Parkinson's disease

6‐[¹⁸F]‐Fluoro‐l ‐dopa (FDOPA) has been widely used as a biomarker for catecholamine synthesis, storage, and metabolism—its intense uptake in the striatum, and fainter uptake in other brain regions, is correlated with the symptoms and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). 6‐[¹⁸F]fluoro‐m‐tyrosine (FMT), which also targets l ‐amino acid decarboxylase, has potential advantages over FDOPA as a radiotracer because it does not form catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) metabolites. The purpose of the present study was to compare the regional distribution of these radiotracers in the brains of PD patients. Fifteen Parkinson's patients were studied with FMT and FDOPA positron emission tomography (PET) as well as high‐resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI's were automatically parcellated into neuroanatomical regions of interest (ROIs) in Freesurfer ( http://surfer.nmr.mgh.harvard.edu ); region‐specific uptake rate constants (K_occ) were generated from coregistered PET using a Patlak graphical approach. The essential findings were as follows: (1) regional K_occ were highly correlated between the radiotracers and in agreement with a previous FDOPA studies that used different ROI selection techniques; (2) FMT K_occ were higher in extrastriatal regions of relatively large uptake such as amygdala, pallidum, brainstem, hippocampus, entorhinal cortex, and thalamus, whereas cortical K_occ were similar between radiotracers; (3) while subcortical uptake of both radiotracers was related to disease duration and severity, cortical uptake was not. These results suggest that FMT may have advantages for examining pathologic changes within allocortical loop structures, which may contribute to cognitive and emotional symptoms of PD. Synapse 68:325–331, 2014 . © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

Radiolabeled Gold Nanoparticles for Imaging and Therapy of Cancer

In the Last decades, nanotechnology has provided novel and alternative methodologies and tools in the field of medical oncology, in order to tackle the issues regarding the control and treatment of cancer in modern society. In particular, the use of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in radiopharmaceutical development has provided various nanometric platforms for the delivery of medically relevant radioisotopes for SPECT/PET diagnosis and/or radionuclide therapy. In this review, we intend to provide insight on the methodologies used to obtain and characterize radiolabeled AuNPs while reporting relevant examples of AuNPs developed during the last decade for applications in nuclear imaging and/or radionuclide therapy, and highlighting the most significant preclinical studies and results.     

SPECT/CT诊断低危甲状腺乳头状癌术后131I治疗后淋巴结转移发生率及其影响因素

目的 评估低危甲状腺乳头状癌（PTC）患者术后¹³¹I治疗后SPECT/CT诊断转移淋巴结的发生率,并探讨其影响因素。方法 回顾性分析术后¹³¹I治疗前根据2015版美国甲状腺协会指南分为低危的409例PTC患者资料,¹³¹I治疗后5天行全身显像（WBS）和断层融合显像（SPECT/CT）,根据显像结果及随访资料判断SPECT/CT上有无转移淋巴结的存在。比较有转移淋巴结及无转移淋巴结患者的临床资料,分析SPECT/CT上存在转移淋巴结的影响因素,利用ROC曲线预测存在淋巴结转移的最佳界值。结果 ¹³¹I治疗后SPECT/CT发现91例患者存在转移淋巴结,发生率为22.25%（91/409）。单因素分析显示肿瘤大小、刺激性甲状腺球蛋白（sTg）及T分期是存在转移淋巴结的影响因素（P均<0.05）;Logistic分析显示sTg水平是影响转移淋巴结存在的独立危险因素。ROC曲线分析显示,sTg预测转移淋巴结存在的最佳界值为4.01 ng/ml,敏感度87.3%,特异度60.1%。结论 低危PTC患者术后及¹³¹I治疗后SPECT/CT显示转移淋巴结的发生率较高,肿瘤较大及sTg水平高是其影响因素,sTg水平高是预测淋巴结转移的重要指标。     

核素心肌灌注的定量及异质性分析对病毒性心肌炎的诊断价值

目的 探讨核素心肌灌注的定量及异质性分析诊断病毒性心肌炎（VMC）的价值。方法 回顾性分析接受^99mTc-MIBI心肌灌注显像的疑似VMC患者37例,其中18例临床诊断为VMC（VMC组）,其余19例排除VMC的患者为非VMC组。使用QPS软件获得静息灌注总积分（SRS）及总灌注缺损值（TPD）,计算靶心图放射性计数异质性参数节段靶心图变异系数（CV_s）和室壁靶心图变异系数（CV_w）,比较2组心肌灌注各参数的差异。应用ROC曲线评价各参数对VMC的诊断效能。结果 VMC组心肌灌注以左心室前壁和下壁降低最显著（P均<0.05）;VMC组TPD、CV_s较非VMC组均明显增高（P均<0.05）;CV_s对VMC炎诊断效能最优（AUC=0.83,P<0.01）,当CV_s阈值为10.5%时,其灵敏度为94.4%,特异度为73.7%。结论 心肌灌注异质性分析有助于VMC的诊断和鉴别诊断。