两种牙面干燥法对窝沟封闭剂脱落率的影响

比较了使用压缩空气与使用洗耳球热空气干燥牙面对封闭剂脱落率的影响。结果表明：压缩空气干燥牙面较洗耳球热空气干燥牙面，封闭剂完全脱落率低；上颌磨牙远中腭沟、近中沟，差异有高度显著性（Ｐ＜０．０１），下颌磨牙面差异无显著性（Ｐ＜０．０５）。说明使用压缩空气干燥牙面有利于封闭剂的保留，特别对于不易操作的上颌磨牙影响更加明显，而对于能直视、易操作的下颌磨牙，使用洗耳球热空气干燥牙面也能达到较好的效果     

Risk factors for contact allergy to nickel - results of a multifactorial analysis

To quantify the independent impact of potential risk factors for nickel contact allergy (NCA), a multifactorial Poisson regression analysis of standardized anamnestic and patch test data (with nickel sulfate, 5% in petrolatum) was performed, comprising 74 940 patients assessed in the 33 German and Austrian contact dermatitis units of the Information Network of Departments of Dermatology (IVDK) between 1992 and 2000. NCA was observed in 15.5% patients. Female sex was the strongest risk factor (prevalence ratio 3.74, 95% CI: 3.51-3.98). Risk increased monotonically and significantly with decreasing age. Atopic dermatitis was not a risk factor. The year of patch test had no influence on NCA risk. Significant variation of risk between occupations was observed. In conclusion, our multifactorial analysis was able to quantify the impact of established risk factors and additionally address other, e.g. occupational, factors yet unidentified.     

Genome-wide association of mood-incongruent psychotic bipolar disorder

Mood-incongruent psychotic features (MICP) are familial symptoms of bipolar disorder (BP) that also occur in schizophrenia (SZ), and may represent manifestations of shared etiology between the major psychoses. In this study we have analyzed three large samples of BP with imputed genome-wide association data and have performed a meta-analysis of 2196 cases with MICP and 8148 controls. We found several regions with suggestive evidence of association (P<10^–6), although no marker met genome-wide significance criteria. The top associations were on chromosomes: 6q14.2 within the PRSS35/SNAP91 gene complex (rs1171113, P=9.67 × 10^–8); 3p22.2 downstream of TRANK/LBA1 (rs9834970, P=9.71 × 10^–8); and 14q24.2 in an intron of NUMB (rs2333194, P=7.03 × 10^–7). These associations were present in all three samples, and both rs1171113 and rs2333194 were found to be overrepresented in an analysis of MICP cases compared with all other BP cases. To test the relationship of MICP with SZ, we performed polygenic analysis using the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium SZ results and found evidence of association between SZ polygenes and the presence of MICP in BP cases (meta-analysis P=0.003). In summary, our analysis of the MICP phenotype in BP has provided suggestive evidence for association of common variants in several genes expressed in the nervous system. The results of our polygenic analysis provides support for a modest degree of genetic overlap between BP with MICP and SZ, highlighting that phenotypic correlations across syndromes may be due to the influence of polygenic risk factors.     

肿瘤乏氧显像在预测甲状腺癌内放疗疗效的临床应用

乏氧是实体肿瘤普遍存在的现象,可降低放疗及化疗的治疗效果。一些有创的肿瘤乏氧的检测方法（如氧电极法）可以用于肿瘤乏氧的检测并预测疗效,但这些方法由于技术复杂、繁琐且重复性差而无法在临床常规使用。核医学乏氧显像利用可以选择性滞留在乏氧组织中的显像剂,进行单光子发射计算机断层显像（single photon emission computed tomography,SPECT）或正电子发射计算机断层显像（position emission tomography,PET）无创性地探测肿瘤乏氧组织,并进行定性和半定量分析,从而进行鉴别诊断、评价预后及指导治疗,已成为近几年生物医学肿瘤治疗领域研究的热点。     

99^Tc^m-HL91乏氧显像对肺癌与肺转移瘤的诊断价值

目的: 探讨99Tem-HL91乏氧显像对肺癌与肺转移瘤诊断的可行性及其效果.方法: 选择6例正常志愿者进行99Tem-HL91全身显像,28例肺部原发与继发恶性肿瘤与肿瘤可疑的病人进行胸部99Tcm-HL91乏氧显像,采用1、2、4小时多时相静态显像结合静脉注射显像剂后4小时SPECT/CT断层显像.结果: 正常志愿者99Tem-HL91的生物学分布揭示,显像剂主要集中于腹部肝脏与肾脏,上半体摄取显像剂极少.心脏放射性计数下降极快,正常肺部几乎无放射性分布.1、2与4小时平面显像恶性肿瘤的T/NT值逐渐增高,4小时SPECT/CT断层显像,图像质量更优.23例肺癌与肺转移瘤病灶表现为对99Tcm-HL91明显摄取,全部显像阳性,灵敏性100.0%;5例良性病变显像,4例未摄取显像剂,呈显像阴性,特异性为80.0%;28例肺部良恶性病变99Tcm-HL91乏氧显像的符合率为96.0%.结论: 99Tcm-HL91乏氧显像剂可满足肺癌与肺转移瘤诊断.SPECT/CT断层显像可进一步提高诊断效能.     

非小细胞肺癌99Tcm-HL91 SPECT乏氧显像中HL91摄取程度与乏氧诱导因子1α和血管内皮生长因子表达的关系

目的 探讨99Tcm-4,9-二氮-3,3,10,10-四甲基十二烷-2,11-二酮肟(99Tcm-HL91)单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)乏氧显像T/N比值与非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中乏氧诱导因子1α(HIF-1α)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达的关系,以及HIF-1α的表达与肿瘤生物学行为的相关性.方法 20例NSCLC患者于根治性手术治疗前1～2 d行99Tcm-HL91单光子发射计算机断层显像(SPECT)检查,采集注射740 MBq99Tcm-HL91后2、4和6 h的前后位及侧位图像,利用感兴趣区(ROI)技术分别勾画显像阳性患者各时相肿瘤(T)和对侧相应部位(N)ROI,计算T/N比值.术后取肿瘤组织,采用免疫组化法检测HIF-1α和VEGF的表达.结果 20例NSCLC患者中,1例类癌患者99Tcm-HL91 SPECT乏氧显像阴性,其余患者显像均为阳性.免疫组化检测结果 显示,HIF-1α阳性表达13例,VEGF阳性表达15例.99Tcm-HL91显像T/N比值与NSCLC组织中HIF-1α的表达有关(P=0.046),而与VEGF的表达无关(P=0.961),HIF-1α表达与VEGF表达呈正相关(rs=0.494,P=0.027).NSCLC组织中HIF-1α的表达强度与NSCLC有无淋巴结转移有关(P=0.02),而VEGF表达与NSCLC有无淋巴结转移无关(P=0.10);在不同组织病理类型间,VEGF和HIF-1α的表达差异无统计学意义(P=0.67,P=0.81);HIF-1α和VEGF的表达强度随临床分期增高而增强(P=0.03,P=0.01).结论 99Tcm-HL91摄取程度与NSCLC组织中HIF-1α的表达有关,HIF-1α表达率与VEGF表达呈正相关.NSCLC组织中,HIF-1α的表达随临床分期增高而增强.     

HL-91-Technetium-99m: A new marker of viability in ischemic myocardium

BACKGROUND: Technetium 99m-HL91 is a new hypoxia imaging agent that demonstrates increased uptake in ischemic, viable myocardium. This study was performed to determine whether HL91 is taken up by nonviable myocardium. METHODS: Twenty-three Krebs-Henseleit buffer-perfused, isolated rat hearts were studied. Tc-99m-HL91 300 microCi was infused over 10 minutes, followed by a 60-minute clearance. Myocardial activity was monitored by use of an NaI crystal. Four groups were studied: control (flow = 12 mL/min, n = 7), low flow (flow = 1 mL/min, n = 6), no flow/reflow (60 minutes no flow/60 minutes reflow before Tc-99m-HL91 infusion, flow = 12 mL/min, n = 5), and cyanide-treated (before Tc-99m-HL91 infusion, flow = 12 mL/min, n = 5). Injury was assessed by creatine kinase, transmission electron microscopy, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. RESULTS: Control (no injury) and cyanide-treated (severe injury) hearts demonstrated low uptake (6.3+/-0.5 mean+/-SEM and 5.7+/-1.2 microCi, respectively) and low 60-minute retention (13.8%+/-2.2% and 13.7%+/-3.9%, respectively). Low-flow hearts (minimal injury) demonstrated markedly increased uptake (43.5+/-2.8 microCi, P < .01) and increased 60-minute retention (33.2%+/-2.9%, P < .01) compared with control. No-flow/reflow hearts (moderate injury) demonstrated intermediate uptake (8.7+/-0.5 microCi, P < .05 to control), although retention was not significantly different (18.9%+/-3.5%, P = ns). Severely and rapidly injured myocardium demonstrated Tc-99m-HL91 peak uptake and retention indistinguishable from normal. Moderately injured myocardium demonstrated uptake intermediate between severely injured and low-flow-induced ischemic, viable myocardium. CONCLUSION: Thus Tc-99m-HL91 is not taken up or retained in nonviable and irreversibly injured myocardium.     

99mTc-HL91在鼻咽癌乏氧显像检测中的初步研究

背景与目的:肿瘤组织乏氧是恶性肿瘤的一个重要生物学特征,直接影响临床放化疗效果。对于鼻咽癌乏氧检测目前还未有成熟可靠、简便易行的方法。本研究旨在探讨乏氧显像剂99mTc-HL91在鼻咽癌乏氧检测的临床应用价值。方法:对38例鼻咽癌患者静脉注射99mTc-HL91925MBq(25mCi)后3.5h进行头颈部SPE/CT断层显像,先对图像进行目测定性分析,以肉眼可辨别的鼻咽病灶区放射性浓聚高于正常鼻咽本底为乏氧显像阳性;再对阳性病例进行半定量分析,通过核医学感兴趣区(regionofinteresting,ROI)技术分别计算鼻咽病灶内乏氧显像部位(T )及病灶内非乏氧显像部位(T-)与正常鼻咽组织(N)的放射性计数比(T /N和T-/N);并将T /N与肿瘤体积进行相关分析。结果:38例鼻咽癌中乏氧显像阳性32例(84.21%);阳性病例中T /N为1.54±0.44,T-/N为1.08±0.19,两者存在显著性差异(P<0.001);肿瘤体积与T /N呈正相关(r=0.788,P<0.001)。结论:99mTc-HL91在鼻咽癌乏氧显像检测中对鼻咽癌的放疗影响及确定生物靶区有一定的临床应用价值。     

Effects of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Processing and Subsequent Recovery Treatment on the Wear Resistance of AZ91D Mg Alloy

AZ91D Mg alloy was treated by ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) and subsequent recovery treatment at different temperatures. The dry sliding friction test was performed to investigate the effects of USRP and subsequent recovery treatment on the wear resistance of AZ91D Mg alloy by a ball-on-plate tribometer. The microstructure, properties of plastic deformation layer and worn morphology were observed by optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and microhardness tester. Results illustrate that the grains of AZ91D Mg alloy surface layer are refined to nanocrystallines. The maximum microhardness of the top surface of the USRP sample reaches 102.3 HV. When USRP samples are treated by recovery treatment at 150 °C, 200 °C and 250 °C, the microhardness of the top surface decreases to 90.68 HV, 79.29 HV and 75.06 HV, respectively. The friction coefficient (FC) and wear volume loss of the USRP-R-150 sample are the lowest among all the samples. The worn surface morphology of the USRP-R-150 sample is smoother than that of other samples, indicating that the wear resistance of AZ91D Mg alloy treated by USRP and recovery treatment at 150 °C is improved significantly.