The usefulness of detailed information to patients with contact allergy

To find out if patients with contact allergy are helped by computerized information lists, a retrospective study was carried out on 58 patients with contact allergy to lanolin, traced through our local database DALUK. All were sent a questionnaire about their usage of the information list, clearance of their eczema, their education and other details. Clearance of the patient's eczema was found to correlate with use of the information list. It was also found that the effectiveness of the information depended on factors such as education, family circumstances, ethnic background and, most of all, how and where the information list was used.     

人眼调制传递函数自动测试装置

本文介绍一个用单片机控制的人眼视网膜－大脑系统调制传递函数测量装置，与传统方法不同，该装置调制对比度是利用电光晶体控制激光束强度的来达到的。该装置不但可以测量空间调制传递的函数，还可测量时－空调制传递函数，并以数据和曲线的形式打印输出。     

电子计算机监护慢性肝病程序的验证

用参与建立数学模型的521例资料和307例没参与建立数学模型的病例资料验证电子计算机监护慢性肝病的程序。以病理学检查、或以3个月至3年的临床观察结果作为诊断的金标准。254例临床诊断作为对照。验证结果表明（1）计算机监护优于临床诊断，（2）本程序敏感度高。     

Effect of Population Aging on the International Organ Donation Rates and the Effectiveness of the Donation Process

This study analyzed the effect of population aging on organ donation for transplants in 43 countries and on the effectiveness of the donation process by comparing the results between Spain and the United States. The percentage of the population aged 65 or over accounted for 33% of the difference in the donation rates between the countries and for 91% of the variation in the rates after age adjustment. However, the level of aging of the Spanish (16.5%) and American (12.3%) populations failed to account for the percentages of deceased donors 65 or over (28% vs. 10%), due to the different age-specific donation rates, much higher in Spain above 50 years. These differences lead to a higher effectiveness of the process in the United States (3.1 transplanted organs per donor vs. 2.5 in Spain), though at lower rates of transplant per million population (73 vs. 87). We conclude that older populations have a greater donation potential as donation rates are strongly associated with population aging. It should therefore be mandatory to adjust donation rates for age before making comparisons. Additionally, effectiveness decreases with older donors, so age should be considered when establishing standards relating to organ donation and effectiveness of the process.     

颅脑外伤性病变的CT检查及其临床意义

目的：探讨颅脑外伤严重程度及CT征象与预后的关系，并探讨CT复查的最佳时间及临床意义。方法：回顾性分析80例颅脑外伤的严重程度与初次CT征象的关系，统计分析复查CT发现新病变的数目、程度及时间。结果：颅脑外伤的严重程度与初次CT征象符合率为92．5％(74／80)。外伤后即刻昏迷、CT显示重度复合伤、脑干损伤或弥漫性脑白质损伤的病死率达70．0％(21／30)。1～3d复查CT发现迟发性病变80个，4—7d21个，7d后8个。结论：临床病情与CT征象变化对判断预后有重要意义，颅脑外伤后3、7d是复查CT的最佳时机，出现病情变化应随时复查。     

小型猪脂肪肝模型肝脏血流灌注的多层螺旋CT评价

目的采用多层螺旋CT（MSCT）灌注成像,探讨小型猪脂肪肝模型血流灌注状况。材料与方法实验组10头小型猪制备脂肪肝模型,同时设立3头小型猪为正常对照组。在0周、4周末、8周末分别进行肝脏CT灌注成像和肝穿刺病理活检,计算各项灌注参数。结果实验组4周末出现脂肪性肝炎、8周末出现脂肪性纤维化,对照组正常无脂肪肝。0周、4周末、8周末实验组的肝动脉灌注量（HAP）、门静脉灌注量（PVP）、总肝灌注量（THBF）均逐渐下降,分别为（28.00±11.42）、（19.30±9.12）、（17.52±16.29）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,（79.58±21.78）、（41.87±28.41）、（22.84±13.44）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,（107.58±25.70）、（61.17±31.87）、（40.37±17.19）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,而肝动脉灌注指数上升（26.76±9.01）,（38.24±21.85）,（43.52±24.42）%,各组间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。对照组0周、4周末、8周末HAP、PVP、THBF以及肝动脉灌注指数（HPI）组间差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,分别为（31.30±15.01）、（27.19±11.60）、（21.33±8.57）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,（91.68±25.67）、（69.02±21.21）、（81.90±14.60）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,（122.98±33.97）、（96.21±24.00）、（108.23±13.48）ml·min^-1·100ml^-1,（26.21±9.01）、（28.91±9.56）、（24.88±8.21）%。同期对比,除0周外,实验组与对照组各灌注参数两两比较差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论MSCT可以测量脂肪肝的血流灌注参数,与正常时期相比,小型猪脂肪肝的血流灌注参数发生了变化。     

胸骨浆细胞肉芽肿1例报告

浆细胞肉芽肿临床较少见,常发生于肺、眼眶及消化道等部位,发生于骨则罕见。大部分骨的浆细胞肉芽肿发生于颞骨,发生于胸骨者尚少见报道。现将我院胸骨浆细胞肉芽肿1例报告如下。     

自身免疫性胰腺炎的CT表现特征(附4例分析)

目的探讨自身免疫性胰腺炎(AIP)的CT表现特征。方法收集4例经临床、实验室检查和类固醇激素治疗有效的AIP患者的CT资料。CT检查包括平扫、双期(动脉期和门静脉期)增强扫描,在CT图像上观察胰腺的形态、大小、质地、强化程度、胰管、胰腺边缘、胰周及腹膜后各间隙等情况并分析AIP的CT表现特征。结果3例AIP表现为胰腺弥漫性肿大,1例为胰头的局限性肿大;病变区域胰腺实质在动脉期强化减弱但出现明显的延时强化;2例在胰腺病变区周围环绕包膜样结构;2例伴胆总管胰头段狭窄,1例ERCP显示胰管不规则狭窄;经类固醇激素治疗后,CT复查显示胰腺情况明显好转。结论AIP的CT表现具有一定的特征性。     

Digital computer analysis of dermatoscopical images of 260 melanocytic skin lesions; perimeter/area ratio for the differentiation between malignant melanomas and melanocytic nevi

BACKGROUND: Digital computer analysis of dermatoscopical images has been reported to facilitate the differential diagnosis of pigmented skin lesions in recent years. OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to perform digital computer analysis of a set of different melanocytic lesions and compare the objective results. METHODS: The set of 260 melanocytic lesions (150 excised difficult cases (46 melanomas, 47 atypical nevi, 57 common nevi and 110 unexcised common nevi) was automatically analysed by the digital dermatoscopical system microDERM. We searched for differences in asymmetry, size, compactness and colour distribution. Perimeter/area ratio was calculated. RESULTS: The perimeter/area ratio was detected as the most important criterion for differentiation between malignant and benign melanocytic lesions (sensitivity 91.3% and specificity 90.7% for malignant melanomas vs. all benign nevi; sensitivity 91.3% and specificity 80.8% for melanomas vs. clinically atypical nevi). Differences in size of the lesion, shape and asymmetry of colour were found and statistically verified. Using step-wise logistic regression the formula for calculation of probability of malignant nature of every analysed lesion was constructed. CONCLUSION: The perimeter/area ratio is a simple parameter for the differential diagnosis of melanocytic skin lesions.