对诊断PADAM的游离睾酮指数的评估

目的 评价诊断中老年男子部分雄激素缺乏综合征（PADAM）的游离睾酮指数（FTI）.方法 对129例45岁以上健康男性的FTI进行年龄相关分析.以推算的游离睾酮（CFT）值为依据,对FTI进行有效性检验.结果 男子在中老年期FTI与增龄呈明显的负相关.FTI敏感性97.78%,特异性58.33%.结论 计算简单的FTI可用于PADAM病人的筛选和随访,尤其对70岁以上男子是血清FT较为有效的参数.     

脂肪抽吸对中心型肥胖患者代谢指标的影响

目的 观察脂肪抽吸对中心型肥胖患者代谢指标的影响。方法 筛选中心型肥胖患者30例，采用肿胀麻醉法，脂肪抽吸量在2000～2500ml；分别检测脂肪抽吸前2d和脂肪抽吸后1周、1个月、2个月、3个月的血脂、血清胰岛素、瘦素、脂联素、抵抗素，并换算出胰岛素抵抗指数（HO-MA-IR）、胰岛素敏感指数（ISI）和血糖及胰岛素下面积。结果脂肪抽吸后1个月、2个月血糖下面积及HOMA-IR均有不同程度的降低，ISI则有所升高（术后1周：P〈0.05；术后1月：P〈0．01）；脂肪抽吸后血清瘦素较脂肪抽吸前显著降低（P〈0.01），抵抗素和脂联素较脂肪抽吸前亦有所变化，特别是在术后1个月时变化较为明显（P〈0.05），除血清瘦素、血糖下面积外，其余指标脂肪抽吸后3个月基本恢复原有水平。结论 脂肪抽吸对代谢指标在3个月内有一定的影响，特别是对糖代谢改善显著，但3个月后这种变化基本恢复到原有水平。     

幕上星形细胞肿瘤Ki-67抗原表达及其预后作用

目的 探讨Ki-67抗原在幕上星形细胞肿瘤中的表达及其预后作用。方法 使用S-P免疫组化方法检测82例原发性幕上星形细胞肿瘤标本中Ki-67抗原的表达。单因素使用Kaplan-Meier法,多因素分析使用COX比例风险模型进行预后分析。结果Ki-67 指数在组织学分级GradeⅡ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ中分别为2.86%±1.57%,6.72%±3.95%,8.16%±3.92%(P<0.01)。单因素及多因素分析均提示Ki-67指数是独立的预后因素。在GradeⅡ中,Ki-67指数>2.5%与Grade Ⅲ中Ki-67指数≤2.5%的患者生存期差异无显著性(P>0.05);在GradeⅣ中,Ki-67指数≤2.5%与>2.5%的患者生存期有显著性差异(P<0.01)。结论 Ki-67指数随着各病理级别增高而增高;Ki-67指数>2.5%提示预后较差。在同一病理级别中,Ki-67指数不同,其预后有显著性差异。而部分不同病理级别的患者,随着Ki-67指数的不同,其生存期却无显著差异。联合组织病理检查及Ki-67指数检测有助于更精确地判断预后。     

蟾蜍灵对白血病小鼠脾脏的保护作用

目的 :研究蟾蜍灵对白血病小鼠脾脏系数的影响 ,探讨其增强机体免疫功能的机制。方法 :建立小鼠L72 12白血病模型 ,以蟾蜍灵腹腔注射给药 ,1次 /d ,连续 7d ,于第 8d将小鼠处死 ,计算脾脏系数。结果 :实验组与对照组小鼠相比差异显著 ,实验组小鼠脾脏系数明显减小 (t检验 ,t =3 70 ,P <0 0 1)。结论 :蟾蜍灵对L72 12白血病小鼠的脾脏具有一定的保护作用     

Body Mass Index and Glomerular Hyperfiltration in Renal Transplant Recipients: Cross-Sectional Analysis and Long-Term Impact

Obesity is a risk factor for renal graft loss. Higher body mass index (BMI) in native kidneys is associated with glomerular hyperfiltration. Whether higher BMI in renal transplants is associated with hyperfiltration is unknown. We investigated the impact of BMI on renal hemodynamics 1 year post-transplant. We analyzed glomerular filtration rate (GFR, (125)I-iothalamate) and effective renal plasma flow (ERPF, (131)I-hippurate) in 838 kidney transplants. Data were analyzed for all patients and for the subpopulation without diabetes. Long-term impact of BMI and renal hemodynamics were explored by Cox-regression. With higher BMI GFR and filtration fraction (FF) increased significantly. Multivariate analysis supported impact of BMI on GFR (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.275) and FF (adjusted r(2) of the model 0.158). This association was not explained by diabetes mellitus. On Cox-regression analysis, lower GFR and higher FF were independent determinants of overall graft loss and graft loss by patient mortality. Lower GFR and higher BMI were determinants of death-censored graft loss, with borderline contribution of higher FF. In renal transplants higher BMI is independently associated with higher GFR and FF one year posttransplant, suggesting glomerular hyperfiltration with altered afferent-efferent balance. Mechanisms underlying the long-term prognostic impact of hyperfiltration deserve further exploration.     

Uncooked rice of relatively low gelatinization degree resulted in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice in female college students

Cooking processes that gelatinize granules or disrupt structure might increase the glucose and insulin responses because a disruption of the structure of starch by gelatinization increases its availability for digestion and absorption in the small intestine. We hypothesized that the uncooked form of rice, which has a relatively low degree of gelatinization even though in powder form, would result in lower metabolic glucose and insulin responses compared with cooked rice (CR). To assess the effects of the gelatinization of rice on metabolic response of glucose and insulin, we investigated the glucose and insulin responses to 3 rice meals of different gelatinization degree in female college students (n = 12): CR (76.9% gelatinized), uncooked rice powder (UP; 3.5% gelatinized), and uncooked freeze-dried rice powder (UFP; 5.4% gelatinized). Uncooked rice powders (UP and UFP) induced lower glucose and insulin responses compared with CR. The relatively low gelatinization degree of UPs resulted in low metabolic responses in terms of the glycemic index (CR: 72.4% vs UP: 49.7%, UFP: 59.8%) and insulin index (CR: 94.8% vs UP: 74.4%, UFP: 68.0%). In summary, UPs that were less gelatinized than CR induced low postprandial glucose and insulin responses.     

当归对衰老小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响

目的：研究当归的抗衰老作用及作用机制。方法：用D—半乳糖诱导小鼠制成衰老模型，同时给予不同剂量的当归水煎剂，观察当归对脑组织细胞凋亡及胸腺指数的影响。结果：当归能明显抑制小鼠脑组织细胞凋亡，提高胸腺指数。结论：当归具有抗衰老作用。     

体重质量指数与557例绝经后妇女骨密度变化的关系研究

目的 了解不同的年龄绝经后妇女不同体重质量指数(BMI)与不同部位骨密度(BMD)的关系。方法 来自门诊健康体检的557名绝经后妇女(肝肾等疾病除外),年龄范围50~78岁。用双能X线吸收法(DEXA)测定腰椎(L2-4)、股骨颈、Ward's三角及Troch等部位的BMD,同时计算BMI。根据BMI将研究对象分为3组:低体重组(BMI≤20 kg／m2)、正常体重组(25≥BMI>20 kg/m2)及超重组(BMI>25 kg/m2)。根据年龄又分为3组(50-,60-,70~78岁),用方差分析的方法进行各组间均数的统计学分析。结果不同BMI组总体不同部位的BMD方差分析比较有极显著意义P<0.01,高BMI组的BMD均值明显增高;进一步对同一年龄组不同BMI组的不同部位的BMD均值比较,各组之间均有显著性差异(P<0.01),特别是低体重组的骨密度明显低于其他两组BMI组的BMD。结论BMI与绝经后妇女的骨密度有显著相关,但低体重的绝经后妇女作为骨折的危险人群应受到更多的关注:对于超重的绝经后妇女,通过增加体重的方式增加BMD是危险的,因为超重与高血压、冠心病、糖尿病、心肌梗死及中风有一定的关系;通过其他途径:如年轻时加强运动、多饮牛奶、不盲目减肥等,提高妇女峰值骨含量是非常重要的。     

老年人根管治疗疗效的相关因素

目的:研究老年人根管治疗疗效及其影响因素.方法:对56例65岁以上老年人,根管治疗后2年以上的126颗牙齿进行检查,按治疗后年限分3组:2～3年组,4～5年组,6年以上组.应用根尖周指数(Periodicalindex)评定X线片和综合临床检查,对其治疗进行评价.结果:老年人根管治疗成功率为72.2%;三组间根管治疗成功率差异无显著性.恰填根管治疗的成功率(82.2%)比欠填和超填的成功率(47.2%)要高;恰填病例中,冠方修复体质量好的患牙比质量差的患牙根尖周炎发病率低(25.7%和58.4%);去除欠填和超填病例后,桩冠修复患牙的根管治疗成功率为58.8%,而未做桩冠修复的患牙成功率为87.5%.结论:根充质量、冠方修复体质量、桩冠修复是影响老年人根管治疗疗效的主要因素.     

The effects of a 0.12% chlorhexidine-digluconate-containing mouthrinse versus a placebo on plaque and gingival inflammation over a 3-month period

Abstract Several previous studies have evaluated the effects of 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate (ChD) mouthrinses on plaque and gingival inflammation. However, previously, none have been based in general dental practices. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential to conduct controlled periodontal clinical trials in co-operation with general dental practitioners (gdps). The project took place in 5 general dental practices in the South of England. 121 healthy subjects (24 at 4 sites and 25 at the 5th). aged 18-65 years, mean 35 ± 12) years participated in a double-blind, randomised study during which they received full mouth assessments for plaque and gingival bleeding at baseline, 6 and 12 weeks. 60 subjects were randomly asigned to use the 0.12% ChD mouth wash and 6i the placebo. The assessments were carried out by 5 gpds, who had previously achieved inter-examiner κ scores of 0.78–0.85 (mean 0.81) for the plaque index (PlI), and of 0.73–0.94 (mean 0.87) for a modified gingival index (mGI), and who maintained κ scores of 0.51–0.90 for PII and of 0.73–1.00 for mGI during the 12 months required to complete the study. 98 subjects (48 ChD and 50 placebo) completed the study. Even though the baseline levels of plaque and gingivitis were low, by week 12, mean whole mouth piaque score of the ChD mouthwash users had fallen from 1.33 at baseline to 0.96 and was significantly lower (p < 0.001) than for the placebo users, 1.31 at baseline to 1.13. Whole-mouth gingival bleeding score fell from 0.56 to 0.42 in the ChD mouthwash group but was unchanged (0.54–0.55) in the placebo group. A subsidiary data analysis which considered the effects at sites indicated that within these overall differences, the ChD users experienced almost 2× the reduction from plaque score 2 at baseline at proximal molar sites over a 12-week period (50.6% ChD versus 27.6% placebo). It was concluded that 0.12% ChD mouthwash reduced plaque accumulation fay 28% and gingival inflammation by 25% over a 12–week period, that it is feasible for a group of gdps to maintain high levels of inter–examiner consistency in the use of PlI and mGI, that it is also feasible to carry out such a multicentre study in general dental practice, and that the use of mean mouth scores per subject to analyse the effects of mouthrinses may well mask variations in response throughout the mouth.