Differential cardiorespiratory response to combined exercise with different combinations of forearm and calf exercise

The purpose of this study was to examine whether cardiorespiratory responses to combined rhythmic exercise (60 contractions · min^–1) was affected by different combinations of upper and lower limb exercise in seven healthy women. Six different rhythmic exercises were compared: 6-min rhythmic handgrip at 10% of isometric maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) (H10); 6-min rhythmic plantar flexion at 10% MVC (P10); exhausting rhythmic handgrip at 50% MVC (H50); exhausting rhythmic plantar flexion at 50% MVC (P50); H50 was added to P10 (P1OH50); and P50 was added to H10 (H10P50). Exercise duration, after handgrip was combined with plantar flexion (P10H50), was shorter than that of H50, although the exercise duration of HIOP50 was not significantly different from P50. No significant difference was found between the difference from rest in oxygen uptake ( O₂) during H10P50 and the sum of O₂ during H10 and P50. Also, the differences from rest in forearm blood flow ( FBF) and calf blood flow ( CBF) during H10P50 were not significantly different from FBF in H10 and from CBF in P50. In contrast, O₂ in P10H50 was lower than the sum of O₂ in P10 and H50 (P < 0.05), and J FBF in P10H50 was lower than that in H50 (P < 0.05) , while CBF was not significantly different between P1OH50 and P10. The changes in heart rate from rest (d HR) during the combined exercises were lower than the sums of HR in the corresponding single exercises (P < 0.05). These results demonstrated an inhibitory summation of several cardiorespiratory responses to combined exercise resulting in a reduction in exercise performance which would seem to occur easily when upperlimb exercise is added to lower limb exercise.     

Laparoscopic transgastric suturing for bleeding peptic ulcers

Background: Peptic ulcers are a frequent cause of upper G.I. bleeding. Since endoscopic methods may be unsuccessful, we have studied the feasibility of a new laparoscopic approach on a porcine model to control the bleeding of these ulcers with transgastric suturing. Methods: After approval of the Animal Ethics Committee, 20 pigs (20 kg) were anticoagulated with intravenous sodium heparin (400 U/kg), and anesthetized. A nasogastric tube was inserted and a 15 mmHg pneumoperitoneum was created. Two 10-mm trocars and one 5-mm trocar were inserted through the abdominal cavity for laparoscopic guidance of three 7-mm endoluminal trocars inside the stomach through the anterior wall. Two posterior gastric ulcers were mechanically made on each pig by a lift and cut technique. Ulcers were observed for at least 1 min for evidence of continued bleeding. First, bleeding ulcers were treated with sclerosing agents (epinephrine and ethanolmine oleate 5%); following sclerotherapy, ulcers were sutured intraluminaly with 2-0 silk, with intracorporeal knots. Results: Ulcers created extended into the vascular submucosa and averaged 7 mm in diameter. Bleeding rate was variable, but significant (2 cm³/min) in 40%. It was technically possible to suture these ulcers in 80%. Bleeding was controlled in 95% of cases with sclerotherapy and intraluminal sutures. One perforation of the posterior gastric wall occurred and four endoluminal trocars had to be reinserted after dislodgement. Conclusions: It is possible to technically control bleeding ulcers in most cases with a laparoscopic transgastric technique using sclerosing agent and intraluminal sutures. This approach is promising for future human application; also, the intragastric suturing skills developed may be useful for other surgical interventions.Poster presented at the annual meeting of the Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES), Orlando, Florida, USA, 11–14 March 1995     

老年患者上消化道出血186例临床分析

目的 探讨老年人上消化道出血的临床特点.方法 回顾分析我院2006年1月-2007年12月间收治的老年人上消化道出血186例的临床特点,并与同期中青年病例比较.结果 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡多见(53.76%),但胃溃疡出血发生率增加(32.79%),高于十二指肠溃疡发生率(20.97%),与中青年人以十二指肠溃疡为主有显著差异;胃癌出血发生率显著上升(15.59%),占病因第二位,与中青年人相比差异显著;老年人合并病(47.84%)、并发症(27.41%)、再出血率(19.35%)和死亡率(11.82%)显著高于中青年组.结论 老年人上消化道出血仍以消化性溃疡为多见,胃溃疡、胃癌出血发生率增加,并发症多,再出血率和死亡率高.     

声反射技术在测量正常人咽腔中的应用

目的 探讨正常人咽腔大小与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停病人发病机理的相互关系。方法 用声反射测量技术对24名健康志愿者的咽腔进行测量,咽腔面积测量是测量持续的缓慢呼气终末的肺总容量(Total Lung Capacity,TLC)和残余量(Residual Volume,RV),比较咽腔横断面积在男女成人肺容量的三个方面的表现:TLC,50％VC(50％ of vital Capacity)和RV。结果 男性咽腔面积在TLC6.4±1.3cm2,在50％VC5.4±0.9cm2和RV4.1±0.8cm2。女性咽腔面积在TLC4.8±0.6cm2,50％VC4.2±0.5cm2和RV3.7±0.6cm2。男女间不同的咽腔面积在TLC和50％VC中有显著的统计学意义,而在RV中无统计学意义。结论 (1)不同性别的咽腔面积与身体的尺寸大小有关。(2)在男女成人中显示咽腔面积随着肺容量的变化有相似的变化。(3)男性成人的咽腔面积随着年龄的增长而减小。     

下腔静脉后输尿管合并上尿路结石的诊治体会

目的:探讨下腔静脉后输尿管合并上尿路结石的诊断与治疗。方法:回顾性分析下腔静脉后输尿管合并上尿路结石病例9例的临床诊治经过,总结了诊断和治疗方法。结果:9例经静脉尿路造影、逆行尿路造影及CT确诊,7例行输尿管切断再吻合手术治愈。2例接受右肾切除手术。结论:静脉尿路造影、逆行尿路造影及CT扫描是主要诊断方法,取净上尿路结石后行输尿管切断再吻合手术是主要治疗手段。     

提前干预治疗对有创机械通气并发上消化道出血的影响

目的：观察提前干预治疗对气道压并发上消化道出血发生率及预后的影响。方法：①监测80例患者开始机械通气10天内的血气分析值和气道压，并讨论血气分析和气道压与有创机械通气相关性上消化道出血的关系；②观察使用奥美拉唑注射荆提前干预治疗对有创机械通气相关性上消化道出血的预防作用和对预后的影响。结果：两组患者在血气分析、气道压正常情况下均有并发上消化道出血病例。观察组上消化道出血发生率、上消化道大出血发生率、出血停止时间、因上消化道出血死亡率均明显低于对照组。结论：机械通气治疗无不当之处也可并发上消化道出血，提前干预治疗可明显降低有创机械通气并发上消化道出血，改善并发上消化道出血患者的预后。     

急性呼吸窘迫综合征犬呼气相和吸气相的压力-容积曲线

目的研究急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)犬低容积段及常规压力-容积(P-V)曲线的特征,并探讨其产生机制。方法 16条犬前后自身对照。静脉注射油酸制造ARDS犬模型。用大注射器法绘制以功能残气量 (FRC)为基线的低容积段及常规呼气相和吸气相P-V曲线。结果 ARDS犬低容积段呼气相P-V曲线出现低位拐点(LIP,d),且是一段范围,压力为(5．56±0．49)-(7．67±0．54)cm H2O,容积为(244．44±102．15)- (307．69±118．75)mL。常规吸气相P-V曲线低位拐点(LIP)也是一段范围,压力为(7．77±0．88)～(9．25 ±0．85)cm H2O,容积为(261．36±94．45)～(310．42±96．21)mL,均高于LIP,d(P<0．05);高位拐点(UIP)的压力为(13．75±0．66)cm H2O;呼气相P-V曲线拐点(EIP)的压力为(10．67±0．82)cm H2O,低于UIP(P< 0．05)。CT示,ARDS犬仰卧位时上部肺组织通气尚正常,通气差及无通气肺组织主要位于中、下部。随着呼气末气道正压(PEEP)的加大,通气良好肺组织持续增加,其中在LIP,d位置显著增加。结论 ARDS犬的LIP是一段区间,标志着陷闭肺泡复张的开始,肺泡复张贯串于整个吸气过程。EIP标志着肺泡由过度扩张转化为正常开放状态。低容积段呼气相P-V曲线出现一段区间的LIP,d,标志陷闭肺区复张后逐渐重新陷闭。     

腭咽环扎术后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征上气道形态的研究

目的：探讨腭咽环扎术（VRLP）后阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征（OSAHS）患者的上气道形态特征.方法：应用纤维鼻咽镜和头影测量技术检查了6例VRLP后并发OSAHS患者、6例VRLP后未发生OSAHS和6例未手术腭裂患者的上气道形态,测量了鼻咽腔直径、腭咽环扎处咽腔直径、口咽腔直径、舌根后咽腔直径、下咽腔直径、舌骨至下颌骨的距离等6个相关参数,并应用单因素方差分析进行组间比较.结果：未手术腭裂患者上气道形态光滑,VRLP后上气道在软腭后区和舌根后区出现2处狭窄,VRLP后OSAHS患者上气道鼻咽部明显狭窄变形,为腺样体肥大所致.结论：X线头影测量技术是一种简单实用的评估VRLP后OSAHS的方法,建议VRLP术前行此检查以排除腺样体严重增生患者.     

中南地区正常成人上呼吸道的MRI测量及其临床价值

目的:测量中南地区正常成人上呼吸道MR扫描后各层面径线长度、咽壁厚度及横截面积等指标,为临床诊断该区域病变提供客观指标。方法:对182例健康成人行MR上呼吸道扫描,并测量软腭后区、悬雍垂区、舌后区和会厌后区气道各径线长度、咽壁厚度和横截面积等指标,以单侧95%可信区间确定各测量指标的参考值。结果:在气道各个扫描平面中,绝大多数冠状径大于矢状径,男子组和女子组间比较,除软腭后区外,大多数测量指标差异显著,并指定了男、女各测量指标的正常值范围。结论:成人上呼吸道MRI测量及正常值的确定,为临床判断该区有否占位性病变及阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)患者气道解剖性狭窄部位的确定提供了客观指标。     

双J管在上尿路疾病中的应用

目的探讨双J管在上尿路疾病中的临床应用效果。方法治疗81例不同原因的上尿路疾病患者,采用双J管内引流及支架。结果除1例双J管未插入膀胱外,80例均获得了内引流及支架的满意效果。结论上尿路疾病的各种开放性手术,最好选双J管内引流及支架,肾盂内较大结石行ESWL前经尿道膀胱镜置入双J管。