淋巴细胞亚群微核表达的辐射效应研究

简述了淋巴细胞亚群微核检测方法、淋巴细胞亚群自发微核率和影响因素，以及关于电脑射效应的研究现状，为微核法用于辐射生物剂的未来发展提供了有益信息。     

麦胚提取物对辐射损伤修复的实验研究

目的 研究麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复的调节和保护作用。方法 采用辐射前或辐射同时饲喂一定量的麦胚提取物，观察小鼠经X射线一次性全身照射后的临床症状、30d存活率、骨髓微核率、外周血白细胞总数在不同时间的变化。结果 与对照组(单纯照射)比较，饲喂麦胚提取物可使小鼠的头面部皮肤、小肠黏膜、肾脏损伤症状得到明显改善；30d存活率为86．17％(P＜0．01)，提高存活率41．79％，保护系数为1．72；骨髓微核率4．62‰；比对照组(12．14‰)降低(P＜0．01)；外周血白细胞总数在7，13，20，30d均显回升(P＜0.05，P＜0．01，P＜0．01，P＜0．01)。结论 麦胚提取物对小鼠辐射损伤修复有一定程度的调节和保护作用，对于辅助肿瘤放射治疗具有重要意义。     

吉林192Ir放射事故患者局部急性放射损伤病理改变

目的观察一例大剂量全身极不均匀照射急性放射损伤患者数处局部病理改变。方法病理常规切片染色，光镜检查。结果吸收剂量右下肢为３７３８Ｇｙ，左手掌为８３０Ｇｙ，于照射后第８天行右下肢、左前臂截肢术。右手、左膝照射剂量相对较小但难以准确估计，红斑、水肿、水疱、溃疡出现相对较晚，于第５５天行右手指、左膝清创植皮术。镜下：右小腿局部皮肤和皮肤附属器官、皮下组织和骨胳肌广泛地坏死和弥漫性出血，但真皮中的立毛肌尚存；左手指、手掌皮肤表皮细胞空泡变性、坏死，并形成大小不一的囊泡，致使表皮与真皮分离，真皮弥漫性出血、中性粒细胞浸润，汗腺上皮细胞变性、坏死，皮下组织内弥漫性出血，少数脂肪细胞坏死。胫骨、腓骨上端和股骨、桡骨、尺骨下端处骨髓腔内造血组织各系细胞均消失。左膝、右手拇指、食指、中指皮肤示急性放射性溃疡。结论大剂量照射导致的急性放射损伤造成大面积、深达肌肉的软组织坏死及骨髓造血细胞消失。     

工业X射线探伤防护剂量水平的研究

本文介绍了用实验方法研究不同管电压, 钢板厚度与散射线之间的关系.结果表明, 透射比随管电压升高而增加, 并随钢板厚度增加而下降；散射比随散射角的增大而逐渐下降, 至180°时为最低值。此研究为X射线探伤作业的辐射防护提供了依据。     

Successful treatment for squamous cell carcinoma of the female urethra with combined radio- and chemotherapy

We report on two cases of women with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the urethra. Patient 1 also displayed regional lymph node metastasis. Treatment comprised combined radiotherapy to 60 Gy and chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil and cisplatin. Complete response was obtained in both patients, including the inguinal lymph nodes of Patient 1. Patient 1 experienced recurrent inguinal lymph node metastasis on the contralateral side at 42 months after initial treatment, and the same treatment was performed followed by surgical excision. Both patients remain alive with no evidence of disease, at 12 months after recurrence in Patient 1, and at 27 months after treatment in Patient 2.     

Anterior Communicating Artery Aneurysm Following Radiation Therapy for Optic Glioma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

A 42-year-old female presented with subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), presumably from a radiation-induced anterior communicating artery aneurysm. Six years earlier, she had undergone radiation treatment for an optic glioma that was diagnosed based on imaging criteria. The aneurysm was successfully clipped, and the optic glioma was biopsied to verify the diagnosis histologically. Radiation-induced cerebral aneurysms often manifest with a fatal SAH. These aneurysms typically develop in the field of radiation and are diagnosed a mean of 8.52 years after radiation. Rarely, the aneurysm sac thromboses spontaneously. Clipping or coiling of the aneurysm can be an effective treatment.     

5名电离辐射事故患者外周血T细胞T细胞抗原受体、T细胞分化抗原决定簇－3效应的研究

文中报道了５名事故性急性骨髓型放射病患者照后２．５和３．５年外周血Ｔ淋巴细胞Ｔ细胞受体（ＴＣＲ）基因，ＴＣＲ、Ｔ细胞分化抗原决定簇－３（ＣＤ_３）表达与ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３复合物功能的辐射效应．发现５名患者于照后２．５年，２名（５．２Ｇｙ和２．４Ｇｙ，５５岁）于照后３．５年外周血Ｔ细胞应答抗ＣＤ３单抗刺激而增殖的能力尚未完全恢复；经同时用ＩＬ－２和抗ＣＤ_３单抗刺激，增殖能力比单用抗ＣＤ_３单抗刺激有所增强；后２名的外周血ＴＣＲ、ＣＤ_３阳性细胞百分率一直低于正常对照和其他患者；并见一患者出现ＤＮＡ重排杂交带型．本文并从ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３在介导Ｔ细胞抗原刺激反应中的作用，电离辐射对ＴＣＲ／ＣＤ_３复合物的影响，后果和意义等方面进行了讨论．